Design of the corpus
This section discusses some of the basic design issues underlying the creation of the BNC. It summarizes the kinds of uses for which the corpus is intended, and the principles upon which it was created. Some summary information about the composition of the corpus is also included.
General definitions
- a sample corpus: composed of text samples generally no longer than 45,000 words.
- a synchronic corpus: the corpus includes imaginative texts from 1960, informative texts from 1975.
- a general corpus: not specifically restricted to any particular subject field, register or genre.
- a monolingual British English corpus: it comprises text samples which are substantially the product of speakers of British English.
- a mixed corpus: it contains examples of both spoken and written language.
Composition
There is a broad consensus among the participants in the project and among corpus linguists that a general-purpose corpus of the English language would ideally contain a high proportion of spoken language in relation to written texts. However, it is significantly more expensive to record and transcribe natural speech than to acquire written text in computer-readable form. Consequently the spoken component of the BNC constitutes approximately 10 per cent (10 million words) of the total and the written component 90 per cent (90 million words). These were agreed to be realistic targets, given the constraints of time and budget, yet large enough to yield valuable empirical statistical data about spoken English. In the BNC sampler, a two per cent sample taken from the whole of the BNC, spoken and written language are present in approximately equal proportions, but other criteria are not equally balanced.
From the start, a decision was taken to select material for inclusion in the corpus according to an overt methodology, with specific target quantities of clearly defined types of language. This approach makes it possible for other researchers and corpus compilers to review, emulate or adapt concrete design goals. This section outlines these design considerations, and reports on the final make-up of the BNC.
For further explanation of <s> and <w> elements, see section Segments and words.
Frequency tables
The XML Edition of the BNC contains 4049 texts and occupies (including all markup) 5,228,040 Kb, or about 5.2 Gb. In total, it comprises just under 100 million orthographic words (specifically, 96816116), but the number of w-units (POS-tagged items) is slightly higher at 98363783. The tagging distinguishes a further 13614425 punctuation strings, giving a total content count of 110691482 strings. The total number of sunits tagged is about 6 million (6026284). Counts for these and all the other elements tagged in the corpus are provided in the corpus header.
In the following tables both an absolute count and a percentage are given for all the counts. The percentage is calculated with reference to the relevant portion of the corpus, for example, in the table for "written text domain", with reference to the total number of w-units in written texts. Note that punctuation strings are not included in these totals. The reference totals used are given in the first table below.
Spoken and written components of the corpus are discussed separately in the next two sections.
Design of the written component
Sampling basis: production and reception
While it is sometimes useful to distinguish in theory between language which is received (read and heard) and that which is produced (written and spoken), it was agreed that the selection of samples for a general-purpose corpus must take account of both perspectives.
Text that is published in the form of books, magazines, etc., is not representative of the totality of written language that is produced, as writing for publication is a comparatively specialized activity in which few people engage. However, it is much more representative of written language that is received, and is also easier to obtain in useful quantities, and thus forms the greater part of the written component of the corpus.
There was no single source of information about published material that could provide a satisfactory basis for a sampling frame, but a combination of various sources furnished useful information about the totality of written text produced and, particularly, received, some sources being more significant than others. They are principally statistics about books and periodicals that are published, bought or borrowed.
Catalogues of books published per annum tell us something about production but little about reception as many books are published but hardly read.
A list of books in print provides somewhat more information about reception as time will weed out the books that nobody bought (or read): such a list will contain a higher proportion of books that have continued to find a readership.
The books that have the widest reception are presumably those that figure in bestseller lists, particularly prize winners of competitions such as the Booker or Whitbread. Such works were certainly candidates for inclusion in the corpus, but the statistics of book-buying are such that very few texts achieve high sales while a vast number sell only a few or in modest numbers. If texts had been selected in strict arithmetical proportion to their sales, their range would have been severely limited. However, where a text from one particular subject domain was required, it was appropriate to prefer a book which had achieved high sales to one which had not.
Library lending statistics, where these are available, also indicate which books enjoy a wide reception and, like lists of books in print, show which books continue to be read.
Similar observations hold for magazines and periodicals. lists of current magazines and periodicals are similar to catalogues of published books, but perhaps more informative about language reception, as it may be that periodicals are bought and read by a wider cross-section of the community than books. Also, a periodical that fails to find a readership will not continue to be published for long.
Periodical circulation figures have to be treated with the same caution as bestseller lists, as a few titles dominate the market with a very high circulation. To concentrate too exclusively on these would reduce the range of text types in the corpus and make contrastive analysis difficult.
Published written texts were selected partly at random from Whitaker's Books in Print for 1992 and partly systematically, according to the selection features outlined in section Selection features below.
Available sources are concerned almost exclusively with published books and periodicals. It is much more difficult to obtain data concerning the production or reception of unpublished writing. Intuitive estimates were therefore made in order to establish some guidelines for text sampling in the latter area.
Selection features
Texts were chosen for inclusion according to three selection features: domain (subject field), time (within certain dates) and medium (book, periodical, etc.).
The purpose of these selection features was to ensure that the corpus contained a broad range of different language styles, for two reasons. The first was so that the corpus could be regarded as a microcosm of current British English in its entirety, not just of particular types. The second was so that different types of text could be compared and contrasted with each other.
Selection Procedure
Each selection feature was divided into classes (e.g. ‘Medium’ into books, periodicals, unpublished etc.; ‘Domain’ into imaginative, informative, etc.) and target percentages were set for each class. These percentages are quite independent of each other: there was no attempt, for example, to make 25 per cent of the selected periodicals imaginative.
Seventy-five per cent of the samples were to be drawn from informative texts, and the remaining 25 per cent from imaginative texts.
titles were to be taken from a variety of media, in the following proportions: 60 per cent from books, 30 per cent from periodicals, 10 per cent from miscellaneous sources (published, unpublished, and written to be spoken).
Half of the books in the ‘Books and Periodicals’ class were selected at random from Whitaker's Books in Print 1992. This was to provide a control group to validate the categories used in the other method of selection: the random selection disregarded Domain and Time, but texts selected by this method were classified according to these other features after selection.
Sample size and method
For books, a target sample size of 40,000 words was chosen. No extract included in the corpus exceeds 45,000 words. For the most part, texts which in their entirety were shorter than 40,000 words were further reduced by ten per cent for copyright reasons; a few texts longer than the target size were however included in their entirety. Text samples normally consist of a continuous stretch of discourse from within the whole. A convenient breakpoint (e.g. the end of a section or chapter) was chosen as far as possible to begin and end the sample so that high-level discourse units were not fragmented. Only one sample was taken from any one text. Samples were taken randomly from the beginning, middle or end of longer texts. (In a few cases, where a publication included essays or articles by a variety of authors of different nationalities, the work of non-UK authors was omitted.)
Some types of written material are composite in structure: that is, the physical object in written form is composed of more than one text unit. Important examples are issues of a newspaper or magazine which, though editorially shaped as a document, contain discrete texts, each with its specific authorship, stylistic characteristics, register and domain. The BNC attempts to separate these discrete texts where appropriate and to classify them individually according to the selection and classification features. As far as possible, the individual stories in one issue of a newspaper were grouped according to domain, for example as ‘Business’ articles, ‘Leisure’ articles, etc.
The following subsections discuss each selection criterion, and indicate the actual numbers of words in each category included.
Domain
The evidence from catalogues of books and periodicals suggests that imaginative texts account for significantly less than 25 per cent of published output, and unpublished reports, correspondence, reference works and so on would seem to add further to the bulk of informative text which is produced and consumed. However, the overall distribution between informative and imaginative text samples is set to reflect the influential cultural role of literature and creative writing. The target percentages for the eight informative domains were arrived at by consensus within the project, based loosely upon the pattern of book publishing in the UK during the past 20 years or so, as reflected in the categorized figures for new publications that appear annually in Whitaker's Book list.
Medium
The ‘Miscellaneous published’ category includes brochures, leaflets, manuals, advertisements. The ‘Miscellaneous unpublished’ category includes letters, memos, reports, minutes, essays. The ‘written-to-be-spoken’ category includes scripted television material, play scripts etc.
Descriptive features
Written texts may be further classified according to sets of descriptive features. These features describe the sample texts; they did not determine their selection. This information is recorded to allow more delicate contrastive analysis of particular sets of texts. As a simple example, the gross division into two time periods in the selection features can, of course, be refined and subcorpora defined over the BNC for more specific dates. However, the relative sizes of such subcorpora are undefined by the BNC design specification.
These descriptive features were monitored during the course of the data gathering, and text selection, in cases where a free choice of texts was available, took account of the relative balance of these features. Thus although no relative proportions were defined for different target age groups (for example), we ensured that the corpus does contain texts intended for children as well as for adults.
The following tables summarize the results for the first release of the corpus. Note that many texts remain unclassified.
Author information
Information about authors of written texts was included only where it was readily available, for example from the dust-wrapper of a book. Consequently, the coverage of such information is very patchy. The authorship of a written text was characterized as ‘corporate’ where it was produced by an organization and no specific author was given, and as ‘multiple’ in cases where several authors were named. Author sex was classified as ‘mixed’ where more than one author of either sex was specified, and ‘unknown’ where it could not reliably be determined from the author's name. Note that ‘author age’ means the author's age at the time of creation of the work concerned.
Target audience
Some attempt was made to characterize the kind of audience for which written texts were produced in terms of age, sex and ‘level’ (a subjective assessment of the text's technicality or difficulty). The last of these proved very difficult to assess and was very frequently confused with circulation size or audience size; for that reason, no figures for it are included here.
Miscellaneous classification information
Written texts were also characterized according to their place of publication and the type of sampling used
In addition to the above, standard bibliographic details such as author, title, publication details, extent, topic keywords etc. were recorded for the majority of texts, as further described below (see The header).
Selection procedures employed
Books
Roughly half the titles were randomly selected from available candidates identified in Whitaker's Books in Print (BIP), 1992, by students of Library and Information Studies at Leeds City University. Each text randomly chosen was accepted only if it fulfilled certain criteria: it had to be published by a British publisher, contain sufficient pages of text to make its incorporation worthwhile, consist mainly of written text, fall within the designated time limits, and cost less than a set price. The students noted the ISBN, author, title and price of each book thus selected; the final selection weeded out texts by non-UK authors.
Half of the books having been selected by this method, the remaining half were selected systematically to make up the target percentages in each category. The selection proceeded as follows.
Bestsellers
Because of their wide reception, bestsellers were obvious candidates for selection. The lists used were those that appeared in the Bookseller at the end of the years 1987 to 1993 inclusive. Some of the books in the lists were rejected, for a variety of reasons. Obviously books that had already been selected by the random method were excluded, as were those by non-UK authors. In addition, a limit of 120,000 words from any one author was imposed, and books belonging to a domain or category whose quota had already been reached were not selected. Other bestseller lists were obtained from The Guardian, the British Council, and from Blackwells Paperback Shop.
The titles yielded by this search were mostly in the Imaginative category.
Literary prizes
The criteria for inclusion were the same as for bestsellers. The prize winners, together with runners-up and shortlisted titles, were taken from several sources, principally Anne Strachan, Prizewinning literature: UK literary award winners, London, 1989. For 1990 onwards the sources used were: the last issue of the Bookseller for each year; The Guardian Index, 1989–, entries under the term ‘Literature’; and The Times Index, 1989-, entries under the term ‘Literature — Awards’.
Literary prizes are in the main awarded to works that fall into the Imaginative category, but there are some Informative ones also.
Library loans
The source of statistics in this category was the record of loans under Public Lending Right, kindly provided by Dr J. Parker, the Registrar. The information comprised lists of the hundred most issued books and the hundred most issued children's books, in both cases for the years 1987 to 1993.
The lists consist almost exclusively of imaginative literature, and many titles found there also appear in the lists of bestsellers and prize winners.
Additional texts
As collection proceeded, monitoring disclosed potential shortfalls in certain domains. A further selection was therefore made, based on the ‘Short Loan’ collections of seven University libraries. (Short Loan collections typically contain books required for academic courses, which are consequently in heavy demand.)
Periodicals and magazines
Periodicals, magazines and newspapers account for 30 per cent of the total text in the corpus. Of these, about 250 titles were issues of newspapers. These were selected to cover as wide a spectrum of interests and language as possible. Newspapers were selected to represent as wide a geographic spread as possible: The Scotsman and the Belfast Telegraph are both represented, for example.
Other media
In addition to samples from books, periodicals, and magazines, the written part of the corpus contains about seven million words classified as ‘Miscellaneous Published’, ‘Miscellaneous Unpublished’, or as ‘Written to be spoken’. The distinction between ‘published’ and ‘unpublished’ is not an easy one; the former category largely contains publicity leaflets, brochures, fact sheets, and similar items, while the latter has a substantial proportion of school and university essays, unpublished creative writing or letters, and internal company memoranda. The ‘written to be spoken’ material includes scripted material, intended to be read aloud such as television news broadcasts; transcripts of more informal broadcast materials such as discussions or phone-ins are included in the spoken part of the corpus.
Copyright permissions
Before a selected text could be included, permissions had to be obtained from the copyright owner (publisher, agent, or author). A standard Permissions Request was drafted with considerable care, but some requests were refused, or simply not answered even after prompting, so that the texts concerned had to be excluded or replaced.
Design of the spoken component
Lexicographers and linguists have long hoped for corpus evidence about spoken language, but the practical difficulties of transcribing sufficiently large quantities of text have prevented the construction of a spoken corpus of over one million words. The British National Corpus project undertook to produce five to ten million words of orthographically transcribed speech, covering a wide range of speech variation. A large proportion of the spoken part of the corpus — over four million words — comprises spontaneous conversational English. The importance of conversational dialogue to linguistic study is unquestionable: it is the dominant component of general language both in terms of language reception and language production.
As with the written part of the corpus, the most important considerations in constructing the spoken part were sampling and representativeness. The method of transcription was also an important issue.
The issues of corpus sampling and representativeness have been discussed at great length by many corpus linguists. With spoken language there are no obvious objective measures that can be used to define the target population or construct a sampling frame. A comprehensive list of text types can be drawn up but there is no accurate way of estimating the relative proportions of each text type other than by a priori linguistically motivated analysis. An alternative approach, one well known to sociological researchers, is demographic sampling, and this was broadly the approach adopted for approximately half of the spoken part of the corpus. The sampling frame was defined in terms of the language production of the population of British English speakers in the United Kingdom. Representativeness was achieved by sampling a spread of language producers in terms of age, gender, social group, and region, and recording their language output over a set period of time.
We recognised, however, that many types of spoken text are produced only rarely in comparison with the total output of all ‘speech producers’: for example, broadcast interviews, lectures, legal proceedings, and other texts produced in situations where — broadly speaking — there are few producers and many receivers. A corpus constituted solely on the demographic model would thus omit important spoken text types. Consequently, the demographic component of the corpus was complemented with a separate text typology intended to cover the full range of linguistic variation found in spoken language; this is termed the context-governed part of the corpus.
The demographically sampled part of the corpus
The approach adopted uses demographic parameters to sample the population of British English speakers in the United Kingdom. Established random location sampling procedures were used to select individual members of the population by personal interview from across the country taking into account age, gender, and social group. Selected individuals used a portable tape recorder to record their own speech and the speech of people they conversed with over a period of up to a week. In this way a unique record of the language people use in everyday conversation was constructed.
Sampling procedure
124 adults (aged 15+) were recruited from across the United Kingdom. Recruits were of both sexes and from all age groups and social classes. The intention was, as far as possible, to recruit equal numbers of men and women, equal numbers from each of the six age groups, and equal numbers from each of four social classes.
Additional recordings were gathered for the BNC as part of the University of Bergen COLT Teenager Language Project. This project used the same recording methods and transcription scheme as the BNC, but selected only respondents aged 16 or below.
The tables below give figures for the amount of transcribed material collected by each respondent, classified by their age, class, and sex.
| texts | w-units | % | s-units | % | |
| Unknown | 5 | 16245 | 0.38 | 2407 | 0.39 |
| Male respondent | 73 | 1742222 | 41.14 | 248241 | 40.65 |
| Female respondent | 75 | 2475488 | 58.46 | 359909 | 58.94 |
Recruits who agreed to take part in the project were asked to record all of their conversations over a two to seven day period. The number of days varied depending on how many conversations each recruit was involved in and was prepared to record. Results indicated that most people recorded nearly all of their conversations, and that the limiting factor was usually the number of conversations a person had per day. The placement day was varied, and recruits were asked to record on the day after placement and on any other day or days of the week. In this way a broad spread of days of the week including weekdays and weekends was achieved. A conversation log allowed recruits to enter details of every conversation recorded, and included date, time and setting, and brief details of other participants.
Recording procedure
All conversations were recorded as unobtrusively as possible, so that the material gathered approximated closely to natural, spontaneous speech. In many cases the only person aware that the conversation was being taped was the person carrying the recorder. Although an initial unnaturalness on the part of the recruit was not uncommon this soon seemed to disappear. Similarly, where non-intrusive recording was not possible, for example at a family gathering where everyone is aware they are being recorded, the same initial period of unease sometimes occurred, but in our experience again vanished quickly. The guarantee of confidentiality and complete anonymity (all references to full names and addresses have been removed from the corpus and the log), and the fact that there was an intermediary between those being recorded and those listening to the recordings certainly helped.
For each conversational exchange the person carrying the recorder told all participants they had been recorded and explained why. Whenever possible this happened after the conversation had taken place. If any participant was unhappy about being recorded the recording was erased. During the project around 700 hours of recordings were gathered.
Sample size
The number of people recruited may seem small in comparison to some demographic studies of the population of the United Kingdom. As with any sampling method, some compromise between what was theoretically desirable and what was feasible within the constraints of the BNC project had to be made. There is no doubt that recruiting 1000 people would have given greater statistical validity but the practical difficulties and cost implications of recruiting 1000 people and transcribing 50–100 million words of speech made this impossible. given that we were not attempting to represent the complete range of age and social groups within each region we considered a sample size between 100 and 130 would be adequate. It is also important to stress that the total number of participants in all conversations was well in excess of a thousand.
Piloting the demographic sampling approach
- the likelihood that enough material would be obtained from a sample of around 100 people
- any problems that might be encountered during the recruitment and collection stages
- any problems or difficulties experienced by recruits during taping or with logging details of conversations and participants
- any areas where the documentation designed for the project could be improved
- whether the recording quality under a wide range of conditions would be good enough for accurate transcription
- whether the predicted throughput rates for tape editing, transcription and checking were accurate.
The results of the pilot generally confirmed predictions and allowed some procedures to be refined for the full project.
The context-governed part of the corpus
As mentioned above, the spoken texts in the demographic part of the corpus consists mainly of conversational English. A complementary approach was developed to create what is termed the context-governed part of the corpus. As in other spoken corpora, the range of text types was selected according to a priori linguistically motivated categories. At the top layer of the typology is a division into four equal-sized contextually based categories: educational, business, public/institutional, and leisure. Each is divided into the subcategories monologue (40 per cent) and dialogue (60 per cent). Each monologue subcategory therefore totals 10 per cent of the context-governed part of the corpus, and each dialogue subcategory 15 per cent.
Within each subcategory a range of text types was defined. This range was not fixed, and the design was flexible enough to allow the inclusion of additional text types. The sampling methodology was different for each text type but the overall aim was to achieve a balanced selection within each, taking into account such features as region, level, gender of speakers, and topic. Other features, such as purpose, were applied on the basis of post hoc judgements.
Sampling procedure
For the most part, a variety of text types were sampled within three geographic regions. However, some text types, such as parliamentary proceedings, and most broadcast categories, apply to the country as a whole and were not regionally sampled. Different sampling strategies were required for each text type, and these are outlined below.
Educational and informative:
- Lectures, talks, educational demonstrations
- Within each sampling area a university (or college of further education) and a school were selected. A range of lectures and talks was recorded, varying the topic, level, and speaker gender.
- News commentaries
- Regional sampling was not applied, but both national and regional broadcasting companies were sampled. The topic, level, and gender of commentator was varied.
- Classroom interaction
- Schools were regionally sampled and the level (generally based on student age) and topic were varied. Home tutorials were also included.
Business:
- Company talks and interviews
- Sampling took into account company size, areas of activity, and gender of speakers.
- Trade union talks
- Talks to union members, branch meetings and annual conferences were all sampled.
- Sales demonstrations
- A range of topics was included.
- Business meetings
- Companies were selected according to size, area of activity, and purpose of meeting.
- Consultations
- These included medical, legal, business and professional consultations.
Public/ or institutional:
- Political speeches
- Regional sampling of local politics, plus speeches in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
- Sermons
- Different denominations were sampled.
- Public/government talks
- Regional sampling of local inquiries and meetings, plus national issues at different levels.
- Council meetings
- Regionally sampled, covering parish, town, district, and county councils.
- Religious meetings
- Includes church meetings, group discussions, and so on.
- Parliamentary proceedings
- Sampling of main sessions and committees, House of Commons and House of Lords.
- Legal proceedings
- Royal Courts of Justice, and local Magistrates and similar courts were sampled.
Leisure:
- Speeches
- Regionally sampled, covering a variety of occasions and speakers.
- Sports commentaries
- Exclusively broadcast, sampling a variety of sports, commentators, and TV/radio channels.
- Talks to clubs
- Regionally sampled, covering a range of topics and speakers.
- Broadcast chat shows and phone-ins
- Only those that include a significant amount of unscripted speech were selected from both television and radio.
- Club meetings
- Regionally sampled, covering a wide range of clubs.
Sample size
Each monologue text type contains up to 200,000 words of text, and each dialogue text type up to 300,000 words. The length of text units within each text type vary — for example, news commentaries may be only a few minutes long (several hundred words), lectures are typically up to one hour (10,000 words), and some business meetings and parliamentary proceedings may last for several hours (20,000 words+). For the context-governed part of the corpus an upper limit of 10,000 words per text unit was generally imposed, although a few texts are slightly above this.
Composition of the spoken component
Basic structure
The original British National Corpus was provided as an application of ISO 8879, the Standard Generalized Mark-Up Language (SGML). This international standard provides, amongst other things, a method of specifying an application-independent document grammar, in terms of the elements which may appear in a document, their attributes, and the ways in which they may legally be combined. SGML was a predecessor of XML, the extensible markup language defined by the World Wide Web Consortium and now in general use on the World Wide Web, which was originally designed as a means of distributing SGML documents on the web.
This XML edition of the BNC is delivered in an XML format which is documented in this manual in section Markup conventions below; more detailed information about XML itself is readily available in many places.
The original BNC encoding format was also strongly influenced by the proposals of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). This international research project resulted in the development of a set of comprehensive guidelines for the encoding and interchange of a wide range of electronic texts amongst researchers. An initial report appeared in 1991, and a substantially revised and expanded version in early 1994. A conscious attempt was made to conform to TEI recommendations, where these had already been formulated, but in the first version of the BNC there were a number of differences in tag names, and models. In the second edition of the BNC (BNC World), the tagging scheme was changed to conform as far as possible with the published Recommendations of the TEI (??). In the XML edition, this process has continued, and the corpus schema is now supplied in the form of a TEI customization: see further ??.
Section Markup conventions describes the basic structure of the BNC encoding scheme, in terms of the XML elements and attributes distinguished and the tags used to mark them. Section Written texts describes features which are peculiar to written texts, and section Spoken texts those peculiar to spoken texts. In each case, a distinction is made between those elements which are marked up in all texts and those which (for technical or financial reasons) are not always so distinguished, and hence appear in some texts only.
Section The header describes the structure of the <teiHeader> element attached to each component of the corpus, and also to the whole corpus itself. Sections Written texts and Spoken texts informally describe the elements specific to written and to spoken texts respectively. It should be noted that by no means all of the features described here will be present in every text of the corpus, nor, if present, will they necessarily be tagged. Finally, a reference section (Formal Specification of the BNC XML schema) provides an alphabetical list of all elements and attributes used, together with the model and attribute classes to which they belong, and macros used to simplify references to them.
Markup conventions
The BNC XML edition is marked up in XML and encoded in Unicode. These formats are now so pervasive as to need little explication here; for the sake of completeness however, we give a brief summary of their chief characteristics. We strongly recommend the use of XML-aware processing tools to process the corpus.
An XML document, such as the BNC consists of a single root element, within which are nested occurrences of other element types. All element occurrences are delimited by tags. There are two forms of tag, a start-tag, marking the beginning of an element, and an end-tag marking its end. Tags are delimited by the characters < and >, and contain the name of the element (its gi, for generic identifier), preceded by a solidus (/) in the case of an end-tag.
For example, a heading or title in a written text will be preceded by a tag of the form <head> and followed by a tag in the form </head>. Everything between these two tags is regarded as the content of an element of type <head>.
Attributes applicable to element instances, if present, are also indicated within the start-tag, and take the form of an attribute name, an equals sign and the attribute value, in the form of a quoted literal. Attribute values are used for a variety of purposes, notably to represent the part of speech codes allocated to particular words by the CLAWS tagging scheme.
For example, the <head> element may take an attribute type which categorizes it in some way. A main heading will thus appear with a start tag <head type="MAIN">, and a subheading with a start tag <head type="SUB">.
The names of elements and attributes are case-significant, as are attribute values. The style adopted throughout the BNC scheme is to use lower-case letters for identifiers, unless they are derived from more than one word, in which case the first letter of the second and any subsequent word is capitalized.
Unless it is empty, every occurrence of an element must have both a start-tag and an end-tag. Empty elements use a special syntax in which start and end-tags are combined together: for example, the point at which a page break occurs in an original source is marked <pb/> rather than <pb></pb>
The BNC is delivered in UTF-8 encoding: this means that almost
all characters in the corpus are represented directly by the
appropriate Unicode character. The chief exceptions are the ampersand
(&) which is always represented by the special string
&, the double quotation mark, which is sometimes
represented by the special string ", and the
arithmetic less-than sign, which always appears as
<. These ‘named entity
references’ use a syntactic convention of XML which is
followed by this version of the corpus. All other characters,
including accented letters such as é or special characters such as —,
are represented directly.
An example
The example begins with the start tag for a <wtext>
(written text) element,
which bears a type attribute, the value of which is
FICTION, the code used for texts derived from published
fiction. The start tag is followed by an empty <pb> element,
which provides the page number in the original source text. This in
turn is followed by the start of a <div> element, which
contains the first subdivision (chapter) of this text. This first
chapter begins with a heading (marked by a <head> element)
followed by a paragraph (marked by the <p> element). Further
details and examples are provided for all of these elements and their
functions elsewhere in this documentation.
Each distinct word and punctuation mark in the text, as identified by the CLAWS tagger, has been separately tagged with a <w> or <c> element as appropriate. These elements both bear a c5 attribute, which indicates the code from the CLAWS C6 tagset allocated to that word by the CLAWS POS-tagger; <w> elements also bear a pos attribute, which provides a less fine-grained part of speech classification for the word, and an hw attribute, which indicates the root form of the word. For example, the word ‘said’ in this example has the CLAWS 5 code VVD, the simplified POS tag VERB, and the headword say. The sequence of words and punctuation marks making up a complete segment is tagged as an <s> element, and bears an n attribute, which supplies its sequence number within the text. A combination of text identifier (the three letter code) and <s> number may be used to reference any part of the corpus: the example above contains J10 1 and J10 2.
This is not, of course, a complete text: in particular, it lacks the TEI header which is prefixed to each text file making up the corpus. Its purpose is to indicate how the corpus is encoded. Any XML aware processing software, including common Web browsers, should be able to operate directly on BNC texts in XML format.
The remainder of this manual describes in more detail the intended semantics for each of the XML elements used in the corpus, with examples of their use.
Corpus and text elements
The BNC contains a large number of text samples, some spoken and some written. Each such sample has some associated descriptive or bibliographic information particular to it, and there is also a large body of descriptive information which applies to the whole corpus.
In XML terms, the corpus consists of a single element, tagged <bnc>. This element contains a single <teiHeader> element, containing metadata which relates to the whole corpus, followed by a sequence of <bncDoc> elements. Each such <bncDoc> element contains its own <teiHeader>, containing metadata relating to that specific text, followed by either a <text> element (for written texts) or an <stext> element (for spoken texts).
The components of the TEI header are fully documented in section The header.
Note that different elements are used for spoken and written texts because each has a different substructure; this represents a departure from TEI recommended practice.
Segments and words
The <s> element is the basic organizational principle for the whole corpus: every text, spoken or written, is represented as a sequence of <s> elements, possibly grouped into higher-level constructs, such as paragraphs or utterances. Each <s> element in turn contains <w> or <c> elements representing words and punctuation marks.
The n attribute is used to provide a sequential number for the <s> element to which it is attached. These numbers are, as far as possible, preserved across versions of the corpus, to facilitate referencing. This implies that the sequence numbering may have gaps, where duplicate sequences or segmentation errors have been identified and removed from the corpus. In cases where sequences formerly regarded as a single <s> have subsequently been split into two or more, the same number is retained for each new <s>, but it is suffixed by a fragment number. To identify any part of the corpus uniquely therefore, all that is needed is the three character text identifier (given as the value of the attribute xml:id on the <bncDoc> containing the text, followed by the value of the n attribute of the <s> element containing the passage to be identified.
- <s> (s-unit) contains a sentence-like division of a text.
- <w> (word) represents a grammatical (not necessarily orthographic) word.
- <c> (character) contains a significant punctuation mark as identified by the CLAWS tagger.
- <mw> contains a multi-word unit as identified by CLAWS, that is, a sequence of individual tokens which function as a single unit and can be given a single part of speech code.
Editorial indications
Despite the best efforts of its creators, any corpus as large as the BNC will inevitably contain many errors, both in transcription and encoding. Every attempt has been made to reduce the incidence of such errors to an acceptable level, using a number of automatic and semi-automatic validation and correction procedures, but exhaustive proof-reading of a corpus of this size remains economically feasible.Editorial interventions in the marked up texts take three forms. On a few occasions, where markup or commentary introduced by transcribers during the process of creating the corpus may be helpful to subsequent users, it has been retained in the form of an XML comment. On some occasions, encoders have decided to correct material evidently wrong in their copy text: such corrections are marked using the <corr> element. And on several occasions, sampling, anonymization or other concerns, have led to the omission of significant parts of the original source; such omissions are marked by means of the <gap> element.
The transcription and editorial policies defined for the corpus may not have been applied uniformly by different transcribers and consequently the usage of these elements is not consistent across all texts. The <tagsDecl> element in each text's header may be consulted for an indication of the usage of these and other elements within it (see further section The encoding description). Their absence should not be taken to imply that the text is either complete or perfectly transcribed.
- <gap> (omitted material) indicates a point where material has been omitted from the transcription.
- <corr> (correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text.
Written texts
Divisions of written texts
More often, however, chapter names or numbers will appear within the text, tagged using the <head> element discussed in section Headings and captions below.
The value of the attribute type is used to characterise the function of the textual division, according to an informal taxonomy listed above. If a value is supplied for one division at a given level, it may be assumed to apply to all subsequent divisions at the same level until the end of the enclosing element, although it is not always explicitly specified.
Where <div> levels are nested, for example where the chapters of a novel are grouped into parts each of which may have its own title or number, the level attribute is used to indicate the depth of nesting. This is not strictly necessary (since an XML-aware processor retains this information) but has been added for the convenience of users of previous versions of the corpus, in which the level was explicitly coded into the name of the surrounding element (<div>, <div> etc.)
Note however that in some texts initial sentences (like ‘Monday, January 13th, 1986’ above) may have been misplaced, so that they appear at the start of an inner <div> rather than the start of its parent.
A sequence of paragraph-level elements of arbitrary length may precede the first structural subdivision at any level. A text may have no structural divisions within it at all. Note that any prefatory or appended matter not forming part of a text will not generally be captured: the tei elements <front> and <back> elements are not used.
Paragraph-level elements and chunks
- <p> (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose.(In addition to global attributes and those inherited from [att.rendered ] )
- <head> (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section or a poem.
- <quote> (quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text.
- <sp> (speech) An individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text.
- <lg> (line group) contains a group of verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc.
- <list> contains any sequence of items organized as a list.
- <note> contains a note or annotation.
- <bibl> (bibliographic citation) contains any bibliographic reference, occurring either within the header of a written corpus text in which case it has a fixed substructure, or within the body of a corpus text, in which case it contains only s elements.
Each of these elements contains one or more <s> elements, as discussed above; in some cases enclosed by an intermediate element. They are used chiefly to indicate the function of sections of the text, as indicated in the list above.
The following sections provide examples for the use of each of these elements.
Headings and captions
As shown above, the type attribute is used to distinguish more exactly the function of a heading.
Note that, in the BNC, captions or headings which ‘float’ within the text,
that is, which appear elsewhere than at the very beginning of the
section which they name, are not encoded as <head> elements. A <head> element
can appear only at the start of a text division and is logically
associated with it (for example, chapter titles, newspaper headlines
etc.). Paragraphs which provide heading or captioning information,
but which are logically independent of
their position within a textual division (for example,
captions attached to pictures or figures,
or ‘pull-quotes’ embedded within the text) are represented in the same way as any other
paragraph of text, using the <p> element, but specifying the
value caption in their rend attribute.
Quotations
A quotation is an extract from some other work than the text itself which is embedded within it, for example as an epigraph or illustration. It is marked up using the <quote> element. This may contain any combination of other chunks (for example paragraphs, poems, lists) but may not directly contain phrase-level elements. A reference for the citation may also be contained within it.
Spoken paragraphs
The <sp> element is used only for speech which is presented as such in a written text, by contrast with the element <u> discussed in section Utterances, which is used only for speaker turns identified in a spoken text, i.e. one which has been transcribed from audio tape.
If present, a <speaker> element will appear only at the start of the <sp> element, followed by one or more <p> elements containing the actual speech.
Poetry
Poetry is distinguished from prose in the BNC where it is so presented in the original, for example as fragments of verse or song may appearing within or between paragraphs of prose. The <l> (line) element is used to mark each verse line; where there are several such lines, perhaps with a heading, they are grouped together using the <lg> (linegroup) element, and any title or heading present is marked with a <head> element.
Note that the <l> element is not used to mark typographic lineation. Layout information is not, in general, preserved in the BNC.
Lists
- <head> (heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section or a poem.(In addition to global attributes and those inherited from [att.rendered ] )
- <label> contains the label associated with an item in a list; in glossaries, marks the term being defined.
- <item> contains one component of a list.
A <list> element consists of an optional <head> element, followed by one or more <item> elements, each of which may optionally be preceded by a <label> element, used to hold the identifier or tag sometimes attached to a list item, for example ‘(a)’. It may also contain a word or phrase used for a similar purpose.
The <item> element may appear only inside lists. It contains the same mixture of elements as a paragraph, and may thus contain one or more nested lists. It may also contains a series of paragraphs, each marked with a <p> element.
Notes and citations
Annotations occurring in written texts, and bibliographic citations or references, have been marked up in some texts, using the <note> element.
Original notes may contain any mixture of other chunks, and may also contain paragraphs: they appear in written texts only. They may be relocated to the end of the section in which they appear.
Bibliographic references
Bibliographic citations or references within running texts may also be marked, using the <bibl> element; this is done in some texts only in the present version of the corpus.
Note that the <bibl> element used within corpus texts has none of the more detailed sub-elements described for it in Structured bibliographic record. Like all the other elements described in the present subsection, the <bibl> element appearing within corpus texts contains only <s> elements.
Phrase-level elements
Page breaks
Highlighted phrases
The former is used where the whole of the content of one of the elements <bibl>, <corr>, <div>, <head>, <item>, <l>, <label>, <list>, <p>, <quote> or <stage>function is highlighted. The latter is used on all other occasions. The values available for the rend attribute in either case and their significance are as listed above in either case.
It should be noted that the purpose of the rend attribute is not to provide information adequate to the needs of a typesetter, but simply to record some qualitative information about the original.
Like all other phrase-level elements, each <hi> element must be entirely contained by an <s> element. This implies that where, for example, a bolded passage contains more than one sentence, or an italicised phrase begins in one verse line and ends in another, the <hi> element must be closed at the end of the enclosing element, and then re-opened within the next.
Spoken texts
Basic structure: spoken texts
The spoken material transcribed for the BNC is also organized into ‘texts’, which are subdivided into ‘divisions’, made up of <w> and <mw> elements grouped into <s> elements in the same way as written texts. However there a number of other elements specific to spoken texts, and their hierarchic organization is naturally not the same as that of written texts. For this reason, a different element (<stext>) is used to represent a spoken text.
In demographically sampled spoken texts, each distinct conversation recorded by a given respondent is treated as a distinct <div> element. All the conversations from a single respondent are then grouped together to form a single <stext> element.
Context-governed spoken texts do not use the <div> element; each <stext> element containing a context-governed spoken text consists of a sequence of <u> elements again interspersed with a variety of empty elements used to indicate para-linguistic phenomena noticed by the transcribers.
The <s> elements making up a spoken text are grouped not into <p> or other similar elements, but instead into <u> elements. Each <u> (utterance) element marks a stretch of uninterrupted speech from a given speaker; (see section Utterances), interspersed within and between it a variety of empty elements are used to indicate para-linguistic phenomena noticed by the transcribers (see section Paralinguistic phenomena).
The methods and principles applied in transcription and normalisation of speech are discussed in TGCW21 Spoken Corpus Transcription Guide and summarised in the appropriate part of the corpus header. The editorial tags discussed in section Editorial indications above are also used to represent normalisation practice when dealing with transcribed speech.
Utterances
PS1LW used here will be specified as
the value for the xml:id attribute of some <person>
element within the header of the text from which this example is
taken. A code ending PS000, PSUNK, or PS001 is used where the speaker cannot
be identified, prefixed by the identifier for the text.
Where there are several distinct, but
unidentified, speakers within the same text, distinct identifiers are
used.
Paralinguistic phenomena
- voice quality
- for example, whispering, laughing, etc., both as discrete events and as changes in voice quality affecting passages within an utterance.
- non-verbal but vocalised sounds
- for example, coughs, humming noises etc.
- non-verbal and non-vocal events
- for example passing lorries, animal noises, and other matters considered worthy of note.
- significant pauses
- silence, within or between utterances, longer than was judged normal for the speaker or speakers.
- unclear passages
- whole utterances or passages within them which were inaudible or incomprehensible for a variety of reasons.
- speech management phenomena
- for example truncation, false starts, and correction.
- overlap
- points at which more than one speaker was active.
In many cases, because no standardized set of descriptions was predefined, transcribers gave very widely differing accounts of the same phenomena. An attempt has however been made to normalize the descriptions for some of these elements in the BNC XML editions.
- <event> (Event) any phenomenon or occurrence, not necessarily vocalized or communicative, for example incidental noises or other events affecting communication.
- <pause> a pause either between or within utterances.
- <shift> (Shift) marks the point at which some paralinguistic feature of a series of utterances by any one speaker changes.
- <trunc> contains one or more truncated words in transcribed speech.
- <unclear> contains a word, phrase, or passage which cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
- <vocal> (Vocalized semi-lexical) any vocalized but not necessarily lexical phenomenon, for example voiced pauses, non-lexical backchannels, etc.
The value of the dur attribute is normally specified only if it is greater than 5 seconds, and its accuracy is only approximate.
With the exception of the <trunc> element, which is a special case of the editorial tags discussed in section Editorial indications above, all of these elements are empty, and may appear anywhere within a transcription.
Here the passage between the tags <shift new=laughing> and <shift> is spoken with a laughing intonation.
A list of values currently used for the new attribute is given below in section Voice quality codes.
Alignment of overlapping speech
The with attribute of an <align> element may be thought of as identifying some point in time. Where two or more <align> elements specify the same value for this attribute, their locations are assumed to be synchronised.
The header
The header of a TEI-conformant text provides a structured description of its contents, analogous to the title page and front matter of a book. The component elements of a TEI header are intended to provide in machine-processable form all the information needed to make sensible use of the Corpus.
Every separate text in the British National Corpus (i.e. each <bncDoc> element) has its own header, referred to below as a text header. In addition, the corpus itself has a header, referred to below as the corpus header, containing information which is applicable to the whole corpus, possibly with some local over-riding, as described in section. Both corpus and text headers are represented by <teiHeader> elements.
- <fileDesc> (File Description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file.
- <encodingDesc> (Encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived.
- <profileDesc> (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting.
- <revisionDesc> (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file.
The file description
- <titleStmt> (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its intellectual content.
- <editionStmt> (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text.
- <extent> specifies the approximate size of the text, in orthographic words, w elements, and s elements
- <publicationStmt> (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text.
- <sourceDesc> supplies a description of the source text(s) from which an electronic text was derived or generated.
Further detail for each of these is given in the following subsections.
The title statement
The title statement (<titleStmt>) element of a BNC text contains one or more <title> elements, optionally followed by <author>, <editor>, or <respStmt> elements. These sub-elements are used throughout the header, wherever the title of a work or a statement of responsibility are required.
The content of the <title> element includes the title of the source, followed by the phrase "Sample containing about", the approximate word count for the sample, and further information about the text type and domain, all extracted from other parts of the header. This is followed by responsibility statements showing which of the BNC Consortium members was responsible for capturing the text originally.
Author and editor information for the source from which a text is derived (e.g. the author of a book) is not included in the <filedesc> element but in the <sourceDesc> element discussed below (The source description ).
The extent statement
wc utility, which simply counts blank delimited
strings; the other figures give the number of <w> and
<s> elements respectively.The publication statement
- <distributor> supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text.
- <availability> supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, etc.
- <idno> (identifying number) supplies an identifying code for a text.(In addition to global attributes and those inherited from [model.biblPart ] )
The second identifier (of type old) is the old-style
mnemonic or numeric code attached to BNC texts in early releases of
the corpus, and used to label original printed source materials in the
BNC Archive. The first three character code (of type bnc)
is the standard BNC identifier. It is also used both for the filename in
which the text is stored and as the value supplied for the
xml:id attribute on the <bncDoc> element containing
the whole text, and should always be used to cite the text.
The source description
- <recordingStmt> (recording statement) describes a set of recordings used in transcription of a spoken text.
- <bibl> (bibliographic citation) contains any bibliographic reference, occurring either within the header of a written corpus text in which case it has a fixed substructure, or within the body of a corpus text, in which case it contains only s elements.
These elements are not used within the corpus header, which simply contains a note about the sources from which the corpus was derived, tagged as a <para> (paragraph). The headers of individual texts each contain one of the above elements to specify their source.
Context-governed spoken texts derived from broadcast or similar ‘published’ material may have either a recording statement or a bibliographic record as their source.
All bibliographic data supplied in the individual text headers is collected together and reproduced in section ?? below.
The recording statement
The value of the n attribute here provides the number of the audio tape holding the original recording, as deposited with the British Library's Sound Archive in London.
Structured bibliographic record
- <title> contains the full title of a work of any kind.(In addition to global attributes)
- <editor> (editor) secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc. (In addition to global attributes)
- <author> in a bibliographic reference, contains the name of the author(s), personal or corporate, of a work; the primary statement of responsibility for any bibliographic item. (In addition to global attributes)
- <imprint> groups information relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.(In addition to global attributes)
- <pp> supplies page numbers for a bibliographic citation.
During production of the BNC, the n attribute was used with both <author> and <imprint> elements to supply a six-letter code identifying the author or imprint concerned. The values used should be unique across the corpus, but this is not validated in the current release of the DTD.
Where ‘series’ information is available for a given title, this is not normally tagged distinctly. Instead the series title is given as part of the monographic title, usually preceded by a colon.
This level of bibliographic description has not been carried out with complete consistency across the current release of the corpus.
The encoding description
The second major component of the TEI header is the encoding description (<encodingDesc>). This contains information about the relationship between an encoded text and its original source and describes the editorial and other principles employed throughout the corpus. It also contains reference information used throughout the corpus.
- <projectDesc> (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected.
- <samplingDecl> (sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in sampling texts in the creation of a corpus or collection.
- <editorialDecl> (editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text.
- <tagsDecl> (tagging declaration) provides information about the XML elements actually used within a BNC text
- <refsDecl> (references declaration) provides documentation for the reference system applicable to the corpus.
- <classDecl> (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text.
- <xairaSpecification> specifies additional information needed by xaira.
In the BNC, one of each of these elements appears in the corpus header. Only the <tagsDecl> element appears in the individual text headers.
Documentary components of the encoding description
The <projectDesc> element for the corpus gives a brief description of the goals, organization and results of the BNC project. The <samplingDecl>, <editorialDecl> and <refsDecl> elements similarly supply brief prose descriptions It is reproduced in section The BNC corpus header below.
The tagging declaration
The reference and classification declarations
- <taxonomy> (taxonomy) defines a typology used to classify texts either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy.
- <desc> (description) supplies explanatory text associated with a category or other component defined in the corpus header
- <category> (category) defines a single category within a taxonomy of texts.
- <bibl> (bibliographic citation) contains any bibliographic reference, occurring either within the header of a written corpus text in which case it has a fixed substructure, or within the body of a corpus text, in which case it contains only s elements.
A full list of all category codes, and the numbers of texts so classified in the current release of the corpus is provided in section Text and genre classification codes.
Further information about the classification and categorization of an individual texts is provided within the <textClass> element discussed below (Text classification )
The profile description
- <creation> contains information about the creation of a text.(In addition to global attributes)
- <particDesc> (participation description) describes the identifiable speakers, voices, or other participants in a linguistic interaction. (In addition to global attributes and those inherited from [att.declarable ] )
- <settingDesc> (setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, either as a prose description or as a series of setting elements.
- <langUsage> (language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects etc. represented within a text.
- <textClass> (text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc.
The creation element
This element is provided to record the date of first publication of individual published texts, and any details concerning the origination of any spoken or written texts, whether or not covered elsewhere. It is supplied in every text header, although the details provided vary. As a minimum, a date (tagged with the standard <date> element) will be included; this gives the date the content of this text was first created. For a spoken text, this will be the same as the date of the recording; for a written text, it will normally be the date of first publication.
For imaginative works, the creation date is also the date used to
classify the text (by means of the WRITIM category). For
other written works, such as textbooks, which are likely to have been
extensively revised since their first publication, the date used to
classify the text will be that of the edition described in the
<sourceDesc>, but the original date will also be recorded
within the <creation> element.
The <langUsage> element
The participant description
The participant description (<particDesc>) element is used to provide information about speakers of texts transcribed for the BNC. It appears only within individual spoken text headers to define the participants specific to those texts.
It contains a series of <person> elements describing the participants whose speech is transcribed in this text.
The person element
- <person> provides information about an identifiable individual, for
example a participant in a language interaction, or a person referred
to in a historical source.
- ageGroup
- specifies the age group to which the participant belongs.
- dialect
- specifies the dialect or accent of a participant's speech, as identified by the respondent.
- firstLang
- specifies the country of origin of the participant, as identified by the respondent.
- n
- internal identifier
- educ
- specifies the age at which the participant ceased full-time education.
- soc
- specifies the social class of the participant.
- sex
- specifies the sex of the participant.
- role
- describes the relationship or role of this participant with respect to the respondent.
- xml:id
- provides the unique identifier for this element.
The xml:id attribute is required for each participant whose speech is included in a text, and its value is unique within the corpus. Although a given individual will always have the same identifier within a single text, there is no way of identifying the same individual should they appear in different texts. Since all demographically sampled conversations collected by a single respondent are treated together as a single text, this is however rather unlikely.
On many occasions the speaker of a given utterance cannot be identified. A special code is used to indicate an unknown speaker, but, for consistency, this is also made unique to each text. Thus, an "unknown speaker" in one text will have different identifying code from an "unknown speaker" in another.
Where several speakers speak together, if they are identified, then all of the relevant codes are given; if however they are not, then a special "unknown speakere group" code is used.
- <persName> (personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including any or all of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc.
- <age> specifies the age in years of a recorded participant at the time of the recording in which they participate.
- <occupation> contains an informal description of a person's trade, profession or occupation.
- <dialect> contains an informal description of the regional variety of English used by a participant in a spoken text.
- <persNote> contains any additional information supplied about a participant in a spoken text
In each case, the information provided is that given by the respondent and is taken from the log books issued to all participants in the demographic part of the corpus. It has not been normalized.
In the context-governed part of the corpus however, there is no
respondent and relationship information must be deduced from the other
information provided. The role attribute for
<person> elements in these texts will usually have the value
unspecified.
The setting description
- <date> contains a date in any format.(In addition to global attributes)
- <locale> (locale) contains a brief informal description of the nature of a place for example a room, a restaurant, a park bench etc.
- <activity> (activity) contains a brief informal description of what a participant in a language interaction is doing other than speaking, if anything.
- <placeName> (place name) contains an absolute or relative place name.
Text classification
- <catRef> (category reference) provides a list of codes identifying the categories to which
this text has been assigned, each code referencing a category element
declared in the corpus header.
- <classCode> (classCode) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system.
- <keywords> (Keywords) contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text.(In addition to global attributes)
A <catRef> element is provided in the header of each
text. Its target attribute contains values for each of
the classification codes listed in the following table and defined in
the corpus header. In each case, the classification code consists of a
code used as the identifier of a <category> element within a
<taxonomy> element defined in the corpus header (see above,
). For example: ALLTIM1 indicates ‘dated
1960-1974’. A list of the values used is given in section Text and genre classification codes below.
This taxonomy is that originally defined for selection and
description of texts during the design of the corpus, as further
discussed elsewhere. It is of course possible to classify the texts in
many other ways, and no claim is made that this method is universally
applicable or even generally useful, though it does serve to identify
broadly distinct sub-parts of the corpus for investigation. The reader
is also cautioned that, although an attempt has been made in the
current edition of the corpus to correct the more egregious
classification errors noted in the first edition, unquestionably many
errors and inconsistencies remain. In particular, the categories WRILEV
(perceived level of difficulty) and WRISTA (estimated circulation
size) were incorrectly differentiated during the preparation of the corpus
and cannot be relied on.
A <classCode> element is also provided for every text in the corpus. This contains the code assigned to the text in a genre-based analysis carried out at Lancaster University by David Lee since publication of the first edition of the BNC. Lee's scheme which is further described in an article (Leeref) classes the texts more delicately in most cases since it takes into account their topic or subject matter.
Lee's scheme is also used as the basis of a very simple categorization for each text, which is provided by means of the type attribute on its <text> or <stext> element. This categorization distinguishes six categories for written text (fiction, academic prose, non-academic prose, newspapers, other published, unpublished), and two for spoken text (conversation, other); It may be found a convenient way of distinguishing the major text types represented in the corpus.
In the first release of the BNC, most texts were assigned a set of
descriptive keywords, tagged as <term> elements within the <keywords>
element. These terms were not taken from any particular descriptive
thesaurus or closed vocabulary; the words or phrases used are those
which seemed useful to the data preparation agency concerned, and are
thus often inconsistent or even misleading. They have been retained
unchanged in the present version of the BNC, pending a more thorough
revision. In the World (second) Edition this set of keywords was
complemented for most written texts by a second set, also
tagged using a <keywords> element, but with a value for its
source attribute of COPAC, indicating that
the terms so tagged are derived from a different source. The source
used was a major online library catalogue service (see
http://www.copac.ac.uk). Like other public access catalogue systems, COPAC uses a
well-defined controlled list of keywords for its subject indexing,
details of which are not further given here.
The revision description
Wordclass Tagging in BNC XML
Introduction
The wordclass tagging1 has not changed significantly between the BNC World edition (2001) and the BNC XML edition (2006). In particular, no attempt has been made to completely retag the corpus, desirable though this might be. Changes have been made in the treatment of multiword units and some additional annotation has been provided (see Additional annotation in BNC XML , but in most respects the wordclass information provided by the corpus now is identical to that provided with the first release of the BNC in 1994.
The BNC is wordclass tagged using a set of 57 tags (known as C5)
which we refer to as the "BNC Basic Tagset". (There are also 4
punctuation tags, excluded from consideration here.) Each C5 tag
represents a grammatical class of words, and consists of a partially
mnemonic sequence of three characters: e.g. NN1 for
"singular common noun".
The BNC, consisting of c.100 million words, was tagged
automatically, using the CLAWS4 automatic tagger developed by Roger
Garside at Lancaster, and a second program, known as Template Tagger,
developed chiefly by Mike Pacey. (Further details are given below, and also in R. Garside, G. Leech and
T. McEnery, 1997 (eds.), Corpus Annotation: Linguistic
Information from Computer Text Corpora, London: Longman,
chapters 7-9). With such a large corpus, there was no opportunity to
undertake post-editing2 i.e. disambiguation and
correction of tagging errors produced by the automatic tagger, and so
the errors (about 1.15 per cent of all words) remain in the
distributed form of the corpus. In addition, the distributed form of
the corpus contains ambiguous taggings (c.3.75 per cent of all words),
shown in the form of ambiguity tags (also called ‘portmanteau tags’),
consisting of two C5 tags linked by a hyphen:
e.g. VVD-VVN. These tags indicate that the automatic
tagger was unable to determine, with sufficient confidence, which was
the correct category, and so left two possibilities for users to
disambiguate themselves, if they should wish to do so. For example, in
the case of VVD-VVN, the first (preferred) tag, say for a word such as
wanted, is VVD: past tense of lexical verb; and the second (less
favoured) tag is VVN: past participle of lexical verb. On the whole,
the likelihood of the first tag of an ambiguity tag being correct is
over 3 to 1 — see, however, details of individual tags in Table 23. Estimated ambiguity and error rates for the whole corpus (fine-grained calculation) of the error report document.
After the automatic tagging, some manual tagging was undertaken to correct some particularly blatant errors, mainly foreign or classical words embedded in English text. CLAWS is not very successful at detecting these foreign words and tagging them with their appropriate tag (UNC), except when they form part of established expressions such as ad hoc or nom de plume - in which case they are normally given tags appropriate to their grammatical function, e.g. as nouns or adverbs.
The main purpose of the report on estimated error rates is to document the rather small percentage of ambiguities and errors remaining in the tagged BNC, so that users of the corpus can assess the accuracy of the tagging for their own purposes. Since not surprisingly we have been unable to inspect each of the 100 million tags in the BNC, we have had to estimate ambiguity rates and error rates on the basis of a manual post-editing of a corpus sample of 50,000 words. The estimate is based on twenty-four 2,000-word text extracts and two 1,000-word extracts, selected so as to be as far as possible representative of the whole corpus.
Tokenization: splitting the text into words
Regarding the segmentation of a text into individual word-tokens (called tokenization), our tagging practice in general follows the default assumption that an orthographic word (separated by spaces, with or without punctuation, from adjacent words) is the appropriate unit for wordclass tagging. There are, however, exceptions to this. For example, a single orthographic word may consist of more than one grammatical word: in the case of enclitic verb contractions (as in she’s, they’ll, we’re) and negative contractions (as in don’t, isn’t, won’t), it is appropriate to assign two diferent wordclass tags to the same orthographic word. A full list of such contracted forms recognized by CLAWS and preserved in the XML markup is given in section Contracted forms and multiwords.
Also quite frequent is the opposite circumstance, where two or more
orthographic words are given a single wordclass tag: e.g. multiword
adverbs such as of course and in short, and
multiword prepositions such as instead of and up to
are each assigned a single word tag (AV0 for adverbs,
PRP for prepositions). Sometimes, whether such
orthographic sequences are to be treated as a single word for tagging
purposes depends on the context and its interpretation. In
short is in some circumstances not an adverb but a sequence of
preposition + adjective (eg. in short, sharp bursts ). Up
to in some contexts needs to be treated as a sequence of two
grammatical words: adverbial-particle +
preposition-or-infinitive-marker (eg. We had to phone her up to
get the code.).
In one respect, we have allowed the orthographic occurrence of
spaces to be criterial. This is in the tagging of compound words such
as markup, mark-up and mark up. Since English
orthographic practice is often variable in such matters, the same
‘compound’ expression may occur in the corpus tagged as two words (if
they are separated by spaces) or as one word (if the sequence is
printed solid or with a hyphen). Thus mark up (as a noun)
will be tagged NN1 AVP, whereas markup or
mark-up will be tagged simply NN1.
Tagging Guidelines and Borderline Cases
Many detailed decisions have to be made in deciding how to draw the line between the correct and the incorrect assignment of a tag. So that the concept of what is a ‘correct’ or ‘accurate’ annotation can be determined, there have to be detailed guidelines of tagging practice. These are constitute the Wordclass Tagging Guidelines.
VVG), an adjective (AJ0) or a singular
common noun (NN1). The difference may be illustrated by the three
examples:
The assignment of an example of ‘Verb+ing’ to the adjective category relies heavily on a semantic criterion, viz. the ability to paraphrase Verb+ing Noun by ‘Noun + Relative Clause that/which/who be Verb+ing’ or ‘that/which/who Verb(s)’ (e.g. the rising sun = the sun which is/was rising; a working mother = a mother who works). These contrast with a case such as dining table, where the first word dining is judged to be a noun. The reason for this is that the paraphrasable meaning of the expression is not ‘a table which is/was dining or dines’, but rather ‘a table (used) for dining’. Although somewhat arbitrary, this relative clause test is well established in English grammatical literature, and such criteria are useful in enabling a reasonable degree of consistency in tagging practice to be achieved, so that the success rate of corpus tagging can be checked and evaluated. (See further Adjective vs. noun)
VVG or NN1, and in such a case one would be tempted to leave the ambiguity (VVG-NN1) in the corpus, showing uncertainty where any grammarian would be likely to acknowledge it. However, in our calculations of ambiguity, we have adhered to the common assumption that ideally, all tags should be correctly disambiguated. Other examples of unresolvability from the sample texts are:
In practice, in our post-edited sample, we chose the first tag to be correct in these cases.
Ambiguity tags, and the principle of asymmetry
- AJ0 general adjective (positive)
- NN2 plural common noun
- AV0 general adverb
- NP0 proper noun
- AVP adverbial particle
- PNI indefinite pronoun
- AVQ wh- adverb PRP general preposition
- CJS general subordinator
- VVB lexical verb: finite base form
- CJT subordinator: that
- VVD lexical verb: past tense;
- CRD cardinal numeral
VVGlexical verb: present participle (-ing form)- DT0 determiner-pronoun
- VVN lexical verb: past participle
- NN1 singular common noun
- VVZ lexical verb: -s form
The permitted ambiguity tags are listed in the Wordclass tagging guidelines (Ambiguity Tag list).
It will be noted that overall 30 ambiguity tags are recognized. We
also observe that each ambiguity tag (eg VVD-VVN) is
matched by another ambiguity tag which is its mirror image (eg
VVN-VVD). The ordering of tags is significant: it is the
first of the two tags which is estimated by the tagger to be the more
likely. Hence the interpretation of an ambiguity tag X-Y may be
expressed as follows: ‘There is not sufficient confidence to choose
between tags X and Y; however, X is considered to be more likely.’
Guidelines to the Wordclass Tagging
Preliminaries
The BNC basic tagset
| Tag | Description |
| AJ0 | Adjective (general or positive) (e.g. good, old, beautiful) |
| AJC | Comparative adjective (e.g. better, older) |
| AJS | Superlative adjective (e.g. best, oldest) |
| AT0 | Article (e.g. the, a, an, no) |
| AV0 | General adverb: an adverb not subclassified as AVP or AVQ (see below) (e.g. often, well, longer (adv.), furthest. |
| AVP | Adverb particle (e.g. up, off, out) |
| AVQ | Wh-adverb (e.g. when, where, how, why, wherever) |
| CJC | Coordinating conjunction (e.g. and, or, but) |
| CJS | Subordinating conjunction (e.g. although, when) |
| CJT | The subordinating conjunction that |
| CRD | Cardinal number (e.g. one, 3, fifty-five, 3609) |
| DPS | Possessive determiner-pronoun (e.g. your, their, his) |
| DT0 | General determiner-pronoun: i.e. a determiner-pronoun which is not a DTQ or an AT0. |
| DTQ | Wh-determiner-pronoun (e.g. which, what, whose, whichever) |
| EX0 | Existential there, i.e. there occurring in the there is ... or there are ... construction |
| ITJ | Interjection or other isolate (e.g. oh, yes, mhm, wow) |
| NN0 | Common noun, neutral for number (e.g. aircraft, data, committee) |
| NN1 | Singular common noun (e.g. pencil, goose, time, revelation) |
| NN2 | Plural common noun (e.g. pencils, geese, times, revelations) |
| NP0 | Proper noun (e.g. London, Michael, Mars, IBM) |
| ORD | Ordinal numeral (e.g. first, sixth, 77th, last) . |
| PNI | Indefinite pronoun (e.g. none, everything, one [as pronoun], nobody) |
| PNP | Personal pronoun (e.g. I, you, them, ours) |
| PNQ | Wh-pronoun (e.g. who, whoever, whom) |
| PNX | Reflexive pronoun (e.g. myself, yourself, itself, ourselves) |
| POS | The possessive or genitive marker 's or ' |
| PRF | The preposition of |
| PRP | Preposition (except for of) (e.g. about, at, in, on, on behalf of, with) |
| PUL | Punctuation: left bracket - i.e. ( or [ |
| PUN | Punctuation: general separating mark - i.e. . , ! , : ; - or ? |
| PUQ | Punctuation: quotation mark - i.e. ' or " |
| PUR | Punctuation: right bracket - i.e. ) or ] |
| TO0 | Infinitive marker to |
| UNC | Unclassified items which are not appropriately considered as items of the English lexicon. |
| VBB | The present tense forms of the verb BE, except for is, 's: i.e. am, are, 'm, 're and be [subjunctive or imperative] |
| VBD | The past tense forms of the verb BE: was and were |
| VBG | The -ing form of the verb BE: being |
| VBI | The infinitive form of the verb BE: be |
| VBN | The past participle form of the verb BE: been |
| VBZ | The -s form of the verb BE: is, 's |
| VDB | The finite base form of the verb BE: do |
| VDD | The past tense form of the verb DO: did |
| VDG | The -ing form of the verb DO: doing |
| VDI | The infinitive form of the verb DO: do |
| VDN | The past participle form of the verb DO: done |
| VDZ | The -s form of the verb DO: does, 's |
| VHB | The finite base form of the verb HAVE: have, 've |
| VHD | The past tense form of the verb HAVE: had, 'd |
| VHG | The -ing form of the verb HAVE: having |
| VHI | The infinitive form of the verb HAVE: have |
| VHN | The past participle form of the verb HAVE: had |
| VHZ | The -s form of the verb HAVE: has, 's |
| VM0 | Modal auxiliary verb (e.g. will, would, can, could, 'll, 'd) |
| VVB | The finite base form of lexical verbs (e.g. forget, send, live, return) [Including the imperative and present subjunctive] |
| VVD | The past tense form of lexical verbs (e.g. forgot, sent, lived, returned) |
| VVG | The -ing form of lexical verbs (e.g. forgetting, sending, living, returning) |
| VVI | The infinitive form of lexical verbs (e.g. forget, send, live, return) |
| VVN | The past participle form of lexical verbs (e.g. forgotten, sent, lived, returned) |
| VVZ | The -s form of lexical verbs (e.g. forgets, sends, lives, returns) |
| XX0 | The negative particle not or n't |
| ZZ0 | Alphabetical symbols (e.g. A, a, B, b, c, d) |
Total number of wordclass tags in the BNC basic tagset = 57, plus 4 punctuation tags
Ambiguity Tag list
In addition, there are 30 "Ambiguity Tags". These are applied
wherever the probabilities assigned by the CLAWS
automatic tagger to its first and second choice tags were
considered too low for reliable disambiguation. So, for example, the
ambiguity tag AJ0-AV0 indicates that the choice between
adjective (AJ0) and adverb (AV0) is left
open, although the tagger has a preference for an adjective
reading. The mirror tag, AV0-AJ0, again shows
adjective-adverb ambiguity, but this time the more likely reading is
the adverb.
Total number of wordclass tags including punctuation and ambiguity tags = 91.
Appearance of wordclass tags and citations
Throughout this section, we will show text examples in a format which is different from the XML contained in the corpus but which will highlight the particular tag that is being discussed. The XML tagging (for example, paragraph and pause markers) is not generally relevant to the present discussion and is usually invisible when using concordancing software such as Xaira, BNCWeb, or WordSmith.
As noted above, each word in the corpus is marked by an XML <w> element which provides three additional pieces of information the wordclass, carried by the c5 attribute, a headword or lemma derived from the word, carried by the hw attribute, and a simplified wordclass derived from the c5 value, carried by the pos attribute.
This is purely as an aid to reading the present document; in the corpus itself, all wordclass tagging is represented using the XML conventions shown above....apparently we eat more chocolate than_CJS any other country. [G3U.1000]
VVB, but the actual tag as AV0: Note also that we occasionally use invented examples, rather than corpus citations, especially where a contrast between categories is being made.Tears well_VVB up in my eyes.[BN3.5 *AV0]
Appearance and tagging of contracted forms
doesn't = does_VDZ n't_XX0
dunno = Du_VDB n_XX0 no_VVI
wanna = wan_VVB na_TO0 or wan_VVB na_AT0
gimme = Gim_VVB me_PNP
This procedure sometimes results in strange-looking word divisions, particularly with the fused words. However, they do provide a ready means of comparison with the full forms, such as want_VVB to_TO0 and give_VVB me_PNP.
Appearance and tagging of multiwords
The term `multiwords' denotes multiple-word combinations which CLAWS determines function as one wordclass - for example, a complex preposition, an adverbial, or a foreign expression naturalised into English as a compound noun. In the XML version of the corpus, these sequences are explicitly markeed using an XML element (<mw>). The individual orthographic words of which the sequence is composed are also marked, in the same way as other words, using the <w> element.
When displaying examples which contain multiwords in this chapter, we display only the wordclass of the outermost <mw> element. Its boundaries are indicated, where possible, by extra highlighting:<mw c5="AV0"> <w c5="PRF" lemma="of" pos="PREP">of </w> <w c5="NN1" lemma="course" pos="SUBST">course </w> </mw>
Of course_AV0 I can. [H9V.212]
The wordclass tags assigned to constituent parts of multiword items are listed in Contracted forms and multiwords. This part of the wordclass tagging was done automatically during the XML conversion process, and has not been checked by CLAWS.
The stage in between_PRP the original negative and the dupe is called an interpositive [FB8.295]
The truth lies somewhere in between_AV0 [ABK.2834]
but_CJC for_PRP years now darkness has been growing [F99.2027] cf.
which they would not have done but for_PRP the presence of the police. [H81.766]
Introduction to Word Classes
Nouns
Common nouns
NN1, while plurals take NN2:
A child_NN1.
Several children_NN2
An air_NN1 of distinction_NN1
Fifteen miles_NN2 away
NN0:Now the government_NN0 is considering new warnings on steroids ... [K24.3057]
... the Government_NN0 are putting people's lives in jeopardy. [A7W.518]
I caught a fish_NN0.[KBW.316]
I had caught four fish_NN0 with hardly any effort[B0P.1387]
Cheese_NN1 is a protein of high biological value. [ABB.1950]
three cheeses_NN2. [CH6.7834]
A car_NN1 glistens in the distance_NN1. [HH0.1035]
Three cars_NN2, two lorries_NN2 and a motorbike_NN1! [CHR.290]
NN0 as they are invariant for number. Crewe are top of div_NN1 3 by 8 points [J1C.961] (where div = division)
1 km_NN0
400 km_NN0 (km = 'kilometre' or 'kilometres')
1 oz_NN0.
6 oz_NN0 (oz = 'ounce' or 'ounces')
Nouns such as hundred, hundreds, dozens, gross, are all tagged as numbers,
CRD, rather than nouns.
Proper nouns
Sally_NP0; Joe_NP0 Bloggs_NP0; Madame_NP0 Pompadour_NP0; Leonardo_NP0 da_NP0 Vinci_NP0 London_NP0; Lake_NP0 Tanganyika_NP0; New_NP0 York_NP0 April_NP0; Sunday_NP0
- Number
- Note that the distinction between singular and plural proper
nouns is not indicated in the tagset, plural proper nouns being a
comparative rarity:
John_NP0 Smith_NP0. All of the Smiths_NP0.
- Multiwords
- Note also that proper nouns are not processed as multiwords (though there may be good linguistic reasons for doing so). Each word in such a sequence gets its own tag.
- Initials
-
A person's initials preceding a surname are tagged
NP0, just as the surname itself. The choice whether to use a space and/or full-stop between initials (eg J.F. or J. F. or J F or JF) is determined by the original source text; the tagged version follows the same format.John F. Kennedy = John_NP0 F._NP0 Kennedy_NP0 J. F. Kennedy = J._NP0 F._NP0 Kennedy_NP0 J.F. Kennedy = J.F._NP0 Kennedy_NP0
In the spoken part of the BNC, however, the components of names — and, in fact, most words — that are spelt aloud as individual letters, such as I B M, and J R in J R Hartley, are not tagged
NP0butZZ0(letter of the alphabet). See below - Nouns of style
- Geographical names
-
For names of towns, streets, countries and states, seas, oceans, lakes, rivers, mountains and other geographical placenames, the general rule is to tag as
NPO. If the word the precedes, it is taggedAT0:East_NP0 Timor_NP0
South_NP0 Carolina_NP0
Baker_NP0 Street_NP0
West_NP0 Harbour_NP0 Lane_NP0
the_AT0 United_NP0 Kingdom_NP0
the_AT0 Baltic_NP0
the_AT0 Indian_NP0 Ocean_NP0
Mount_NP0 St_NP0 Helens_NP0
the_AT0 Alps_NP0Other tags are used for the constituents of more verbose (especially political) descriptions of placenames, or those that are not typically marked on maps:Latin_AJ0 America_NP0
Western_AJ0 Europe_NP0
the_AT0 Western_AJ0 Region_NN1
the_AT0 People_NN0's_POS Republic_NN1 of_PRF China_NP0
the_AT0 Dominican_AJ0 Republic_NN1
the_AT0 Sultanate_NN1 of_PRF Oman_NP0 - Non-personal and non-geographical names
- Where names of organisations, sports teams, commercial products (incl
newspapers), shops, restaurants, horses, ships etc.
consist of ordinary words (common nouns, adjectives etc.),
they receive ordinary tags (
NN1,AJ0etc.). Only if a word used as part of a name is an existing NP0 (typically a personal or geographical name), or a specially-coined word, is it taggedNP0. Some examples follow:- Organisations, sports teams etc.
There is a slight inconsistency here, in that acronyms of organisation names (WHO, NATO, IBM etc.) takeCable_NN1 and_CJC Wireless_NN1
Procter_NP0 and_CJC Gamble_NP0 Acorn_NN1 Marketing_NN1 Limited_AJ0
Minolta_NP0; IBM_NP0; NATO_NP0
Wolverhampton_NP0 Wanderers_NN2 ( football_NN1 club_NN1 )
Tottenham_NP0 Hotspur_NP0 (football_NN1 club_NN1 )
The_AT0 Chicago_NP0 Bears_NN2
Spartak_NP0 Moscow_NP0
World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organisation_NN1
Oxfam_NP0NP0, whereas the expanded forms of these names take regular tags.- Products (including newspapers and magazines)
- Shops, pubs, restaurants, hotels, horses, ships etc.
Here again NP0 is reserved for parts of names that are specially coined, or derived from existing personal/geographical proper nouns.Body_NN1 Shop_NN1
Mothercare_NP0
The_AT0 Grand_AJ0 Theatre_NN1
Sainsburys_NP0 supermarket_NN1
The_AT0 King_NN1 's_POS Arms_NN2
The_AT0 Ritz_NP0
Red_AJ0 Rum_NN1
Aldaniti_NP0
The_AT0 Bounty_NN1
The_AT0 Titanic_NP0
Verbs
- type
- The second character of a verb tag marks the type of verb as follows:
- Inflection
- The third character of a verb tag marks the verb inflection as follows:
- be, have, and do
-
Auxiliary and main uses of these verbs are not distinguished: .
she is_VBZ playing her best tennis for six years. [CH3.1382]
she is_VBZ just a star. [CH3.6939]
John has_VHZ built a set of bookshelves. [C9X.121]
John has_VHZ great courage. [CA9.1869]
We did_VDD n't_XX0 see anybody. [KB2.702]
They do_VDB nice work. [ANY.514] - Lexical verbs
- Tags beginning VV- apply to all other (lexical) verbs.
She travels_VVZ in every Saturday morning. [KRH.4013]
The young kids want_VVB to dance_VVI and have fun [CHA.1599]
I thought_VVD he looked_VVD a sad sort of a boy. [CDY.2831]
...after running_VVG out of coal, the crew were forced_VVN to burn_VVI timber and resin [HPS.269] - Modals
- Contracted forms
- Subjunctives and Imperatives
- No special tags are used for these:
She suggested that they get_VVB married. [CBC.12107]
Please be_VBB patient. [CHJ.899]
Do_VDBn't_XX0 just stand there watching! [ACB.3470] - Catenative or semi-auxiliary verbs
- Again, no special tagging is used for such forms as going
to, ought to, or used to + infinitive:
you're not going_VVG to_TO0 get killed [KCE.6550]
you ought_VM0 to_TO0 let them know. [KCT.6115]
Adjectives
Adjectives are given one of the wordclass tags AJ0,
AJC, or AJS.
AJ0) subsumes:
- Predicative and attributive uses
The ground was dry_AJ0 and dusty_AJ0 [GWA.118]
The dust from the dry_AJ0 ground [GWA.121]- Quasi-comparatives and quasi-superlatives
-
Adjectives which have a heightening or downtoning effect rather like that of comparatives and superlatives,
but which do not behave syntactically like comparatives or superlatives, are treated as ordinary adjectives.
Examples include utter, upper and
uppermost:
Events in Eastern Europe were evidently uppermost_AJ0 in Mr Li's mind. [A95.366]
Family contacts were very important in uniting the upper_AJ0 classes [FB6.1495] - Adjectives used catenatively
- For example, able and
unable:
Will you be able_AJ0 to manage? (catenative)
Your son is very able_AJ0 (non-catenative)
AJC;
superlatives take AJS:
A faster_AJC car.
The best_AJS in its class.
Ambiguities frequently arise between adjectives and other wordclasses, in particular adverbs, nouns and participles.
Adverbs
Adverbs are given one of the tags
AV0, AVQ, or AVP
AV0 is the default tag for adverbs. It incorporates a very mixed bag, including:
- adverbs of time, manner, place etc.
- Eg slowly; here; soon
- degree adverbs
- Eg very and rather in
very_AV0 tall_AJ0
rather_AV0 painfully_AV0 - sentence adverbs
- for example:
However_AV0, …
In_AV0 addition - postnominal adverbs
- for example:
aged between 2 and 11 years inclusive_AV0 [AMD.31]
the buildings thereon_AV0 [J16.813]
during 1986-91 inclusive_AV0 [FT0.1400]
Diamonds galore_AV0 [FPH.900] - discourse markers
- such as well,
right, like:
you know like_AV0, it's worthwhile opening a cinema at 4 o'clock... [F7A.358]
Note that adverbs, unlike adjectives, are not tagged as positive, comparative, or superlative. This is because of the relative rarity of comparative and superlative adverbs.
AVQ whether the word occurs in interrogative
or relative use.
"When_AVQ do your courses start?" [A0F.3117]
"...if you let me know when_AVQ the police are called in." [BMU.2291]
Yet why_AVQ is that so? [CR7.3089]
Ordinal-type adverbs (including first, fourth,
etc.) are treated separately with the
ORD tag
Prepositional Adverbs (also known as "Adverbial Particle") are
treated as prepositions and tagged AVP: see
Prepositions
Articles, determiners & pronouns
Articles, definite or indefinite, are tagged
AT0. Pronouns which act as determiners of various kinds
(all, which, your etc.) are given tags DPS,
DT0, or DTQ, and distinguished from
pronouns which do not have a determiner function. These are marked
using one of the tags PNP, PNI,
PNQ, or PNX depending on their function.
- Articles
- All articles are tagged
AT0. An article is defined here as a determiner word which typically begins a noun phrase, but which cannot occur as the head of a noun phrase. Examples include a/an, the, no and every:Have a_AT0 break
Every_AT0 year
There's no_AT0 time - Determiners
- Recognising that there is a high degree of formal and functional overlap between determiners and pronouns, we have conflated under the D-- heading
words that are capable of either function. We distinguish three classes of determiner pronouns:
- Determiner-Pronoun
- Words such as few, both, another are
tagged
DT0:free secondary education for all_DT0 [ECB.1610]
Few_DT0 diseases are incurable [GV1.1129]
for the benefit of the few_DT0 [HHX.10183] - Interrogative determiner-pronoun
- The wh- (interrogative) determiner-pronoun is tagged
DTQ. Which and what are always taggedDTQ:Which_DTQ country do you live in? [A7N.979]
And she didn't say which_DTQ? [KCF.351 ]
What_DTQ time is it? [A0N.406] - Prenominal possessive determiner pronoun
- Pronouns
- Relative pronouns
-
Which as a relative (or interrogative) pronoun is grouped with the other determiner-pronouns, and tagged
DTQ:Give 4 details which_DTQ should appear on an order form [HBP.417]
Meanwhile, that as a relative clause complementizer is treated with that as a complement clause complementizer, and taggedCJT:I got some currants that_CJT are left over [KST.3733]
this girl that_CJT Claire knows [KC7.1101]
He dismissed reports that_CJT his party was divided over tactics [A28.11]
We both knew that_CJT enough was enough. [FEX.268]
Prepositions and prepositional adverbs
- Prepositions
- Most prepositions are tagged
PRP, including a large number of multiword items. Examples include:at_PRP the Pompidou Centre in_PRP Paris [A04.325]
I use humour as_PRP a protection [FBL.356]
Heard about_PRP this have you? [KE6.9556]
According_PRP to ancient tradition, ...[A04.784]
Many disputes are dealt with by bodies other_PRP than courts. [F9B.4]
Nice walls and a big sky to look at_PRP. [A25.122] - Of
- The preposition of is assigned a special tag
PRFbecause of its frequency and its almost exclusively postnominal function. Examples:
. Note that numerous multiwords contain of, eg in front of, in light of, by means of, etc.a couple of_PRF cans of_PRF Coke[ AJN.283]
DNA consists of_PRF a string of_PRF four kinds of_PRF bases [AE7.107] - Prepositional adverbs/particles
- Preposition-type words which have no complement are tagged
AVP. Typical uses ofAVPare in phrasal verb constructions, or when it functions as a place adjunct:
There are many instances of ambiguity between PRP and AVP.We gave up_AVP after two hours. [KSV.1029]
there were a lot of horses around_AVP. [HR7.3101]
Conjunctions
- Co-ordinating conjunction
- Co-ordinators such as and, or, but,
nor etc are tagged
CJC:Fish and_CJC chips
James laughed and_CJC spilled wine. [A0N.136]
She was paralysed but_CJC she could still feel the pain. [FLY.529] - Subordinating conjunction
- All subordinating conjunctions are all tagged
CJSand introduce one of:- an adverbial clause (of time, reason, condition etc.)
"When_CJS you 've done it , you should go home,"[CRE.949]
I still stayed there after_CJS I heard the shooting [HW8.3263]
As_CJS you may know Scorton will again enter the Best Kept Village competition in 1992 [HPK.768]
Do send me an interim copy as_CJS soon as you can [HD3.69]
If_CJS it's wet just take your time. [KCL.554]- a comparative clause
- introduced by than or
as, and occurring with or without ellipsis:
It was worse than_CJS she could have imagined.[CH0.1315]
...apparently we eat more chocolate than_CJS any other country.[G3U.1000]
"it's as good as_CJS it's going to get."[K9K.199]
make the transporter as light as_CJS possible. [CA1.1113] - a nominal wh-clause
- containing whether or if
Can you tell me whether_CJS ivies do damage trees. [C9C.720]
- Complementary clause
- The conjunction that at the start of a clause introducing reported speech and thought, and also
at the start of a relative clause is tagged
CJT:Historians knew that_CJT this was nonsense.[G3C.363]
China announced that_CJT it was ending martial law in the Tibetan capital Lhasa. [KRU.95]
The problem that_CJT he was having was that_CJT she was his legal wife 's sister [HE3.210]
Numerals
Cardinal numbers and similar items are tagged
CRD. Ordinal numbers and similar items are tagged ORD.
- Numbers and fractions
- All cardinal numbers, numeral nouns, fractions and so on take the tag
CRD, whether they are written as words or numerals, and whether functioning nominally or prenominally. Examples:5_CRD out of 10_CRD[CGM.525]
one_CRD striking feature of the years 1929_CRD-31[A6G.134]
his first_ORD innings, when he scored forty_CRD-two, with seven_CRD fours_CRD [KJT.128]
Hundreds_CRD of people audition each year [K1S.2239]
About a dozen_CRD there. [HEU.131] - Ordinal numbers and similar
- Ordinal numbers are assigned
ORDin all syntactic positions, including adverbial positions, as in
. Note thatWe only came fourth_ORD in the county championship last_ORD year[EDT.1629]
ORDis also assigned to less overtly numeric words like next and last, even in clear adverbial, adjectival or nominal contexts. This is because next and last function like ordinals both syntactically and semantically. - Currency and measurement expressions
- Measurement expressions, consisting of numbers and a unit of measurement of some kind
(together as one word), are assigned a noun tag, usually
NN0(neutral for number) orNN2(plural):6kg_NN0
pound;600_NN0
12.5%_NN0
12&ins;_NN2 ( = 12 inches) - formulae
- Other sequences of numeric and alphabetic characters are assigned
UNC(unclassified) tags:Figure 2b_UNC [FTC.250]
Serial no. S835508_UNC [C9H.2282]
A4_UNC sheet of paper [CN4.296]
Mark drove home along the M1_UNC [AC2.2210]
Miscellaneous other tags
- Existential there
- The tag
EX0is used for there when it does not carry any real meaning: it merely states that something exists or existed. It occurs at the beginning of a clause and is usually followed by the verb be and an indefinite noun phrase; for example
Compare this with there when it has a clear locative meaning ('in/to that place'):There_EX0 was a long pause and then a smile [A4H.416]
Waiter! Waiter! There_EX0's an awful film on my soup! [CHR.657-9]
There_EX0 appears to be little alternative [ECE.2139]Don't stand there_AV0 grinning like a stuck pig [C85.1553]
- Interjection
- The tag
ITJis used for any interjection:
( For the distinction between ITJ and the unclassified tag, UNC, see Interjection vs. unclassified)Hello_ITJ, Nell.
Oi_ITJ - come here!
Yes_ITJ , please_AV0 do
No_ITJ not_XX0 yet_AV0 - Genitive morpheme
- The tag
POSis used for the genitive morpheme 's (singular) or ' (plural after an s):
Note the lack of space between the noun and the followingteacher_NN1 's_POS pet
teachers_NN2 '_POS petPOS, as 's is tokenized in the same way whether it represents a genitive or a contracted verb. See further on tagging of 's in apostrophe 'S - Infinitive marker
- The tag
TO0is used for the infinitive marker. This includes elliptical uses.
Note the morphological variation of to in the following colloquial forms:"Do you want to_TO0 talk about it?" [EFG.1935]
In the summer holidays I can , I can get up early if I want to_TO0 . [KPG.4153]We got_VVN ta_TO0 go
We wan_VVBna_TO0 stay. - Unclassified words
- The tag
UNCis used for unclassified (or unclassifiable) words. It is applied in contexts where no other wordclass tag seems appropriate, including- "Noise words" and pause fillers in spoken utterances; imitations of animal or machine sounds:
blah_UNC blah_UNC blah_UNC
er_UNC I think so - Certain fused forms (in written or spoken data) for which no other tag would be appropriate:
Methinks_UNC
That ai_UNC n't_XX0 right.
0.5 cm increments_UNC/30 seconds [HWT.282]
Fits with most lap/diagonal_UNC seat belts. [BNX.392] - Truncated words in speech. Partial words that are not completed by a
speaker, whether through hesitation or an interruption, are also
usually marked with the XML tags <trunc>; for example
the partial word bathr in the following:
The bathr_UNC data. er you can't beat a white bathroom suite anyway. [KCF.771]
- Partial repetitions of multiwords in spoken data.
Occasionally in spoken data, when a multiword sequence is used, it appears to be repeated, but only partially so. In the following example, the orthographic word sort is used twice:
We treat the first sort as an incomplete multiword, and tag itwe're going to sort sort of summarize... [G5X.106]
UNC(rather like truncated words, above). The complete multiword sort of is tagged AV0, as normally.we're going to sort_UNC sort of_AV0 summarize...
UNCandITJsee Interjection vs. unclassified. - "Noise words" and pause fillers in spoken utterances; imitations of animal or machine sounds:
- Negative particle
XX0is the tag for the negative particle not, and also for its contracted or fused form,Brown did_VDD n't _XX0see it that way. [A6W.338]
no, that is not_XX0 correct. [JK0.257]- Letter
ZZ0is used for a free-standing letter of the alphabet such as A, X, x, p, r . If however, the letter clearly represents a separate word, or an abbreviation of a separate word, we have tried to assign the appropriate POS-tag for the full form of that word, rather than ZZ0.For example,- I as personal pronoun is
PNPrather than ZZ0. - a as indefinite article is tagged
AT0 - F as in John F. Kennedy is tagged
NP0 - v meaning 'versus' is tagged
PRPin
Although the same should apply to v. the full-stop is liable to force a new sentence break. (See eg CHS.1076, EB2.19, EDL.313)Italy v_PRP New Zealand ... Hungary v_PRP Thailand [A1N.507].
- In spoken texts, words which are spelt out by the speaker are transcribed letter by
letter, and each letter is tagged ZZ0.
I_ZZ0 B_ZZ0 M_ZZ0 compatible [JYM.6]
children who go to the E_ZZ0 N_ZZ0 T_ZZ0 clinic [KB8.3807]
- I as personal pronoun is
Disambiguation Guide
You're not supposed to keep medicine that long_AV0. [H8Y.1976 *AV0-AJ0]
Note also that in this section we use a number of invented examples (in addition to corpus citations) to clarify the distinction between categories.
Disambiguation by Tag Pair
Adjective vs. adverb
We arrived tired_AJ0, but safe_AJ0 [CCP.529]
After a little he remembered it and sang out loud_AV0.[A0N.1144]-->
This sentence does not imply that he was loud, but is more or less equivalent to He sang out loudly. It means that his singing was loud.
You did great_AV0 though. [HH0.3248 *AV0-AJ0]
AJ0/AV0 word follows
an object:
everyone below 25 grew their hair too long_AJ0. [ARP.590 *AV0-AJ0]
(i.e. 'their hair was too long'.)
Try not to keep her too long_AV0. [FAB.3620 *AV0-AJ0]
(i.e. NOT 'she will be too long.')
Adjective vs. noun
AJ0) or noun (NN1). Colour words like black, white
and red are fairly consistent in allowing the two tags,
and may be used to illustrate the difference. In attributive
(premodifying) or predicative (complementing) positions without
further modification these words are normally adjectives:
When the word is the head of a noun phrase, on the other hand, it is a noun:a white_AJ0 screen, The screen is white_AJ0.
Red_NN1 is my favourite colour.
They painted the wall a brilliant white_NN1.
All past_AJ0 and present_AJ0 employees of the branch are invited. [K99.216]
*These needs are past, present, and future.
(Note that present can be used as a predicative adjective meaning the opposite of absent; but this meaning is not comparable to the temporal meanings of past, present and future above.)
You're living in the past_NN1. [HGS.1045]
I don't even want to think about the future_NN1. [JY4.2864]
The only reason for treating past and present in the example above as adjectives is that they have an institutionalized meaning as modifiers, which is rather different from the meaning they have as nouns. Further examples of this type are words such as model in model behaviour, giant in a giant caterpillar and vintage in vintage cars.
NN1 (noun) or AJ0 (adjective).
Contrast:
new spending_NN1 plans [CEN.5922]
a working_AJ0 mother [ED4.153]
his reading_NN1 ability [CFV.1897]
in the coming_AJ0 weeks [HKU.1333]
AJ0).
That is, a word ending -ing is an adjective when it is the
notional subject of the noun it premodifies. For example:
two smiling_AJ0 children [HTT.743] ('two children who are smiling')
Determiner-pronoun vs. adverb
DT0 or AV0. The difference between them is that DT0 is for noun-phrase-like
(and determiner-like) uses of the word in question, whereas AV0
is for adverbial uses. The two can be hard to distinguish, particularly
after a verb:
(a) You should relax more_AV0.
(b) You should spend more_DT0.
You should eat more.
You should read more.
You should smoke less.
Do you smoke? (Intransitive)
How many do you smoke in a week? (Transitive)
(c) At the moment we have 23 fixtures per season. Personally, I would rather play more_DT0.
(d) You should work less and play more_AV0.
(In (d) the adverb more has roughly the meaning of 'more often'.)
Note. The automatic disambiguation of determiners and adverbs is not reliable, because transitivity has not been encoded in the tagger. Sentences like (c) and (d), where more follows the verb at end of a sentence, are invariably tagged AV0.
Adjective vs. participle
Another area of borderline cases is the tagging of words as adjectives
(AJ0) or as participles (VVG or
VVN).
One test is to see whether a degree adverb like very can be inserted in front of the word: e.g. in We were very surprised, surprised is an AJ0.
VVN: Even where it is not present, the possibility of adding the by-phrase, without changing the meaning of the word, is evidence in favour ofWe were surprised_VVN by pirates.
VVN. (However, this
criterion can clash with the preceding one — since it occasionally
happens that an -ed word is both preceded by an adverb like
very and followed by a by-phrase: E.g. I was so
irritated by his behaviour that I put the phone down. When these
do occur, we give preference to AJ0.)
This shows that lasting or locked can easily be (but need not be) anThe effect is lasting_AJ0 (compare a lasting_AJ0 effect).
The door is locked_AJ0 (compare the locked_AJ0 door.)
AJ0. If the word could not be placed (with
the same meaning) before the noun, this would be evidence that the word is a participle.VVG after
the verb be, it is generally treated as an AJ0 before a noun:
The man was dying_VVG. [HTM.1494 *VVG-AJ0]
the dying_AJ0 man. [FSF.1787]
VVG or VVN tag is preferred:
an interest_NN1 earning_VVG account
a hypothesis_NN1 driven_VVN approach
In these examples the NN1+VVG/VVN sequence has the character of a premodifying adjective compound. We can therefore imagine the
two words bracketed together forming an adjective: an interest-earning_AJ0 account. But within the adjective, the VVG and VVN tags retain their verbal character, with the initial noun acting as object of the verb (cf. the account earns interest).
a shanty_NN1 singing_VVG competition[K4W.2952]
AJ0 / VVN word, this is a strong indication that
the construction is not properly a passive, and that the word
is an AJ0:The building was infested_AJ0 with cockroaches
(cf.: The building seemed/became infested with cockroaches)
This is a manifestation of the general semantic character of adjectives (which typically refer to states or qualities) and verbs (which typically refer to events or actions).Bill was married_AJ0. (i.e. he was not single)
Bill was married_VVN to Sarah on the 15th May. (i.e. the actual event)
She is not disturbed_VVN by that sort of threat.
The tourists were standing_VVG around a map of the city.
Are you expecting_VVG someone?[G01.2610]
The arithmetic is looking_VVG good. [K1M.3611]
Turning_VVG suddenly, she ran for the safety of the car [CK8.297]
Preposition vs. prepositional adverb vs. general adverb
(a) She ran down_PRP the hill.
(b) She ran down_AVP her best friends.
- It can be placed before or after the noun phrase acting as
object of the verb:
She ran her best friends down_AVP.
(But not: *She ran the hill down.) - If the noun phrase is replaced by a pronoun, the pronoun has
to be placed in front of the particle:
Similarly:She ran them down_AVP. (= her best friends)
(But not: *She ran down them.)The dentist took all my teeth out_AVP. (The dentist took them out)
Notice that the syntactic distinction between (for example) down as an adverbial particle and down as a preposition is independent of the semantic distinction between locative and non-locative interpretations of down.
AVP:
Income tax is coming down_AVP.
The decorations are put up_AVP on Christmas Eve.
This is the hill (which) she ran down_PRP.
(Cf. This is the hill down which she ran.)
The poor were looked down on_PRP by the rich.
(Here on is the stranded preposition)
Which car did she arrive in_PRP?
The same tests apply to words which are tagged either as prepositions or as general adverbs (AV0), such as across, past and behind.
Note, additionally, the use of about as a degree adverb.
Interjection vs. unclassified
The borderline between interjections or exclamatory particles (tagged
ITJ) and unclassified 'noise' words (tagged
UNC) is drawn as follows:
ITJ is used for 'institutionalized' interjections or discourse particles such as good-bye, oh, no, oops, hallelujah, whoa, wow ; however
Well,
right and like
functioning as discourse markers are tagged AV0.
UNC is used in contexts where no other wordclass tag seems appropriate:
- 'noise' words and pause fillers in spoken utterances; this
includes imitations of animal or machine sounds:
blah_UNC blah_UNC blah_UNC
er_UNC I think so.
Erm_UNC nope_ITJ. - certain fused forms which cannot easily be broken down into
separate word classes:
methinks_UNC.
ai_UNC n't_XX0 - constituent <w> elements within multiword expressions for which no unique C5 code can be found
The contraction ain't is a special case: its first half is tagged UNC because it abbreviates so many different verb forms (am not, is not, are not, has not, have not) that no single tag can be applied to it (unless one were to invent a special tag for that purpose).
Disambiguation by Word
Tears well_VVB up in my eyes. [BN3.5 *AV0]
apostrophe 'S
- Contracted forms
-
When it represents a shortened form of is, has or (rarely) does, it has the appropriate verb tag.
Occasionally, for example with auxiliaries followed by past participles, there are difficulties determining what the full form of the verb should be.
Examples:
That_DT0's_VBZ perfect is that one... (= That is...) [KCX.1254]
She_NP0 's_VHZ got tickets. (= She has...) [KPV.6479]
well, what_DTQ 's_VDZ he do?, is he a plumber? (= What does...) [KD6.310] - Genitives
-
Britain_NP0's_POS small businesses [HMH.67]
After today_AV0's_POS announcement [K6F.39] - 's plural
- When 's acts as a marker of the -s plural, or as part
of the verb form let's, it is part of a single word, and
is not assigned its own tag. E.g.:
success in the three R_ZZ0's [EVY.59]
in the 1980_CRD's [HJ1.22024]
Let_VM0's go_VVI. [A61.1443]
Note that let's is not considered a contraction of let
us, but is treated as a single 'verbal particle', tagged VM0,
on the grounds that it is closely analogous to modal auxiliaries.
ABOUT
- Degree adverb:
-
When about has an approximating meaning, typically premodifying
a quantifying expression, it is tagged
AV0(notPRP):
Note also the multiword just about, as in:...it was about_AV0 three weeks ago [FAJ.1714]
about_AV0 half the size of a grain of rice [AJ4.33]We're just about_AV0 ready.
- Preposition vs. particle:
- See further at Preposition vs. prepositional adverb vs. general adverb
AS
- Comparative constructions:
- As is a degree adverb (AV0) when it occurs before an adjective,
adverb or determiner (and sometimes other words) in phrases of
the type as X as Y, or simply as X (where the comparative
clause or phrase as Y) is omitted but understood:
In the first and second examples above, the second as introduces a comparative construction which expresses 'equal comparison', as contrasted with the unequal comparison of more X than Y. When as is a word introducing such a comparative construction, it is tagged CJS:I go to see them as_AV0 often as I can . [AC7.1189]
and they employ ninety people, twice as_AV0 many as last year. [K1C.3540]
And every bit as_AV0 good .[EEW.1132 *CJS]
Notice that as in this comparative use is tagged CJS whether or not it introduces a clause. Often it introduces a noun phrase. In the following example, it introduces an adjective:Capitalism is not as_AV0 good as_CJS it claims. [CFT.2042]
Linked together, they can crunch numbers as_AV0 fast as_CJS any mainframe.[CRB.271]
She will deposit as_AV0 many as_CJS a dozen eggs there. [F9F.424]always reply as_AV0 quickly as_CJS possible. [C9R.989]
- Introducing other clauses:
-
The tag CJS is also used when introducing other subordinate clauses,
such as adverbial clauses of time or reason:
New York called just as_CJS I was leaving. [APU.1543]
As_CJS you've gone to so much trouble , it would seem discourteous to refuse [KY9.2107] - Preposition:
- The tag PRP is used for as functioning clearly as a preposition:
Usually the meaning is related to the equative meaning of the verb be. However, the guideline restricts PRP to cases where as is followed by the normal noun phrase or nominal, as is normal for prepositions. Where the as is followed by an adjective or a past participle clause, it is tagged CJS, even though it may retain the equative type of meaning:Consider it as_PRP a kind of insurance [AD0.1641]
As_PRP head of information, Christina will lead a team of four TEC staff... [BM4.2830]We regard these results as_CJS encouraging. [B1G.184]
I very much hope that you will in fact support the motion as_CJS originally intended. [KGX.93] - Multiwords:
- As is part of many multiwords which get tagged with a
single tag: e.g. as soon as, such as, in so far as,
as long as, as well as. The sequence as well as, for
example, is tagged as a preposition (
PRP) in such examples as
Note that this is different from the multiword adverb as well (meaning also); it is also different from the sequence of as well as as three separate words, e.g. in:Sometimes as well as_PRP going this way we actually need to go in this was too. [G5N.31]
She's as_AV0 well_AJ0 as_CJS can be expected. [F9X.2095]
BUT
CJC is overwhelmingly the most common
use of but. The following other cases can also be detected:
- Adverb:
- But is an adverb when its meaning is similar to 'only':
She can spare you but_AV0 a few minutes [CCD.82 *CJC] There is but_AV0 one penalty. [ALS.185 *CJC]
- Subordinating conjunction or preposition:
- But is either a conjunction (
CJS) or a preposition (PRP) if it has the meaning of 'except (for)', 'other than' or 'apart from'.CJSis used when it introduces a clause, andPRPis used when it introduces a phrase:...mediocre albums that do nothing but_CJS take up shelf space [C9M.1014]
I couldn't help but_CJS notice. [JY0.5323 *CJC]
I always feel they are open meetings in everything but_PRP name. [HJ3.5520]
No one had guessed she was anything but_PRP a boy. [C85.517] - Coordinating conjunction:
-
Otherwise but is a coordinating conjunction, tagged
CJC, linking units of the same kind (e.g. clauses or adjective/adverb phrases). Its function is to express contrastive or 'adversative' meaning:God and minds do exist , but_CJC materially so . [ABM.1265]
And that's it for another week but_CJC don't forget the late news at eleven thirty. [J1M.2520]
Hares ( but_CJC not rabbits ) are particularly vulnerable... [B72.892] - Multiwords
- Note also multiwords such as but for (
PRP):The fare increases would have been bigger but for_PRP the governments last minute intervention. [K6D.124]
LIKE
- Discoursal function:
-
In speech, when like has a discoursal function as a 'hedge',
we tag it
AV0:well she says like_AV0, I won't be a minute [KCY.1518]
I'm driving along, you know like_AV0 <trunc> wha</trunc> when you're in the car by yourself and everything's turning over in your head [KBU.1096] - Other functions:
- Like very frequently occurs as a preposition or as a verb.
The noun and adjective uses are fairly rare:
...but I like_VVB Monday best. [FU4.1089]
He didn't look like_PRP a goodie. [H0M.1353]
... fuel, weapons, ground crew and the like_NN1. [JNN.105 *AJ0-NN1]
Churchill and Eden were not of like_AJ0 minds... [ACH.1297]
LITTLE
- Adjective:
-
The meaning of little (
AJ0) is the opposite of big:Bless their dear little_AJ0 faces. [HRB.722]
Little_AJ0 green shoots of recovery are stirring. [CEL.968] - Determiner-pronoun:
-
The meaning of little (
DT0) is 'not much':I have little_DT0 to say. [G1Y.1133]
...there was little_DT0 food left. [FSJ.720] - Adverb:
-
As an adverb (
AV0) little also has the meaning 'not much':I care very little_AV0 about petty-minded, selfish "rules". [B0P.211]
- A little
-
Note that a little can also be a multiword adverb (
AV0):
However, the quantifier a little meaning 'a small amount' is not tagged as a multiword 3 but asThey are all a little_AV0 drunk. [G0F.2117]
AT0 + DT0
[See Determiner-pronoun vs. adverb ]You couldn't let me have a_AT0 little_DT0 milk? [GUM.1656]
MUCH
- Determiner-pronoun:
-
Much_DT0 of this work has to be done on the spot. [C8R.24]
I've spent too much_DT0 money. [KPV.62659] - Adverb:
-
Thanks very much_AV0. [A73.5]
I didn't sleep much_AV0 last night [ALH.1495]
See also Determiner-pronoun vs. adverb
MORE and LESS
You deserve more_DT0 than a medal. [K97.3705]
More_DT0 haste, less_DT0 speed. [J10.4543]
...this will make him more_AV0 tired than usual [A75.282]
But I couldn't agree more_AV0 [BMD.3]
NO
- Article
-
No_AT0 problem_NN1. [H4H.227]
- Noun
-
As a noun, no is usually an abbreviation for number:
quoting Ref_NN1 No_NN1 BCE90_UNC [CJU.673]
- Adverb
-
but the matter was taken no_AV0 further_AV0. [ARF.183 no: *AT0]
To put it no_AV0 more_AV0 strongly_AV0, it has not been proved beyond doubt that.... [EW7.125] - Interjection:
- No is tagged as an interjection (
ITJ) where it functions as the opposite of Yes."...See how easy my job can be?"
"Frankly, no_ITJ". [HR4.2329]
ONE
- Numeral:
-
The clearest cases of
CRDare in a quantifying noun phrase, typically allowing the substitution of another numerical expression (e.g. one chip contrasts with two chips) or of the digit 1 (1 chip):
In such noun phrases, one functions like a determiner-pronoun such as some.Can I have one_CRD chip, please? [KDB.1416]
So are there criticisms? Just one_CRD. [CG2.1489]
... one_CRD in five sufferers never tells their partners. [CF5.8 *PNI]
Orford Ness is one_CRD of Britain's most unusual coastal features. [CF8.86] - Indefinite Pronoun:
- The clearest cases of
PNIare:-
(a) As a substitute form, standing for an understood noun or noun
phrase:
In this use, one has a plural form ones.The channel was not a broad one_PNI [AEA.1457]
-
(b) As a generic personal pronoun, meaning 'people in general':
And I think one_PNI might go on to argue that far from saving labour it creates it. [J17.1915]
-
(a) As a substitute form, standing for an understood noun or noun
phrase:
Note that the reliability of the ambiguity tag PNI-CRD (in which the pronoun is rated more likely)
is somewhat low. See POS-tagging Error Rates
RIGHT
As both an adverb (AV0) and an adjective (AJ0) right means
the opposite of 'wrong' and also the opposite of 'left'. As a
noun, it generally means 'entitlements': e.g. I have a
right_NN1 to know. The uses of right as a verb are
very rare.
- Discoursal function:
-
As a discourse marker, right is tagged
AV0:Right_AV0, how you doing there? [KBL.4671]
Right_AV0, er, members, any questions ? [F7V.138] - Degree adverb (intensifier):
-
In dialectal usage, right can be an intensifier, and is tagged
AV0:it's a ... it's a right_AV0 soft carpet. [KB2.1242-4]
SO
- In most cases so is tagged as an adverb (
AV0):So_AV0 this is where you work... [H8M.2964]
Right, so_AV0 what's fifty three per cent as a decimal? [JP4.357]
They waited but nothing happened so_AV0 they made a fuss. [FU1.2484] - As a pro-form meaning 'thus' or standing for a clause or predicate,
so is tagged
AV0:So_AV0 say I and so_AV0 say the folk. [G11.228]
"Yes, I think so_AV0." [CCM.151] - As a degree adverb or intensifier, so is tagged
AV0:tough and long lasting - that's why they're so_AV0 popular. [BN4.929]
There would not be so_AV0 many lonely people in our land [B1Y.1262] - Introducing purpose clauses, so is tagged
CJS(subordinating conjunction):Drink your tea so_CJS they can have your cup. [KB2.1767]
- Note that so is frequently part of a multiword: so that, so far, so as to, (in) so far as, etc. See the list of multiwords
THAT
- As a demonstrative (pronoun or determiner), that is tagged
DT0That_DT0's_VBZ my coat yeah. [KBS.1309]
he's getting hooked on the taste of vaseline, that_DT0 dog. [KCL.197] - As a clause-initiating conjunction, that is
tagged
CJT. This applies to that as a complementizer:
and also to that as a relativizer (introducing a relative clause):Many experts claim that_CJT it is good for your growing baby, too. [G2T.1091]
This is different from the more traditional analysis which treats that introducing a relative clause as a relative pronoun.A ship that_CJT never enters harbour. [BPA.1326]
- As a degree adverb (intensifier):
It wasn't all that_AV0 bad. [KPP.321]
- That occurs commonly in multiwords such as so that, in that, in order that.
THEN
AJ0, usually following the), then
receives the tag AV0:And then_AV0 she spoke. [H8T.2675]
"Come on, then_AV0." [K8V.1722]
Mr Willi Brandt, the then_AJ0 Mayor of West Berlin. [A87.84]
...the then_AJ0 state governor , who wasn't then_AV0 Bill Clinton [A87.84]
TO
- Infinitive marker
-
When used with an infinitive, to is always tagged
TO0. Note elliptical uses of the pre-infinitival to, especially in informal spoken texts:
Note also the common colloquial spelling of want to, got to, and going to as fused words:In the summer holidays, I can, I can get up early if I want to_TO0. [KPG.4153]
wanna = wan_VVB na_TO0
gotta = got_VVN ta_TO0
gonna = gon_VVG na_TO0 - Preposition
- When used as a preposition, to is always tagged
PRP. Prepositions are normally followed by a noun phrase or nominal clause. Where the preposition is 'stranded' (i.e. where the noun phrase associated with the preposition has been moved or ellided ) it can be confused with an adverbial particle:That 's the school that Terry goes to_PRP. [KB8.2442]
...what you're entitled to_PRP by law is money back [FUT.360]
"Where to_PRP?""The_PRP moon." [FNW.240-1] - Adverbial particle
- The adverbial particle to is rare but does occur, for example in come to meaning 'regain consciousness'.
WELL
- Adverb
- By far the most common function for well is as an adverb:
She's playing well_AV0
- Discoursal function:
- When well has the function of a discourse marker, it is
treated as an adverb (
AV0):Oh well_AV0! That'll be the finish! [FX6.196-7]
I bet he doesn't get up till about, well_AV0, it's eleven now. [KBL.3808] - Degree adverb:
- Well is tagged
AV0, too, where it has an intensifying function: e.g.It was dark outside and well_AV0 past your bedtime. [ASS.898]
- Adjective
- Well is tagged as an adjective where it means 'in good
health':
You don't look well_AJ0. [HPR.107]
- Verb
- As a verb, well is very rare, but occurs in the phrasal
verb well up. NB. This use has not been accurately tagged in the corpus:
Tears well_VVB up in my eyes. [BN3.5 *AV0]
WHEN
CJS. Otherwise it is
tagged AVQ. The AVQ tag is also used for
when introducing a question. Examples:
- Adverbial clause:
Note that when is also a subordinating conjunction in abbreviated adverbial clauses which lack a subject and finite verb, such as when in doubt, when ready, when completed.When_CJS I got back to my flat, I decided to ring Toby. [CS4.1265]
the crowd left quietly when_CJS the police arrived. [APP.1017] (when = at the time at which)
If you smoke when_CJS you're pregnant... [A0J.1598] (when = whenever)- Nominal clause
Before an infinitive, when is also tagged AVQ:I can't remember when_AVQ we last had a frost. [KBF.11728]
"Do you remember when_AVQ we used to go with Daddy in the boat on Saturdays?" [A6N.2022]
You never know when_AVQ the next big story will break. [HJ6.100]
Also when the rest of the infinitive clause is understood:Otto knew when_AVQ to change the subject. [FAT.1603]
Tell me when_AVQ.
- Relative clause
Note that when can often be omitted in relative clauses: the moment he arrived.in the year when_AVQ I was born (when = in which)
the moment when_AVQ he arrived (when = at which)- Direct questions
When_AVQ did you find out?
WHERE
WORTH
- Preposition
- worth is tagged
PRPwhere it could answer a question such as 'How much is X worth?' or 'What is X worth?'
worth also occurs as a 'stranded preposition' in questions used to elicit such responses, and in some other common constructions:these pictures are worth_PRP a small fortune. [FNT.1060]
That makes him worth_PRP about $60m. [CT3.479]
'Darling, it's not worth_PRP getting upset. [HH9.2308]how much d'ya think it's worth_PRP? [KCX.1344]
share prices say nothing about what a company is worth_PRP. [A9U.305 *NN1]
Please go ahead and push Grapevine for all you are worth_PRP. [AP1.575] - Noun
- worth is tagged
NN1when it is an obvious noun (meaning 'value'). Typically this occurs following expressions of quantity, whether or not the quantity is expressed by a possessive or genitive (e.g. its, 's).Baker showed his worth_NN1 for Ipswich in the 20th minute [CF9.102]
hundreds of pounds' worth_NN1 of damage. [A0H.15]
£2,500 WORTH_NN1 OF PRIZES [ECJ.1147]
Features of spoken corpus tagging
- Individual letters
- Words spelt out by a speaker as individual letters have been transcribed letter by letter,
each being tagged ZZ0.
children who go to the E_ZZ0 N_ZZ0 T_ZZ0 clinic [KB8.3805]
...ten ninety minute tapes! T_ZZ0 D_ZZ0 K_ZZ0 tapes! [KPG.3534-5]In the written corpus these items would nearly always be written and tagged as whole words (ENT or TDK in the above example).
- Truncated words
- Words that are left incomplete by the speaker are enclosed
within an XML
<trunc> element and tagged
UNC. Examples include bathr and su in the followingThe <trunc> bathr_UNC </trunc> er you can't beat a white bathroom suite anyway. [KCF.721]
Aye, they only came in the <trunc> su_UNC </trunc> they only came up here in the summer. [GYS.127] - Partial repetition of multiwords
-
Occasionally in spoken data it happens that only a portion of a
multiword sequence is repeated. In this example, the word sort is used twice; in both cases
it appears to function not as a separate word but as part of the multiword adverb
sort of.
We treat the first sort as an incomplete multiword, and tag itwe're going to sort sort of summarize... [G5X.106]
UNC(rather like truncated words, above). The complete multiword sort of is taggedAV0, as normally.
Further examples of incomplete multiwords are the as long in as long as (conjunction), of in because of (preposition) and the in in in general (adverb) belowwe're going to sort_UNC sort of_AV0 summarize...
The second example shows that when words are repeated, the incomplete portion of a multiword is not necessarily immediately adjacent to the fully formed multiword. In the last example, the three instances of in before erm, imperial measure have not been analysed as part of the multiword in general; they are instead tagged as ordinary words (in this case, ambiguous between preposition and prepositional adverb: PRP-AVP). There are a few cases where the tagger has probably been over-zealous in spotting repeated portions of multiwords:As_UNC long_UNC As_CJS long as everyone recognizes that for an area of that size... [J9T.258]
because_PRP of the <pause> of_UNC the drought. When we were away it didn't get watered in. [KCH.982]
I know that in_UNC in_UNC in_AV0 general, in in in erm, imperial measure, it is <trunc> f </trunc> five feet eight inches [JK1.480]
Here, the first instance of now would probably have better been interpreted as a single word adverb (='at this time'), not part of the multiword conjunction now that4.What happens now_UNC, now_CJS that you are winched down? [HEF.9]
- Er and erm inside multiwords
- Generally (in both written and spoken texts) the pause fillers er
and erm take the tag
UNC. This applies also when they appear within a multiword sequence, as in every er so often. The code assigned to the surrounding <mw> element is identical to that which would have been assigned if the filler were not present.
Note that in the last example the word at preceding the multiword at er best is treated as a partial repetition of that multiword, and therefore taggedAnd your homework was handed in every er so often_AV0, you know [G64.152]
something had gone wrong with the <pause> gas pipes because erm of_PRP <pause> flooding. [KB8.5356]
these kind of books were, er, generally er, at , at er best_AV0 ignored [HUN]UNC.
POS-tagging Error Rates
This section reports on the accuracy of the results of the improved tagging programs.
Levels of estimation
- (a) First, as a general assessment of accuracy, the estimated rates are given for the whole corpus. (See Table 23. Estimated ambiguity and error rates for the whole corpus (fine-grained calculation) below.)
- (b) Secondly, separate estimates of ambiguity rates and error rates are given for each of the 57 word tags in the corpus. This will enable users of the corpus to assign appropriate degrees of reliability to each tag. Some tags are always correct; other tags are quite often erroneous. For example, the tag VDD stands for a single form of the verb do: the form did. Since the spelling did is unambiguous, the chances of ambiguity or error, in the use of the tag VDD, are virtually nil. On the other hand, the tag VVB (base finite form of a lexical verb) is not only quite frequent, but also highly prone to ambiguity and error. 15 per cent of the occurrences of VVB are errors - a much higher error rate than any other tag. (See Table 25. Estimated ambiguity rates and error rates by tag below.)
- (c) Thirdly, separate estimates of ambiguity rates and error rates are given for ‘wrong-tag--right-tag’ pairings XXX, YYY, consisting of (i) the actually-occurring erroneous tag XXX, and (ii) the correct tag YYY which should have occurred in its place. However, because the number of possible tag-pairs is large (572), and most of these tag-pairs have few or no errors, only the more common pairings of erroneous tag and correct tag are separately listed, with their estimated probability of occurrence. This list of tag-pairings will help users further, in enabling them to estimate not merely the reliability of a tag, but, if that tag is incorrect, the likelihood that the correct tag would have been some other particular tag. In this way, the frequency of grammatical word classes, or individual words in those classes, can be estimated more accurately for the whole BNC. (See Table 26. Estimated frequency of selected tag-pairs below.)
Presentation of Ambiguity Rates and Error Rates (fine-grained mode of calculation)
In this section, we examine ambiguities and errors using a ‘fine-grained’ mode of calculation, treating each error as of equal importance to any other error. In Presentation of Ambiguity and Error Rates (coarse-grained calculation) we look at the same data in terms of a ‘coarse-grained’ mode of calculation, ignoring errors and ambiguities involving subcategories of the same part of speech.
Overall estimated ambiguity and error rates: based on the 50,000 word sample
As the following table shows, the ambiguity rate varies considerably between written and spoken texts. (However, note that the calculation for speech is based on a small sample of 5,000 words.)
It will be noted that written texts on the whole have a higher ambiguity rate, whereas spoken texts have a slightly greater error rate.
The success of an automatic tagger is sometimes represented in terms of the information-retrieval measures of precision and recall, rather than ambiguity rate and error rate as in Table 23. Estimated ambiguity and error rates for the whole corpus (fine-grained calculation). Precision is the extent to which incorrect tags are successfully discarded from the output. Recall is the extent to which all correct tags are successfully retained in the output of the tagger, allowing, however, for more than one reading to occur for one word (i.e. ambiguous tagging is permitted). According to these measures, the success of the tagging is as follows:
However, from now on we will continue to use ‘ambiguity rate’ and ‘error rate’, which appear to us more transparent.
Estimated ambiguity and error rates for each tag (fine-grained mode of calculation)
The estimates for individual tags are again based on the 50,000 sample, and the ambiguity rate for each tag is based on the number of ambiguity tags which begin with a given tag. The table also specifies the estimated likelihood that a given tag, in the first position of the ambiguity tag, is the correct tag.
In Table 25. Estimated ambiguity rates and error
rates by tag, column (b) shows the overall
frequency of particular tags (not including ambiguity tags). Column
(c) gives the overall occurrence of ambiguity tags, as well as of
particular ambiguity tags, beginning with a given tag. (Ambiguity
tags marked * are less ‘serious’ in that they apply to two
subcategories of the same part of speech, such as past tense and past
participle of the verb - see 4.1 below.) Column (d) shows which tags
are more or less likely to be found as the first part of an ambiguity
tag. For example, both NP0 and VVG have an
especially high incidence of ambiguity tags. Column (e) tells us,
given that we have observed an ambiguity tag, what is the likelihood
of the first tag’s being correct? Overall, there is more than a 3-1
chance that the first tag will be correct; but there are some
exceptions, where the chances of the first tag’s being correct are
much lower: for example, PNI (indefinite pronoun). Note
that (f) and (g) exclude errors where the first tag of an ambiguity
tag is wrong; contrast Table 28. Estimated error rates for the whole corpus, and Table 29. Estimated error rates (by tag) column (c), below.
Estimated error rates specifying the incorrect tag and the correct tag (fine-grained calculation)
The next table, Table 26. Estimated frequency of selected tag-pairs, gives the frequency, as a percentage, of error-prone tag-pairs where XXX is the incorrect tag and YYY is the correct tag which should have occurred in its place. In the third column, the number of the specified error-type is listed, as a frequency count from the sample of 50,000 words. In the fourth column, this is expressed as a percentage of all the tagging errors of word category XXX (in Table 25. Estimated ambiguity rates and error rates by tag column (f)). The fifth column answers the question: if tag XXX occurs, what is the likelihood that it is an error for tag YYY? Where the number of occurrences of a given error-type is less than 5 (i.e. 1 in 10,000 words), they are ignored. Hence, Table 26. Estimated frequency of selected tag-pairs is not exhaustive: only the more likely error-types are listed. In the second column, we add, where useful, the individual words which trigger these errors.
Similar to before, the asterisk * indicates a ‘less serious’ error, in which the erroneous and correct tags belong to the same major category or part of speech. As the table shows, the most frequent specific error types are within the verb category: VVB ? VVI (55, or 9.8% of all VVB tags) and VVD ? VVN (44, or 4.5% of all VVD tags).
A further mode of calculation: ignoring subcategories of the same part of speech
Presentation of Ambiguity and Error Rates (coarse-grained calculation)
Yet a further way of looking at the ambiguities and errors in the corpus is to make a coarse-grained calculation in counting these phenomena. In a fine-grained measurement, which is the one assumed up to now, each tag is considered to define its own word class which is different from all other word classes. Using the coarse-grained calculation, on the other hand, we consider words to belong to different word classes (parts of speech) only when the major category is different. If we consider the pair NN1 (singular and common noun) and NP0 (proper noun), the coarse-grained calculation says that the ambiguity tag NN1-NP0 or NP0-NN1 does not show tagging uncertainty, since both the proposed tags agree in categorizing the word as the same part of speech (a noun). So this does not add to the ambiguity rate. Similarly, the coarse-grained point of view on error is that, if a word is tagged as NN1 when it should be NP0, or vice versa, then this is not error, because both tags are within the noun category. To summarize: in the fine-grained calculation, minor differences of wordclass count towards the ambiguity and error rates; in the coarse-grained calculation, they do not.
In this section, the same calculations are made as in section 3, except that errors and ambiguities which are confined within a major category (noun, verb, etc.) are ignored. In practice, most of the errors and ambiguities of this kind come from the difficulty the tagger finds in recognizing the difference between NN1 (singular common noun) and NP0 (proper noun), between VVD (past tense lexical verb) and VVN (past participle lexical verb), and between VVB (finite present tense base form, lexical verb) and VVI (infinitive lexical verb). Thus the ambiguity tags NN1-NP0, VVD-VVN and their mirror images do not occur in the relevant table (Table 28. Estimated error rates for the whole corpus) below. However, since there are no ambiguity tags for VVB and VVI, the problem of distinguishing these two shows up only in the error calculation.
The three tables in this section correspond with the three tables in the preceding section.
It will be noted from Table 27. Estimated ambiguity and error rates for the whole corpus that this method of calculation reduces the overall ambiguity rate by c.1 per cent, and the overall error rate by c.0.5 per cent. We will not present coarse-grained tables corresponding to Table 25. Estimated ambiguity rates and error rates by tag and Table 26. Estimated frequency of selected tag-pairs above: these tables would be unchanged from the fine-grained calculation, except that the rows marked with an asterisk (*) would be deleted, and the other calculations changed as necessary.
Different modes of calculation: eliminating ambiguities
Given that the elimination of errors was beyond our capability within the time frame and budget we had available, the corpus in its present form, containing ambiguity tags as well as a small proportion of errors, is designed for what we believe will be the most common type of user, who will find it easier to tolerate ambiguity than error. However, other users may prefer a corpus which does not contain ambiguities, even though its error rate is higher. For this latter type of user, the present corpus is easy to interpret as a corpus free of ambiguities, simply by deleting or ignoring the second tag of any ambiguity tag, and accepting the first tag as the only one. In what follows, we therefore allow two modes of calculation: in addition to the "safer" mode, in which ambiguities are allowed and consequently errors are relatively low, we allow a "riskier" mode in which ambiguities are abolished, and errors are more frequent. In fact, if ambiguity tags are eliminated, the overall error rate rises to almost 2 per cent.
| Sample tag count | Error rate (%) | |
| Written texts | 45,000 | 2.01% |
| Spoken texts | 5,000 | 1.92% |
| All texts | 50,000 | 2.00% |
The following table gives an error count (c) for each tag: i.e. the number of errors in the 50,000 word sample where that tag was the erroneous tag. [Cf. the "safer" error count in Table 26. Estimated frequency of selected tag-pairs, column (f).] In addition, each tag has a correction count (d): i.e. the number of erroneous tags for which that tag was the correct tag. If we subtract the Error count (c) from the Tag count (b), and add the Correction count (d) to the result, we arrive at the "Real tag count" (e) representing the number of occurrences of that tag in the corrected sample corpus. Not included in the table is the small number of ‘multiword’ errors which resulted in two tags being replaced by one (error count), or one tag being replaced by two (correction count), due to the incorrect non-use or use of multiword tags. The last column divides the error count by the tag count to provide the error rate (as a percentage).
It is clear from this table that the amount of error in the
tagging of the corpus varies greatly from one tag to another. The
most error prone-tag, by a large margin, is VVB, with
more than 17 per cent error, while many of the tags are associated
with no errors at all, and well over half the tags have less than a 1
per cent error.
The final table gives figures for the third level of detail, where we
itemise individual tag pairs XXX, YYY, where XXX is the incorrect
tag, and YYY is the correct one which should have appeared but did
not. Only those pairings which account for 5 or more errors are
listed. This table differs from Table 26. Estimated frequency of selected tag-pairs in that here
the second tags of ambiguity tags are not taken into account
("riskier mode"). It will be seen that the errors which occur tend to
fall into a relatively small number of major categories.
Some of the error types above are associated with one or two particular words, and where these occur they are listed. For example, the AV0 - EX0 type of error occurs invariably with the one word there.
POS-Tagging Workflow
The first four phases were carried out automatically, using CLAWS4, an automatic tagger which developed out of the CLAWS1 automatic tagger (authors: Roger Garside and Ian Marshall 1983) used to tag the LOB Corpus. The advanced version CLAWS4 is principally the work of Roger Garside, although many other researchers at Lancaster have contributed to its performance in one way or another. Further information about CLAWS4 can be obtained from Leech, Garside and Bryant 1994 and Garside and Smith 1997. CLAWS4 is a hybrid tagger, employing a mixture of probabilistic and non-probabilistic techniques. The fifth and sixth phases used other systems,described in the appropriate section below.
A. Tokenization
The first major step in automatic tagging is to divide up the text or corpus to be tagged into individual (1) word tokens and (2) orthographic sentences. These are the segments usually demarcated by (1) spaces and (2) sentence boundaries (i.e. sentence final punctuation followed by a capital letter). This procedure is not so straightforward as it might seem, particularly because of the ambiguity of full stops (which can be abbreviation marks as well as sentence-demarcators) and of capital letters (which can signal a naming expression, as well as the beginning of a sentence). Faults in tokenization occasionally occur, but rarely cause tagging errors.
In tokenization, an orthographic word boundary (normally a
space, with or without accompanying punctuation) is the default
test for identifying the beginning and end of word-tokens. (See,
however, the next paragraph and D. Idiom-Tagging
below.) Hyphens are counted as word-internal, so that a
hyphenated word such as key-ring is given just one tag
(NN1). Because of the different ways of writing
compound words, the same compound may occur in three forms: as a
single word written ‘solid’ (markup), as a hyphenated
word (mark-up) or as a sequence of two words (mark
up). In the first two cases, CLAWS4 will give the compound
a single tag, whereas in the third case, it will receive two
tags: one for mark and the other for up.
A set of special cases dealt with by tokenization is the set of enclitic verb and negative contractions such as 's, 're, 'll and 'nt, which are orthographically attached to the preceding word. These will be given a tag of their own, so that (for example) the orthographic forms It's, they're, and can't are given two tags in sequence: pronoun + verb, verb + negative, etc. There are also some 'merged' forms such as won't and dunno, which are decomposed into more than one word for tagging purposes. For example, dunno actually ends up with the three tags for do + n't + know (for a list of these contracted forms, see Contracted forms and multiwords).
B. Initial assignment of tags
The second stage of CLAWS POS-tagging is to assign to each word token one or more tags. Many word tokens are unambiguous, and so will be assigned just one tag: e.g. various AJ0 (adjective). Other word tokens are ambiguous, taking from two to seven potential tags. For example, the token paint can be tagged NN1, VVB, VVI, i.e. as a noun or as a verb; the token broadcast can be tagged as VVB, VVI, VVD, VVN (verb which is either present tense, infinitive, past tense, or past participle). In addition, it can be a noun (NN1) or an adjective (AJ0), as in a broadcast concert.
- Look for the ending of a word: e.g. words in -ness will normally be nouns.
- Look for an initial capital letter (especially when the word is not sentence-initial). Rare names which are not in the lexicon and do not match other procedures will normally be recognized as proper nouns on the basis of the initial capital.
- Look for a final -(e)s. This is stripped off, to see if the word otherwise matches a noun or verb; if it does, the word in -s is tagged as a plural noun or a singular present-tense verb.
- Numbers and formulae (e.g. 271, *K9, +) are tagged by special rules.
- If all else fails, a word is tagged ambiguously as either a noun, an adjective or a lexical verb.
When a word is associated with more than one tag, information is given by the lexicon look-up or other procedures on the relative probability of each tag. For example, the word for can be a preposition or a conjunction, but is much more likely to be a preposition. This information is provided by the lexicon, either in numerical form, or where numerical data available are insufficient, by a simple distinction between 'unmarked', 'rare' and 'very rare' tags.
Some adjustment of probability is made according to the position of the word in the sentence. If a word begins with a capital, the likelihood of various tags depends partly on whether the word occurs at the beginning of a sentence. For instance, the word Brown at the beginning of a sentence is less likely to be a proper noun than an adjective or a common noun (normally written brown). Hence the likelihood of a proper noun tag being assigned is reduced at the beginning of a sentence.
C. Tag selection (or disambiguation)
The next stage, logically, is to choose the most probable tag from any ambiguous set of tags associated with a word token by tag assignment (but see D. Idiom-Tagging below). This is another probabilistic procedure, this time making use of the context in which a word occurs. A method known as Viterbi alignment uses the probabilistic estimates available, both in terms of the tag-word associations and the sequential tag-tag likelihoods, to calculate the most likely path through the sequence of tag ambiguities. (The model employed is largely equivalent to a hidden Markov model.) After tag selection, a single 'winning tag' is selected for each word token in a text. (The less likely tags are not obliterated: they follow the winning tag in descending probability order.) However, the winning tag is not necessarily the right answer. If the CLAWS tagging stopped at this point, only c.95-96% of the word-tokens would be correctly tagged. This is the main reason for including an additional stage (or rather a set of stages) termed 'idiom-tagging'.
D. Idiom-Tagging
- The correct tag can only be selected if CLAWS looks at a word+tag sequence as a whole. In tag selection, this was not done, since the program merely used 'bigrams' consisting of two tags in sequence. In other words, idiom-tagging is more powerful than the Viterbi disambiguation algorithm because it is able to operate on a 'window' of several word tokens at once.
- There are many cases in English where a sequence of orthographic words is best assigned a single tag. Such cases include because of (a preposition), so long as (a conjunction), and of course (an adverb). These so-called multiwords are the opposite of the contracted forms such as don't and there's, where one orthographic word is assigned more than one tag. Thus idiom-tagging here plays the role of adjusting tokenization to larger units.
- a list of multiwords (just described) such as because of, so long as and of course.
- a list of place name expressions (e.g. Mount X , where X is some word beginning with a capital).
- a list of personal name expressions (e.g. Dr. (X) Y, where X and Y are words beginning with a cap.; the word X may or may not appear in the matching word sequence).
- a list of foreign or classical language expressions used in English (e.g. de jure, hoi polloi)
- a list of grammatical sequences where there are typically 'slots' in the sequence which may or may not be filled: e.g. Modal + (adverb/negative) + (adverb/negative) + Infinitive. This matches a sequence such as would not necessarily like. The recognition that the word token like here is an infinitive verb (rather than, say, a present-tense verb or a preposition) could not be trusted if the tagger was not equipped with an idiom-tagging component, but had to rely simply on tag-pair probabilities.
The idiom-tagging component of CLAWS is quite powerful in matching 'template' expressions in which there are wild-card symbols, Boolean operators and gaps of up to n words. They are much more variable than ‘idioms’ in the ordinary sense, and resemble finite-state networks.
Another important point about idiom-tagging is that it is split up into two main phases which operate at different points in the tagging system. One part of the idiom-tagging takes place at the end of Stage C., in effect retrospectively correcting some of the errors which would otherwise occur in CLAWS output. Another part, however, actually takes place between Stages B. and C. This means it can utilise ambiguous input and also produce ambiguous output, perhaps adjusting the likelihood of one tag relative to another. As an example, consider the case of so long as, which can be a single grammatical item - a conditional conjunction meaning 'provided that'. The difficulty is that so long as can also be a sequence of three separate grammatical items: degree adverb + adjective/adverb + conjunction/preposition. In this case, the tagging ambiguity belongs to a whole word sequence rather than a single word, and the output of the idiom-tagging has to be passed on to the probabilistic tag selection stage. Hence, although we have called idiom-tagging ‘Stage D’, it is actually split between two stages, one preceding C. and one following C.
Clearly VVG (-ing participle of the verb enter) is judged by CLAWS4 to be the most likely tag in this case.entering VVG 86% NN1 14% AJ0 0%
E. After CLAWS: the Template Tagger
The error rate with CLAWS4 averages around 3%.5 For the BNC Tagging Enhancement project, we decided to concentrate our efforts on the rule-based part of the system, where most of the inroads in error reduction had been made. This involved (a) developing software with more powerful pattern-matching capabilities than the CLAWS Idiomlist, and (b) carrying out a more systematic analysis of errors, to identify appropriate error-correcting rules.
These features can best be understood by an example. In BNC1 there were quite a number of errors disambiguating prepositions from subordinating conjunctions, in connection with words like after, before, since and so on. The following rule corrects many such cases from subordinating conjunction (CJS) to prepositions (PRP) tags. It applies a basic grammatical principle that subordinating conjunctions mark the start of clauses and generally require a finite verb somewhere later in the sentence. #AFTER [CJS^PRP] PRP, ([!#FINITE_VB/VVN])16, #PUNC1
The two commas divide the rule into three units, each containing a word or tag or word+tag combination. Square brackets contain tag patterns, and a tag following square brackets is the replacement tag (ie the action part of the rule). #AFTER refers to a list of words like after, before and since, that have similar grammatical properties. These words are defined in a separate file; not all conjunction-preposition words are listed - as, for instance, can be used elliptically, without the requirement for a following verb. (See Tagging Guidelines under as). The definition for #FINITE_VB contains a list of possible POS-tags (rather than word values), eg VVZ/VV0/VM0. Finally #PUNC1 is a 'hard' punctuation boundary (one of . : ; ? and ! ). The patching rule can be interpreted as: 'If a sequence of the following kind occurs: a word like after, before or since, which CLAWS has identified as most likely being a subordinating conjunction, and less likely a preposition; an interval of up to 16 words, none of which has been tagged as a finite verb or past participle 7 (NB [! … ] negates the tag pattern.); a 'hard' punctuation boundary then change the conjunction tag to preposition.'
The rule doesn't always work accurately, and doesn't cater for all preposition-conjunction errors. (i) It relies to a large extent on CLAWS having correctly identified finite verb tags in the right context of the preposition-conjunction; sometimes, however, a past participle is confused with a past tense form. (We therefore added VVN, ie past participle, as a possible alternative to #FINITE_VB in the second part of the pattern. The downside of this was that Template Tagger ignored some conjunction-preposition errors containing genuine use of VVN in the right context). (ii) The scope of the rule doesn't cover long sentences where more than 16 non-finite-verb words occur after the conjunction-preposition. A separate rule had to be written to handle such cases. (iii) Adverb uses of after, before and since etc. need to be fixed by additional rules.
Targetting and writing the Template rules
The Templates are targetted at the most error-prone
categories introduced (or rather, left unresolved) by CLAWS. As
with the preposition-conjunction example just shown, many
disambiguation errors congregate around pairs of tags, for
example adjective and adverb, or noun and verb. Sometimes a
triple is involved, eg a past tense verb (VVD),
past participle (VVN) and adjective
(AJ0) in the case of surprised.
A small team of researchers sought out patterns in the errors by concordancing a training corpus that contained two parallel versions of the tagging: the automatic version produced by CLAWS and a hand-corrected version, which served as a benchmark. A concordance query of the form "tag A | tag B", would retrieve lines where the former version assigned an incorrect tag A and the latter a correct tag B. An example is shown below, in which A is a subordinating conjunction and B a preposition.
By working interactively with the parallel concordance, sorting on the tags of the immediate context, testing for significant collocates to the left and right, and generally applying his/her linguistic knowledge, the researcher can often detect sufficient commonality between the tagging errors to formulate a patching rule (or a set of rules) such as that shown above. It took several iterations of training and testing to refine the rules to a point where they could be applied by Template Tagger to the full corpus.8
It should be said that some categories of error were easier to write rules for than others. Finding productive rules for noun-verb correction was especially difficult, because of the many types of ambiguity between nouns, verb and other categories, and the widely differing contexts in which they appear. The errors and ambiguity tags associated with NN1-VVB and NN2-VVZ in BNC2 in the error report testify to this problem. Here a more sophisticated lexicon, detailing the selectional restrictions of individual verbs and nouns (and other categories) would have undoubtedly been useful.
Ordering the rules
In some instances the ordering of rules was important. When two rules in the same ruleset compete, the longer match applies. Clashes arise in the case of the multiply ambiguous word as, for instance. Besides the clear grammatical choices between a preposition and a complementiser introducing an adverbial clause, there are many "interfering" idiomatic uses (as well as, as regards etc) and elliptical uses ( The TGV goes as fast as the Bullet train [sc.goes]). To avoid interference between the rules, we found it preferable to let an earlier pass of the rules handle more idiomatic (or exceptional) structures, and let a later pass deal with the more regular grammatical dependencies.
In many rule sets, however, we found that ordering did not affect the overall result, as we tried to ensure each rule was 'true' in all cases. Since, however, more than one rule sometimes carried out the same tag change to a particular word, the system was not optimised for speed and efficiency.
Besides the ordering of rules within rulesets, it is worth considering the placement of Template Tagger within the tagging schema (Figure 1). Ideally, it would be sensible to exploit the full pattern-matching functionality of the Template Tagger earlier in the schema, using it in place of the CLAWS Idiomlist not just after statistical disambiguation, where it is undoubtedly necessary, but also before it. In this way Template Tagger could have precluded much unnecessary ambiguity passing to Stage C. above. The reason we did not do this was pragmatic, that TT was in fact developed as a general-purpose annotation tool (See Fligelstone, Pacey and Rayson 1997), and not exclusively for the POS-tagging of BNC2. In future versions of the tagging software we hope to integrate Template Tagger more fully with CLAWS.
F. Postprocessing, including Ambiguity tagging
- The text is produced in a horizontal format, so that it can be read from left to right across the page or across the screen.
- The tags are enclosed in angle-brackets as follows: <NN1> according to the standard TEI-based CDIF mark-up of the British National Corpus.
- Normally the word will be output with a single tag - the one which CLAWS4 calculates to be most probable.
- "Ambiguity tags" (such as <NN1-AJ0>) are output if the difference between the probability of the first tag and of the second fails to reach a pre-decided threshold.
The final phase, "ambiguity tagging", merits a little further discussion. The requirement for such tags is clear when one observes that even using Template Tagger on top of CLAWS, there remains a residuum of error, around 2%, in the corpus. By permitting ambiguity tags we are effectively able to "hedge" in many instances that might otherwise have counted as errors - improving the chances of retrieving a particular tag, but at the cost of retrieving other tags as well. We considered that a reasonable goal would be to employ sufficient ambiguity tags to achieve an overall error rate for the corpus of 1%.
- collected each instance of A-B error, noting the difference in probability score between A and B.
- plotted each error against the probability difference
- found the threshold on the difference axis that would yield the target number of errors. Below this threshold each instance of A-B would be converted to an ambiguity tag.
As we report under Error rates, the BNC in fact contains a higher error rate than 1%. This is because some thresholds applied at the 1% rate incurred a very high frequency of potential ambiguity tags: we hand-adjusted such thresholds if permitting a slight rise in errors led to a substantial reduction in the number of ambiguities. Further comments on stages E. and F. can be found in Smith 1997.
Additional annotation in BNC XML
The simplified wordclass scheme used for the second of these enhancements is listed in Simplified Wordclass Tags of the manual, where the mapping between these values and the C5 tags from which they are derived is also specified.
The lemmatization procedure adopted derives ultimately from work reported in Beale 1987, as subsequently refined by others at Lancaster, and applied in a range of projects including the JAWS program (Fligelstone 1994) and the book Word Frequencies in Written and Spoken English (Leech et al 2001). The basic approach is to apply a number of morphological rules, combining simple POS-sensitive suffix stripping rules with a word list of common exceptions.
This process was carried out during the XML conversion, using code and a set of rules files kindly supplied by Paul Rayson.
References
- Beale, A.D. (1987) 'Towards a distributional lexicon' in Garside et al (1987).
- Brill, E. (1992) 'A simple rule-based part-of-speech tagger'. Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Applied Natural Language Processing. Italy: Trento.
- Fligelstone S., Pacey M., and Rayson P. (1997) 'How to Generalize the Task of Annotation'. In Garside et al. (1997)
- Garside R., Leech G. and Sampson, G. (eds.) (1987) The Computational Analysis of English. London: Longman.
- Garside R., Leech G. and McEnery A. (eds.) (1997) Corpus Annotation. London: Longman.
- Garside R., and Smith N. (1997) 'A hybrid grammatical tagger: CLAWS4'. In Garside et al. (1997)
- Leech, G., Garside, R., and Bryant, M. (1994). CLAWS4: The tagging of the British National Corpus. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 94). Japan: Kyoto. (pp.622-628.)
- Leech, G., Rayson, P., and Wilson, A. (2001). Word frequencies in written and spoken English based on the British National Corpus. London: Longman.
- Marshall, I. (1983). 'Choice of Grammatical wordclass without Global Syntactic Analysis: Tagging Words in the LOB Corpus'. Computers and the Humanities 17, 139-50.
- Smith, N. (1997) 'Improving a Tagger'. In Garside et al. (1997)
Miscellaneous tables
This section consists of a series of supplementary tables listing values used for some open or semi open value-lists, and other aspects of the corpus and its encoding not provided by the reference information in section bnctags.
- XML tag usage by text type gives a breakdown of XML tag usage by text type
- Voice quality codes lists the most frequent values used in the corpus for the new attribute on the <shift> element, to indicate changes in voice quality for spoken texts
- Gap descriptions lists the most frequent values used in the corpus for the desc attribute on the <gap> element, to describe material not transcribed in spoken texts
- Event descriptions lists the most frequent values used in the corpus for the desc attribute on the <event> element, which describes non-linguistic events noted by the transcriber of a spoken text
- Speaker relationships lists the codes used to identify the roles relationships of participants, as specified in the role attribute on <person>
- Text and genre classification codes lists the text-type codes making up David Lee's text classification system as applied to the BNC.
- Contracted forms and multiwords lists all the multiword items identified by the CLAWS system and tagged as <mw> elements, together with the C5 wordclass tag assigned to each of their constituent parts
- Simplified Wordclass Tags lists the mapping between simple POS code and CLAWS5 wordclass tags
XML tag usage by text type
Each of the 4055 texts in the BNC is categorized broadly by type (written fiction, written academic prose, spoken demographic, etc.). This table lists the usage of the various XML elements documented in this manual within the corpus, both in total and in each of the different text types. Note that elements which appear only in corpus or text headers are excluded.
Voice quality codes
Gap descriptions
Event descriptions
Speaker relationships
In demographically sampled texts, the role of each speaker with respect to the respondent is supplied by the role attribute on the <person> element. The following table lists all 79 values used in the curent version of the corpus in descending frequency order.
Text and genre classification codes
Texts are classified in several different ways in the BNC, as described in section Text classification . Each text carries a number of text classification codes, specified a string of values on the target attribute of its <catRefs> element. Possible values for these codes and their significance are listed in the corpus header (see The BNC corpus header). These values are also used in the BNC indexing files described in section Creating a subcorpus and distribution tables showing the number of texts, words, and sentences classified under most of them are given above in section Design of the corpus.
One of the codes listed below is also supplied for each text as the content of a <classCode> element in its text header, as an alternative way of characterising each text. A description of the analysis scheme used and its rationale are provided in an article by David Lee (Genres, registers, text types and styles: clarifying the concepts and navigating a path through the BNC Jungle (Language Learning and Technology, vol 5 no 3, September 2001; available online at http://http://llt.msu.edu/vol5num3/lee/default.html. The codes used in the present version of the corpus have been updated to take note of a small number of corrections made by Lee on his web site (http://clix.to/davidlee00) since publication of the article.
Contracted forms and multiwords
The following tables summarize and document the tokenization decisions taken by the CLAWS system, where these do not coincide with normal orthographic convention.
The first list specifies common word-endings or enclitics which are regarded by CLAWS as indicating the start of a new ‘word’, although words containing them are conventionally represented as a single orthographic word.
The second list specifies some common two, three or four word phrases treated by CLAWS as single tokens. These are represenmted in this version of the corpus by means of a <mw> element; the table gives the C5 code assigned to this element, and also the codes assigned to the distinct <w> elements constituting it.
Contracted forms
Words ending with certain character strings are treated by CLAWS as distinct words, even though they are conventionally fused together when written. For example, ‘they're’ is treated as if it were two distinct ‘words’ — they and 're. The fact that these two items are orthographically fused is evident in the XML encoding of the corpus because there is no whitespace following the string ‘they’. Some XML processors may however assume that the end of an XML element such as the <w> enclosing the string should always be treated as a word separator, and may therefore introduce unwanted extra space.
In the following table we show how contracted forms are tokenized by CLAWS. The left column shows the contracted form; the right column shows the content of the two or more <w> elements used to represent it.
Multiwords
CLAWS recognizes certain sequences of orthographically distinct words as constituting a single item: examples include common prepositional phrases such as ‘in spite of’, as well as phrases from other languages such as ‘aide memoire’. In this version of the corpus, such items are explicitly tagged using an XML <mw> (for multiword) tag carrying the appropriate wordclass tag, as indicated below. Within this <mw> element however, in a departure from earlier versions of the corpus, the individual words are also tagged using <w> tags in the same way as elsewhere in the corpus.
The following table lists all multiwords recognized in the corpus alphabetically, indicating both the wordclass codes assigned to it, and also the wordclass codes assigned to its constituent <w> elements. Note that these latter wordclass codes were assigned automatically during the XML conversion process and therefore should not be included in any assessment of the CLAWS error rate.
Simplified Wordclass Tags
Software for the BNC
A design goal of the original BNC project was that it should not be delivered in a format which was proprietary or which required the use of any particular piece of software. This, together with the desire to conform to emerging international standards, was a key factor in determining the choice of SGML as the vehicle for the corpus interchange format. Six years after this decision, SGML is still a widely used international standard format for which many public domain and commercial utilities exist. Indeed, in the shape of XML, which is a simplified version of the original standard, SGML now dominates development of the world wide web, and hence of most sectors of the information processing community. New XML software appears almost every week, and it has been adopted by current ‘major players’ from Sun and IBM to Microsoft.
That said, it must be recognised that the requirements of corpus linguists and others wishing to make use of the BNC are often rather specialist, and therefore unlikely to be supported by mainstream commercially produced software. For this and other reasons, the research user of the BNC should expect to have to do some programming. This is another reason behind the choice of XML as a vehicle for the system: because of the wide take up of these formalisms, there exist many utility libraries and generic programming interfaces which greatly simplify such processes as extracting the tags from a file, selecting portions of the text according to its logical structure, picking out files with certain attributes by searching their headers, and so on.
The BNC uses XML in a simple and straightforward way described in the rest of this manual; simple programs can be readily written using standard UNIX utilities such as grep or perl to access the corpus just as plain text files. More reliably, programs can be written to application programming interfaces (APIs) such as the W3C's Document Object Model (DOM) or the Simple API for XML (SAX), using application libraries developed for almost every modern programming language (C, Perl, Python, tcl etc.). Information about such resources is not provided here, but is readily found on the World Wide Web: currently, one good place to start looking is www.xml.com. Increasingly, support for XML is built into standard utilities such as web browsers, database systems, and stylesheet processors offering a high level of sophistication are readily available.
When the BNC was first published, the top of the range personal computer might have as much as 50 or even 100 megabytes of disk storage and 8 Mb of RAM. At the time of writing, 50 or 100 gigabyte hard disks and 640 Mb of RAM are commonplace on entry level machines. It is thus quite likely that software capable of efficiently handling the 4.5 gigabytes of text which make up the BNC will also soon become commonplace. For the moment, however, it has to be recognized that general purpose tools for XML do not always cope very well with the large size of the whole corpus, although they can still be very useful for processing subsets extracted from it. To handle the whole of the corpus, special purpose indexing software will usually be necessary. Although such systems exist, they are often expensive or difficult to implement. For that reason, the XML edition of the BNC is still provided along with its own access software called Xaira (which can, incidentally, be used with any collection of XML texts, not simply the BNC). It should be emphasized however that use of the BNC is not synonymous with use of XAIRA. Most generic tools developed for corpus linguistics and NLP can be used with the BNC, although the tools may be vary in the extent to which they can make use of the markup in the corpus.
Whatever software is used, the programmer must have a clear understanding of the various elements tagged in the corpus, the contexts in which they may appear, and their intended semantics. The syntax of an XML document is defined by a schema. For TEI conformant texts, the TEI Header provides additional meta-information. The semantics of XML elements are provided by documentation such as that provided elsewhere in this manual.
The BNC delivery format
These three components are all included as part of the standard release of the corpus.
Text files
The BNC is delivered in compressed format, using the GNU tar utility. When expanded, it comprises 4054 distinct files, ranging in size from 1 to 45 Kbytes, and totalling about 1.5 Gbytes. Each file contains a single BNC document, i.e. a TEI header and its associated spoken or written text, and has the same name as the value of the id attribute on its <bncDoc> element. Files are grouped according to their names into a three-level hierarchy. For example, all files with names beginning AA are in a subdirectory AA, which is within a subdirectory A (along with all other subdirectories beginning with the letter A). Not all possible three-letter filenames are actually used.
Each single-letter subdirectory (A to K, excluding I) is delivered as a separate compressed archive file. The whole corpus should be unpacked into a single hierarchy, which, as delivered, is called BNC/Texts. The full name for the corpus text with identifier ABC is thus BNC/Texts/A/AB/ABC.
Note that the three-character identifiers used (and hence the directory structure) are entirely arbitrary and do not convey any information about the type of text contained. Each text contains a TEI Header which specifies all such meta information, either directly, or by reference to the corpus header, as described in section The header. For convenience, however, this release includes an XML file called bncIndex.xml and a simple finder file called bncfinder.dat either of which may be used to select files of particular types, as further discussed in Creating a subcorpus .
XML components
- bncxml.rng
- The BNC XML schema expressed in RelaxNG syntax
- bncxml.rng
- The BNC XML schema expressed in RelaxNG compact syntax
- bncxml.rng
- The BNC XML schema expressed in W3C schema language
- bncxml.rng
- The BNC XML schema expressed as a Document Type Definition (DTD)
- driver1.sgm and driver2.sgm
- Example XML driver files for processing the BNC.
- bncfinder.dat and bncIndex.xml
- Ancillary data files which may be used to facilitate access to the corpus (see Creating a subcorpus below.)
The remainder of this section discusses how these files may be used together as an XML document. This is by no means the only way of processing the corpus, of course, and is intended solely to demonstrate the function of the various files listed above. Some basic understanding of the components of an XML system is assumed.
- display.xsl
- converts a BNC text to an HTML format which can be read directly in a browser
- justthetext.xsl
- removes all the tagging from a BNC text; also removes the whole of the header.
- onewordperline.xsl
- converts a BNC text to a "one word per line" format
- justthecodes.xsl
- removes all the words from a BNC text; also removes the whole of the header.
The BNC corpus header
As discussed in section Basic structure above, the BNC consists of an overall corpus header, and a large number of distinct BNC documents, each with its own header. The corpus header must be present for an XML processor to work with any part of the Corpus, because the corpus header contains declarations of elements (such as the classification records) referred to by almost every part of the corpus.
The various elements making up the header and their functions are discussed in section The header. The corpus header itself is included in the file bncHdr.xml.
Creating a subcorpus
Two files are provided with this version of the corpus to assist in the selection of files according to their classification codes: bncfinder.dat and bncIndex.xml.
Using bncfinder.dat
The classification codes used in the bncfinder.dat file are listed in section Text and genre classification codes.
Using bncIndex.xml
- <idno>
- The three character identifier of the text
- <title>
- Either the short title of the text, taken from the <title> in the <fileDesc>, or the phrase [Unscripted conversation]
- <class>
- A classification code applied to the text, as giuven by the target attribute of the <catRef> element. One <class> is given for each classification and the following attributes are used to specify it:
- <genre>
- The genre code assigned to this text in David Lee's classification scheme, as recorded in the <classCode> element in its header
- <counts>
- Size of this text measured in various ways, as specified by the following attributes:
XML files may be processed in many different ways, but one of the most convenient is to use an XSLT stylesheet to transform it for display or search it. XSLT is a very high-level programming language defined by the W3C, which offers the ability to transform and process XML documents in a variety of ways. It is (at the time of writing) the language of choice for manipulating XML on the web, where a large number of free tools and tutorials may also be found.
List of Sources
This section gives brief descriptions for the sources of all texts included in the corpus.
- 6688 words from [ACET factsheets & newsletters]. Aids Care Education & Training London 1991-09
- 7851 words from [ACET AIDS leaflets] Aids Care Education & Training London 1991
- 3378 words from ACET Annual Review 1990/91. Aids Care Education & Training London 1991
- 19310 words from Amnesty. Amnesty International London 1991-06
- 38875 words from Art criticism: a user's guide. Darracott, Joseph Bellew Publishing Company Ltd London 1991
- 41110 words from Authors. Miller, Karl Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 60-163
- 35807 words from So you want to be an actor? Rendle, Adrian A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd London 1991 5-107
- 39139 words from The tragedy of belief. Fulton, John Oxford University Press Oxford 1991
- 40097 words from The big glass. Josipovici, Gabriel Carcanet Press Manchester 1991
- 5782 words from [CAMRA fact sheets] CAMRA St Albans
- 11686 words from Trouble brewing. Holder, R Powers, A Parissien, S Langford, N Gamston, David CAMRA St Albans 1991
- 30073 words from Caterer & Hotelkeeper. Reed Publishing Group Sutton, Surrey 1991
- 36147 words from A classic English crime. Heald, Tim Pavilion Books Ltd London 1990 96-216
- 14737 words from The seventh Birmingham International Film & TV Festival. Enterprise Magazines Ltd Birmingham 1991
- 39211 words from Part of the furniture. Falk, Michael Bellew Publishing Company Ltd London 1991 1-146
- 35764 words from Gardeners' World. Redwood Publishing Company. London 1991
- 39656 words from Gliding safety. Piggott, Derek A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd London 1991 pp 9-91
- 24448 words from [Health promotion and education leaflets] u.p.
- 38619 words from An inside job: policing and police culture in Britain. Young, Malcolm Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 2-106
- 40572 words from Jay loves Lucy. Cooper, Fiona Serpent's Tail London 1991 11-154
- 23736 words from Winning karate competition. Mitchell, David A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd London 1991 10-108
- 39784 words from King Cameron. Craig, David Carcanet Press Manchester 1991 15-113
- 41603 words from Leonard Cohen: prophet of the heart. Dorman, Loranne S Rawlins, Clive L Omnibus Press London 1990
- 32309 words from Nudists may be encountered. Scott, Mary Serpent's Tail London 1991 7-115
- 1515 words from [Official leaflets] u.p.
- 39428 words from The pursuit of mind. Tallis, Raymond Robinson, Howard Carcanet Press Manchester 1991
- 35634 words from So very English. Rowe, Martha Serpent's Tail London 1990
- 19953 words from Tennis World. Presswatch Sussex 1991-08
- 10589 words from Fitness with weights. Fleet, Alan A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd London 1991
- 31862 words from Woodworker. Argus Specialist Publications Hemel Hempstead 1991-08
- 18464 words from [Age Concern fact sheets] Age Concern England Mitcham
- 23199 words from [Age Concern newsletter and information] Age Concern England Mitcham
- 40836 words from BR in the eighties. St John Thomas, David Whitehouse, Patrick David & Charles Publishers plc Newton Abbot, Devon 1990
- 46386 words from A ballet-maker's handbook. Lawson, Joan A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd London 1991
- 4455 words from [CAMRA information leaflets] CAMRA St Albans
- 22108 words from What's brewing. CAMRA St Albans 1991-10
- 30080 words from Climber and Hill Walker. George Outram & Company Ltd Glasgow 1991-08
- 32288 words from Do It Yourself Magazine. Link House Magazines Ltd Croydon 1991-09
- 23352 words from Dogs Today. Burlington Publishing Company Ltd Windsor 1992-02, 1992-04
- 34134 words from Dostoevsky. Jones, John Clarendon Press Oxford 1983
- 39977 words from Electronics and Wireless World. Reed Business Publishing Group Ltd Sutton, Surrey 1991-09
- 40696 words from Exploding English. Bergonzi, Bernard Clarendon Press Oxford 1990
- 47238 words from Studies in Ezra Pound. Davie, Donald Carcanet Press London 1991
- 4142 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 9537 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8717 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 9909 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3007 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 13407 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1842 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1788 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Living section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 4808 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Science pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 14330 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Sport section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2488 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-02: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1548 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 11118 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8816 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 4059 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Focus section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 22274 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3840 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3223 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Health pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 15112 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1615 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1352 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8163 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Sport pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2420 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-03: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3247 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Living section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3383 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10899 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8475 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 11135 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3349 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 15224 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2012 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3299 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Living section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2632 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Media section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 12646 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Sport pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3151 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-04: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 6149 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 11826 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8443 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2948 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Education section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 4197 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Focus section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 9594 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2906 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 15591 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2818 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 14275 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Sport pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2831 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-05: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 5512 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10782 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8130 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10945 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3615 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 15120 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3420 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Law section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2301 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 12779 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Sport pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1914 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-06: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 7247 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 5840 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Book reviews. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 9568 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3127 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Motoring pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2234 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Antiques pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8503 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1918 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Focus section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8234 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Food pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 9268 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1831 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Gardening pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3319 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 13238 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1321 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 4555 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3396 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Property section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 14392 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Sport pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2875 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Style section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 6066 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 7721 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-07: Travel section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3928 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10136 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8609 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10104 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 4143 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 12616 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3197 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Living section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 4326 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Science section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 13667 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Sport section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2455 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-09: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3184 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 12044 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8408 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3355 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Focus section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 12394 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3546 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2938 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Health pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 13324 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 4422 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10230 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Sport section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2831 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-10: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3051 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Architecture section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3816 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 12109 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8651 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10104 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3673 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 15623 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3039 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3130 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Living section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2576 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Media section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10926 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Sport section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 1878 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-11: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 5709 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8322 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3756 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Education section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3792 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Focus section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 11933 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3299 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 16373 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2007 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 11860 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Sport section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3740 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-12: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 5184 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10506 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8095 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10883 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2808 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 17278 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 4581 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Law pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3151 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Listings section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 11747 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Sport section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2671 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-13: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 5206 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Arts section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 5140 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Book reviews. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 10361 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3139 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Motoring pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2435 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Antiques pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 8599 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Editorials Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2856 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Food pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 9732 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Foreign news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2056 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Gardening pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3331 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Gazette section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 15169 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Home news pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 6730 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Business section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 3508 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Property section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 15317 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Sport section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 2483 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Style section. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 5206 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Frontpages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 7482 words from Independent, electronic edition of 1989-10-14: Travel pages. Newspaper Publishing plc London 1989
- 41884 words from Inside the RUC. Brewer, John Magee, Kathleen Clarendon Press Oxford 1991
- 15724 words from KBS open learning MBA programme. BPP Publishing Ltd London 1989
- 44439 words from Invasion. Millin, Bill The Book Guild Ltd Lewes, East Sussex 1991
- 25676 words from Media and voters. Miller, William L Clarendon Press Oxford 1991
- 7185 words from National Insurance Statutory Sick Pay. Statutory Maternity Pay from 6 April 1991 for employers. u.p.
- 41479 words from One step backwards, two steps forward. Pethybridge, Roger Clarendon Press Oxford 1990 22-144
- 34043 words from Outdoor Action. Hawker Consumer Publications London 1991-08
- 43862 words from The people's peace: British history 1945-1989. Morgan, Kenneth O Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 397-517
- 32657 words from [RAFA journal and miscellaneous info] Royal Air Force Association
- 48486 words from Michael Ramsey: a life. Chadwick, Owen Oxford University Press Oxford 1991
- 40471 words from Reflections of a statesman: the writings and speeches of Enoch Powell. Powell, Enoch selected by Rex Collings Bellew Publishing Company Ltd London 1991 511-615
- 44116 words from The rock file. York, Norton Oxford University Press Oxford 1991
- 47071 words from The savage and the city in the work of T S Eliot. Crawford, Robert Clarendon Press Oxford 1990
- 32474 words from Seeing in the dark. Breakwell, Ian Hammond, Paul Serpent's Tail London 1990
- 46191 words from Sexual dissidence. Dollimore, Jonathan Clarendon Press Oxford 1991
- 25383 words from I was a teenage sex pistol. Silverton, Pete Matlock, Glen Omnibus Press London 1990
- 37784 words from Thatcherism and British politics. Kavanagh, Dennis Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 209-319
- 43756 words from Twentieth century British history. Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-106
- 36828 words from Three times table. Maitland, Sara Chatto & Windus Ltd London 1990
- 42841 words from Advice from the top. Oates, David Ezra, Derek David & Charles Publishers plc Newton Abbot, Devon 1989
- 31881 words from Africa's way: a journey from the past. Cockcroft, Laurence I B Tauris & Company Ltd London 1990
- 33552 words from Amongst women. McGahern, J Faber & Faber Ltd London 1990
- 27767 words from Angler's Mail. mixed u.p.
- 39726 words from Marxism and anthropology: the history of a relationship. Bloch, Maurice Oxford University Press Oxford 1984 1-96
- 43745 words from Arctic odyssey: travelling Arctic Europe. Sale, Richard Oliver, Tony The Crowood Press Marlborough, Wilts 1991
- 26310 words from Oxford Art Journal. Oxford University Press Oxford 1991
- 43110 words from Finding a voice: Asian women in Britain. Wilson, Amrit Virago Press Ltd London 1988
- 30010 words from Autocar and Motor. Haymarket Magazines Ltd Teddington, Middlesex 1990-10-10; 1990-03-1
- 36281 words from Autocar and Motor. Haymarket Magazines Ltd Teddington, Middlesex 1991
- 29220 words from Sport and the British. Holt, Richard Oxford University Press Oxford 1989
- 35423 words from Best. Periodical Publishers Assoc. London 1991-04-11; 1991-01-9
- 40519 words from The best man to die. Rendell, Ruth Arrow Books Ltd London 1981
- 39146 words from Billy Bayswater. Watts, Nigel Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1990
- 32851 words from Your body clock: how to live with it. Waterhouse, J M Waterhouse M E Minors, D S Oxford University Press Oxford 1990
- 39347 words from A day in the life of the British Army. Dewar, Michael David & Charles Publishers plc Newton Abbot, Devon 1990
- 36970 words from Converting old buildings. Johnson, Alan David & Charles Publishers plc Newton Abbot, Devon 1988
- 33055 words from Bury the dead. Carter, Peter Oxford University Press Oxford 1986
- 37392 words from C S Lewis: a biography. Wilson, A N Collins UK 1990
- 41449 words from Country Living. The National Magazine Company Ltd London 1991
- 26408 words from Caterer & Hotelkeeper. Reed Publishing Group Sutton, Surrey 1991-01-9725
- 19322 words from [Charity leaflets and letters] u.p.
- 38018 words from Charles and Diana. Junor, Penny Headline Book Publishing plc London 1991
- 26373 words from The charnel house. McGrath, Eamonn The Blackstaff Press Ltd Belfast 1990
- 24148 words from [Church magazines and leaflets] u.p.
- 40872 words from British cinema: the lights that failed. Park, James B T Batsford Ltd London 1990
- 21492 words from Clothes Show. Redwood Publishing Company. London 1991
- 18090 words from Clothes Show. Redwood Publishing Company. London 1991
- 5263 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 8406 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 289 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 8802 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 24367 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 711 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10463 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: News and features. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10300 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 844 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-08: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 218 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Applied Science pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 7087 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 390 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Religious affairs stories. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 9796 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 833 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 11070 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 13204 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 13418 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 349 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Applied Science pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 2584 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: News and features. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 12089 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 6983 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-11: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 5416 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: Applied Science pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 18424 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 3141 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 8029 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
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- 22847 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 1032 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 3453 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: News and features. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 11622 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 2346 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-11-23: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 6474 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Applied Science pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 1577 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 660 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Religious affairs stories. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 8415 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 285 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10362 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 22677 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 5212 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: News and features. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 12419 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 2333 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-07: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 6522 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: Applied Science pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 2265 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10117 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10204 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 22746 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 832 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 6610 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: News and features. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 9929 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 2666 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-08: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 66 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-10: Applied Science pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 2900 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-10: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 23195 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-10: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 18288 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-10: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 18635 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-10: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 280 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-10: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 23918 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-10: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 3526 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-10: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 982 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-11: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 3705 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-11: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 11338 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-11: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 12350 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-11: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 576 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-11: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 13743 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-11: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 752 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-11: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 8663 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-13: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 7060 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-13: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 7203 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-13: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 19598 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-13: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 689 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-13: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 251 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-13: News and features. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10046 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-13: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 14919 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-13: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 4977 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-20: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 8674 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-20: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
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- 8991 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-20: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 17278 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-20: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 18192 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-21: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 6697 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-21: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 9884 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-21: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 16925 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-21: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 1293 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-21: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 11224 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-21: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 16555 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-21: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 5166 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-22: Applied Science pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 5944 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-22: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 7132 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-22: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 9498 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-22: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 20792 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-22: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 1840 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-22: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 8909 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-22: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 8357 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-22: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 2390 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-31: Arts section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10016 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-31: Business section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 6977 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-31: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10093 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-31: Home news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 20724 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-31: Leisure pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 12084 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-31: Sport section. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 7345 words from The Guardian, electronic edition of 1989-12-31: Foreign news pages. Guardian Newspapers Ltd London 1989
- 10531 words from Adkin. Moving in Oxfordshire. Harnel Heath Ltd 1992
- 34417 words from Blissed out. Reynolds, Simon Serpent's Tail London 1990
- 36275 words from The perfect English country house. Lycett Green, Candida Pavilion Books Ltd London 1991
- 37914 words from In other words … David Bowie. Juby, Kerry Omnibus Press London 1986
- 37976 words from Defending the world: the politics and diplomacy of the environment. Adamson, David I B Tauris & Company Ltd London 1990
- 40048 words from Death of a partner. Neel, Janet Constable & Company Ltd London 1991
- 37437 words from Britain's defence dilemma: An inside view (rethinking British defence policy in the post-imperial era). Jackson, General Sir William B T Batsford Ltd London 1990
- 40171 words from Delicatessen: a celebration and cookbook. Moon, Rosemary David & Charles Publishers plc Newton Abbot, Devon 1989
- 40576 words from Dolphins: their life and survival. Donoghue, Michael Wheeler, Annie Blandford (Cassell plc) London 1990
- 55650 words from The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Ltd London 1991
- 60034 words from The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Ltd London 1991
- 60007 words from The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Ltd London 1990
- 60087 words from The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Ltd London 1991
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- 80582 words from The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Ltd London 1991
- 58537 words from The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Ltd London 1991
- 33453 words from Edward Thomas: a portrait. Thomas, R George Oxford University Press Oxford 1987 1-69
- 40442 words from The empiricists. Woolhouse, R S Oxford University Press Oxford 1988
- 39983 words from Introduction to English law, 10th edition. Geldart, William Yardley, D C M Oxford University Press Oxford 1991
- 38131 words from England versus West Indies. Cotter, Gerry The Crowood Press Marlborough, Wilts 1991
- 55107 words from Esquire. The National Magazine Company Ltd London 1991-04
- 34736 words from Ministers decide. Fowler, Norman Chapmans Publishers Ltd London 1991
- 37854 words from I believe. Carey, George SPCK London 1991
- 33760 words from Jane's journey. Bow, Jean The Book Guild Ltd Lewes, East Sussex 1991
- 36224 words from Jubilee wood. Hassall, Angela Oxford University Press Oxford 1989
- 6483 words from Running out of excuses. Campaign for Labour Representation in NI Belfast/London 1991
- 35678 words from Man at the sharp end. Kilby, M The Book Guild Ltd Lewes, East Sussex 1991
- 37653 words from Misfortunes of Nigel. Pitt-Kethley, Fiona P Owen 1991 67-173
- 34582 words from On the edge. Cross, Gillian Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 66-170
- 35699 words from Paper faces. Anderson, Rachel Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-116
- 40295 words from A poet could not but be gay. Kirkup, James Peter Owen Publishers London 1991
- 33078 words from The reluctant Samaritan. Beechey, Winifred Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-131
- 39814 words from Science and the past. Bowman, Sheridan British Museum Press London 1991
- 29684 words from The masks of death. Cecil, Robert The Book Guild Ltd Lewes, East Sussex 1991
- 40290 words from The lock. Gates, Susan Oxford University Press Oxford 1990
- 36102 words from Willoughby's phoney war. Fox, William The Book Guild Ltd Lewes, East Sussex 1991
- 35937 words from Lo and behold! Dennis, Trevor SPCK London 1991
- 37491 words from Britain on the breadline. Laybourn, Keith Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd Gloucester 1990
- 36837 words from Principles of criminal law. Ashworth, Andrew Oxford University Press Oxford 1991
- 38632 words from Dandelion days. Howell, Bette Chapmans Publishers Ltd London 1991
- 36540 words from Through the devil's gateway. Archer, L J Joseph, A et al Byrne, L Gombrich, S G SPCK London 1990
- 23354 words from Dogs Today. Burlington Publishing Company Ltd Windsor 1992-02
- 41370 words from The Face. Nick Logan London 1990
- 41734 words from The Face. Nick Logan London 1990
- 61032 words from Farmers' Weekly. Reed Business Publishing Group Haywards Heath, Sussex 1991-01-9726
- 38884 words from The fifties: portrait of an age. Lewis, Peter The Herbert Press Ltd London 1989
- 30655 words from The forest of the night. Kelly, Chris Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 2-105
- 31297 words from Frankie. Highsmith, Domini Bantam (Corgi) London 1990
- 37225 words from Gardeners' World. Redwood Publishing Company. London 1991
- 22184 words from The Gardener. Maxwell Consumer Magazines London 1991-03
- 33614 words from Get slim and stay slim. Ashcroft, Jennifer J Oxford University Press Oxford 1989
- 40014 words from Gentleman and ladies. Hill, Susan Hamish Hamilton Ltd London 1969 5-138
- 35572 words from God save Ulster! Bruce, S Oxford University Press Oxford 1990
- 24885 words from Great races. Magee, Sean Anaya Publishers Ltd London 1990
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- 40342 words from The Hitler myth: image and reality in the Third Reich. Kershaw, Ian Oxford University Press Oxford 1989
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- 4149 words from Captain Pugwash and the huge reward. Ryan, John Gungarden Books Rye, East Sussex 1991 4-43
- 14246 words from Charlemagne: founder of the Holy Roman Empire. Stewart, Bob Firebird Books Ltd Poole 1988 5-46
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- 27603 words from National curriculum English (ages 5-16). Department of Ed. & Science UK 1989-07
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- 40508 words from Postmodernism and contemporary fiction. Smyth, Edmund J B T Batsford Ltd London 1991 19-102
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- 40180 words from The railway station: a social history. Richards, Jeffrey MacKenzie, John M Oxford University Press Oxford 1988 1-93
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- 24576 words from Rottweilers: an owner's companion. Price, Les The Crowood Press Marlborough, Wilts 1991 6-104
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- 36054 words from The SAS at war 1941-1945. Kemp, Anthony John Murray (Publishers) Ltd London 1991 1-96
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- 18110 words from Scuba world. Freestyle Publications Ltd Poole 1991-10
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- 55110 words from She magazine. The National Magazine Company Ltd London 1989-10
- 26616 words from Shockwave. Forbes, Colin Pan Books Ltd London 1990
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- 25540 words from Do-it-yourself home surveying. Collard, George David & Charles Publishers plc Newton Abbot, Devon 1990 13-143
- 37915 words from The first fifty: munro-bagging without a beard. Gray, Muriel Mainstream Publishing Company Ltd Edinburgh 1991 31-162
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- 6781 words from Thomas Hardy 1840-1928. James, Elizabeth The British Library Board London 1990 1-36
- 29655 words from Tackling the inner cities. Pimlott, Ben MacGregor, Susanne Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-92
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- 36083 words from How we won the open: the caddies' stories. Dabell, Norman Anaya Publishers Ltd London 1990 7-116
- 43401 words from Freedom under Thatcher. Gearty, C A Ewing, K D Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 1-117
- 33998 words from Theatre in my blood: biography of John Cranko. Percival, John The Herbert Press Ltd London 1983 v-78
- 26878 words from Now we are thirty-something. Jennings, Charles John Murray (Publishers) Ltd London 1991 1-120
- 31926 words from The world of Thrush Green. Read Michael Joseph Ltd (Penguin) London 1990 11-119
- 38940 words from Time in history: the evolution of our general awareness of time and temporal perspective. Whitrow, G J Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 19-120
- 23409 words from Today's Horse. Aceville Publications Ltd Colchester, Essex 1991
- 26731 words from Travel. Seddon, Sue Alan Sutton/Thomas Cook Stroud/Peterborough 1991 11-144
- 42550 words from Treat me right: essays on medical law. Kennedy, Ian Oxford University Press Oxford 1988 257-363
- 29306 words from The triumph of the embryo. Wolpert, Lewis Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-103
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- 39519 words from Volcanoes. Francis, P Penguin Group London 1979
- 38739 words from The Wimbledon poisoner. Williams, Nigel Faber & Faber Ltd London 1990 1-127
- 27197 words from Wainwright in the limestone dales. Wainwright, Alfred Michael Joseph Ltd London 1991 1-122
- 36118 words from Walking on Water. Martin, Andy John Murray (Publishers) Ltd London 1991 60-163
- 36324 words from Warriors of Christendom. Matthews, John Stewart, Bob Firebird Books Ltd Poole 1988 53-168
- 39222 words from A common policy for education. Warnock, Mary Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-103
- 37475 words from The wedding present. Hodkinson, Mark Omnibus Press London 1990 5-91
- 38330 words from Wheelbarrow across the Sahara. Howard, Geoffrey Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd Gloucester 1990 12-91
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- 35041 words from Windsurfing: improving techniques. Oakley, Ben The Crowood Press Marlborough, Wilts 1987 1-118
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- 33994 words from World energy: the facts and the future. Hedley, Don Euromonitor Publications Ltd London 1986 85-176
- 6723 words from Women priests: which way will you vote? SPCK London 1990
- 35197 words from Women: a cultural review. Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-97
- 39012 words from Worlds apart. Cairney, John Mainstream Publishing Company Ltd Edinburgh 1991 217-308
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- 38501 words from Your four point plan for life. Markham, Ursula Element Books Ltd Shaftesbury, Dorset 1991 3-132
- 19865 words from [Events and entertainments leaflets] u.p.
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- 39326 words from The Challenge book of brownie stories. Moss, Robert MTB Ltd Gloucestershire 1988 44-157
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- 43448 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
- 46361 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
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- 14482 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
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- 52148 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
- 43200 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
- 47782 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
- 38427 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
- 49863 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
- 42910 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
- 41760 words from New Scientist. IPC Magazines Ltd London 1991-02-16
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- 56960 words from Guitarist. Music Maker Publications Ely, Cambs 1992-08/1993-01
- 56801 words from Guitarist. Music Maker Publications Ely, Cambs 1992-08/1993-01
- 57782 words from Guitarist. Music Maker Publications Ely, Cambs 1992-08/1993-01
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- 42673 words from New Statesman and Society. Foundation House London 1992-04-10/1992-05-15
- 47352 words from New Statesman and Society. Foundation House London 1992-04-10/1992-05-15
- 45228 words from New Statesman and Society. Foundation House London 1992-04-10/1992-05-15
- 39911 words from New Statesman and Society. Foundation House London 1992-04-10/1992-05-15
- 31110 words from New Statesman and Society. Foundation House London 1992-04-10/1992-05-15
- 38400 words from New Statesman and Society. Foundation House London 1992-04-10/1992-05-15
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- 11176 words from Egyptian gods and myths. Thomas, Angela P Shire Publications Ltd UK 1989 6-60
- 37314 words from Women of El Salvador: the price of freedom. Thomson, Marilyn Zed Books Ltd UK 1986 11-138
- 38600 words from Graduated tests in mathematics. Thorpe, Jim Ruddock, Graham Foxman, Derek Nfer-Nelson Publishing Company Ltd UK 1989 1-152
- 29089 words from Imms' general textbook of entomology vol.1. Richards, O W Davies, R G Chapman & Hall London 1977 11-115
- 36064 words from Mind and brain. Honderich, Ted Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 13-89
- 16693 words from Manpower solutions. Dean, Derek J Scutari Projects Ltd UK 1987 1-60
- 40989 words from The age of Balfour and Baldwin 1902-1940. Ramsden, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1978 65-151
- 27383 words from Proportional representation: which system? Sykes, Leslie The Hornbeam Press Leicester 1990 1-76
- 34831 words from Profitboss: 100 steps to achieving better profits. Freemantle, David Pan Books Ltd London 1988 17-221
- 31528 words from The quantum world. Polkinghorne, J C Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1984 1-82
- 40469 words from Resource-based learning. Beswick, Norman Heinemann Educational Books Ltd UK 1984 32-121
- 39484 words from Sexual aspects of social work. Stewart, W F R Woodhead-Faulkner Ltd UK 1979 13-146
- 39930 words from Stockport Grammar School 1487-1987. Ball, James Old Vicarage Publications Congleton 1987 12-99
- 42134 words from Style in fiction. Short, Michael H Leech, Geoffrey N Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1987 11-146
- 23848 words from Walking the Dales. Harding, Mike Michael Joseph Ltd London 1989 51-129
- 43082 words from Watership Down. Adams, Richard Penguin Group London 1987 15-136
- 1918 words from My favourite stories of Lakeland. Bragg, Melvyn Lutterworth Press Cambridge 1981 117-122
- 41291 words from The Americas. Lancaster, A B Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1984 1-114
- 37064 words from Armada. Gidley, Charles Fontana Paperbacks London 1988 11-120
- 6312 words from Landscape for a good woman [from Truth, dare or promise] Heron, Liz Virago Press Ltd London 1985 153-169
- 41214 words from English & Englishness. Doyle, Brian Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1989 17-132
- 9405 words from Falcon Mystère 20 -- Production History. Gates, Brian Midland Counties Publishing (Aerophile) Ltd UK 1978 4-124
- 37928 words from Matrices and engineering dynamics. Simpson, A Collar, A R Ellis Horwood Ltd Chichester 1987 11-195
- 17530 words from Myocardial infarction: acute care and rehabilitation. Carne, S J Harten-Ash, V J Duphar Laboratories Ltd UK 1990 1-51
- 33167 words from Oriental rugs: a buyer's guide. Allane, Lee Thames & Hudson Ltd UK 1988 6-108
- 14873 words from Motor racing: records, facts and champions. Morrison, Ian Guinness Publications UK 1989 7-188
- 30071 words from Regulation of the firm and natural monopoly. Waterson, Michael Basil Blackwell Ltd Oxford 1988 1-83
- 2759 words from Excerpt from My favourite stories of Lakeland. Nicholson, Norman Lutterworth Press Cambridge 1981 96-101
- 37899 words from Study for survival and success. Meredeen, Sander Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd London 1988 1-120
- 34082 words from Successful media relations: a practitioner's guide. Ridgway, Judith Gower Publishing Company Ltd Aldershot 1984 11-132
- 3948 words from Dear Green Place [from Truth, dare or promise] Riley, Denise Virago Press Ltd London 1985 237-248
- 10963 words from Water supplies and the treatment and disposal of effluents. Little, A H The Textile Institute UK 1975 1-31
- 6772 words from A poet's response to the pictures of Gauguin: [Picture appreciation lesson]
- 6882 words from [Storytelling workshop]
- 370 words from [Ralph Gardner High School: talk between teacher and caretaker]
- 926 words from [Ralph Gardner High School: art lesson for fourteen-year-olds]
- 606 words from [Mounting a picture: demonstration]
- 167 words from [School Registration]
- 4930 words from [Etching lesson]
- 60 words from [Staff meeting]
- 14042 words from [Tyneside Cinema Board meeting]
- 13815 words from [Audio Description Action Group: meeting]
- 4268 words from [Teachers' conference: discussing maths lessons]
- 15838 words from [Teachers' conference: discussing assessment procedures]
- 5736 words from [Teachers' conference: discussing assessment procedures]
- 11165 words from [COHSE/NALGO/NUPE/meeting]
- 1076 words from [Ampleforth Prep School: remedial English lesson for nine-year-olds]
- 3731 words from [Ampleforth Prep School: geography lesson for twelve-year-olds]
- 1751 words from [Ampleforth Prep School: English lesson for nine-year-olds]
- 2063 words from [Ampleforth Prep School: remedial English lesson for eleven-year-olds]
- 6065 words from [Mark Hall School: religious studies lesson for eleven-year-olds]
- 444 words from [Mark Hall School: science lesson for fourteen- and fifteen-year-olds]
- 7533 words from [Lecture for eighteen-year-old students on local councils and elections]
- 11194 words from [Lecture on Isomers]
- 19938 words from [Personal services: meeting of councillors]
- 4860 words from [Harlow Study Centre: oral history interview]
- 7777 words from [Harlow Study Centre: interview]
- 5346 words from [Harlow Study Centre: interview]
- 2068 words from [Church of Scotland: Meeting on rules and regulations]
- 10511 words from [Church of Scotland: Report on Baptism]
- 9128 words from [Church of Scotland: Meeting on rules and regulations]
- 3638 words from [Church of Scotland: Report on Church funds]
- 7816 words from [Birmingham College of Food: lecture on tourism]
- 1452 words from [Birmingham College of Food: student union induction speech]
- 3206 words from [Birmingham College of Food: lecture on food]
- 5780 words from [Harlow Rotary Club: talk on engineering]
- 5237 words from [British Red Cross first aid course]
- 11558 words from [British Red Cross first aid course]
- 5157 words from [Newcastle University Department of Marine Biology and Coastal Management: lecture on oceanography]
- 646 words from [Newcastle University Department of Marine Biology and Coastal Management: tutorial]
- 4086 words from [Newcastle University Department of Marine Biology and Coastal Management: lecture on communication skills and training video]
- 2081 words from [Newcastle University: lecture on word processing]
- 10568 words from [Norwich City College: NNEB lecture]
- 5846 words from [Norwich City College: drama course meeting and lecture]
- 5429 words from [Harlow Rotary Club : talk on atomic engineering]
- 7960 words from [Walsall Local History Centre: talk about Home Guard]
- 15816 words from [Leigh Community Centre: lecture on China]
- 5258 words from [Newcastle University: lecture on microbiology]
- 9551 words from [BNC Project: weekly progress meeting]
- 5602 words from Computers and the humanities. Kenny, A u.p.
- 38385 words from Adam's paradise. Rush, A Macmillan Publishers Ltd Basingstoke 1989 1-146
- 26575 words from An introduction to archaeology. Atkins, R Atkins, L Quintet Publishing Ltd London 1989 8-122
- 40201 words from The administration of justice. u.p. n.d. 227-312
- 42395 words from The adultery department. Bryers, P Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd London 1993 1-130
- 39669 words from Advertising: what it is and how to do it. White, R McGraw-Hill Book Company Maidenhead 1993 44-137
- 40412 words from The trials of life. Attenborough, David David Collins & sons London 1990 1-161
- 40178 words from Beyond the inner city. Byrne, D Open University Press Milton Keynes 1989 3-98
- 38171 words from The birdwatcher's handbook: a guide to the natural history of the birds of Britain and Europe. Ehrlich, Paul R. et al Oxford University Press Oxford 1994 9-123
- 28867 words from Bookseller. J Whitaker & sons London 1993
- 38874 words from Introduction to contemporary epistemology. Dancy, J Blackwell Oxford 1992
- 39112 words from Church and realm: 1272-1461. Heath, P Fontana Press London 1988 1-127
- 8430 words from City psalms. Zephaniah, B Bloodaxe books ltd Newcastle upon Tyne 1992 11-64
- 41424 words from Cold War Europe 1945-1989: a political history. Young, J Edward Arnold London 1991 1-86
- 36184 words from A compass error. Bedford, S Virago Press Ltd London 1993 53-168
- 41180 words from Contemporary British society. Urry, J Walby, S Warde, A Soothill, K Abercrombie, N Blackwell Oxford 1993 206-329
- 38544 words from Curricula for diversity in education. Swann, W Booth, T Masterton, M Potts, P Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1992 9-113
- 41935 words from Dance till the stars come down. A biography of John Minton. Spalding, F Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1991 87-205
- 38105 words from Discourse analysis. Yule, G Brown, G Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1991 1-112
- 38551 words from Discourse. Cook, G Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 3-110
- 43560 words from Deceit. Darvill-Evans, P Virgin London 1993 157-295
- 43254 words from Doctor Who: the early years. Bentham, J W H Allen & Company plc London 1986 29-207
- 41498 words from Restructuring Britain: the economy in question. Allen, J Massey, D Sage Publications Ltd London 1988 8-108
- 39027 words from Environment and enforcement regulation and the social definition. Hawkins, K Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 3-93
- 39438 words from The French Pyrenees. Sturrock, J Faber & Faber Ltd London 1988 5-117
- 42792 words from First degree: the undergraduate curriculum. Squires, G Open University Press Milton Keynes 1990 1-118
- 7294 words from Further developments of the electronic book. Feldman, Tony BNBR London 1991
- 36619 words from Gender and subject in higher education. Thomas, K Open University Press Milton Keynes 1990 1-80
- 39955 words from Human resource strategies. Salaman, G Mabey, C Hamblin, H Thompson Cameron, S Iles, P Open University Press Milton Keynes 1992
- 41467 words from Ideology and opinions. Billig, M Sage Publications Ltd London 1991 57-167
- 40352 words from The ladykiller. Cole, M Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 143-269
- 41720 words from Lexical semantics. Cruse, D A Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1991 1-124
- 40427 words from Linguistic variation and change. Milroy, J Blackwell Oxford 1992 48-160
- 39538 words from Living space in fact and fiction. Tristram, P Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1989 1-69
- 41333 words from Losing out: the emergence of a UK underclass. Field, F Blackwell Oxford 1989 82-196
- 48205 words from The making of the English landscape. Hoskins, W Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1992 140-242
- 40496 words from Managing innovation. u.p. n.d. 7-113
- 41125 words from Masai dreaming. Cartwright, J Macmillan Publishers Ltd Basingstoke 1993 50-182
- 40750 words from Material culture and mass consumption. Miller, D Blackwell Oxford 1987 68-167
- 38616 words from Curriculum evaluation in schools. McCormick, R James, M Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1990 5-121
- 42877 words from Men who overturned empires. Tinker, H Macmillan Publishers Ltd Basingstoke 1987
- 41833 words from Murder forestalled. Chester, P Chivers Press UK 1990 7-151
- 8290 words from The other country. Duffy, C A Anvil Poetry Press London 1990 7-55
- 41061 words from Pillion riders. Taylor, E R Peter Owen 1993 38-165
- 40433 words from Principles of hotel and catering law. Pannett, A Cassell London 1992
- 37138 words from Public sector financial control and accounting. Glynn, J Blackwell Oxford 1993 15-146
- 29484 words from A question of place: exploring the practice of human geography. Johnston, R J Blackwell Oxford 1991 9-171
- 40461 words from Race, culture and difference. Donald, J Rattansi, A Open University Press Milton Keynes 1993 1-97
- 40258 words from The radiant way. Drabble, Margaret Penguin Group London 1988 1-103
- 42560 words from Rethinking the Russian revolution. Acton, Edward Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1992 5-106
- 42759 words from Rural Britain: a social geography. Williams, A Phillips, D Blackwell Oxford 1985 47-174
- 37287 words from Studying popular music. Middleton, R Open University Press Milton Keynes 1993 3-83
- 21440 words from The history of Siberia: from Russian conquest to revolution. Wood, Alan Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1991 1-91
- 42666 words from Social classes in Marxist theory. Cottrell, A Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1984 158-265
- 37459 words from Sociology: themes and perspectives. Holborn, M Haralambos, M HarperCollins London 1991 1-80
- 39338 words from Spain 1808-1975. Carr, R Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 1-129
- 23023 words from Cinema secrets: Special effects. Millar, D Quintet Publishing Ltd London 1990 7-103
- 38992 words from Summer's lease. Mortimer, J Penguin Group London 1988 1-155
- 36126 words from Symbols of excellence. Clark, G Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1986 1-106
- 36560 words from The Greek world: 479-323BC. Hornblower, S Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1991 32-126
- 40517 words from The penal system. Dignan, J Cavadino, M Sage Publications Ltd London 1992 9-117
- 31714 words from Ways of communicating. Mellor, D M Bateson, P Alvey, J Chomsky, N Goehr Barlow, H Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1990 4-124
- 39469 words from What is this thing called science? Chalmers, A F Open University Press Milton Keynes 1992 1-120
- 14636 words from Women's Art Magazine. Townsend, S Women artists slide library London 1992-10
- 12898 words from Zoom. Armitage, S Bloodaxe books ltd Newcastle upon Tyne 1989 9-80
- 29838 words from Community development journal. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993-07 199-287
- 26656 words from The Criminal Law Review. Ashworth, Andrew Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-138
- 31203 words from The Criminal Law Review. Ashworth, Andrew Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-386
- 56615 words from Esquire. The National Magazine Company Ltd London 1993
- 68556 words from Esquire. The National Magazine Company Ltd London 1992
- 51359 words from Practical Fishkeeping. EMAP Pursuit Publishing Ltd Peterborough, Cambs 1992
- 30146 words from Nature. Macmillan Magazines Ltd London 1993
- 11697 words from Photography. Argus Specialist Publications Hemel Hempstead 1990
- 4126 words from The Weekly Law Reports 1992 Volume 3. u.p.
- 6187 words from The Weekly Law Reports 1992 Volume 3. u.p.
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- 27942 words from The repatriations from Austria in 1945. Cowgill, Brigadier Anthony Sinclair-Stevenson Ltd London 1990 1-112
- 38682 words from The computer-based design process. Medland, A J Kogan Page Ltd London 1986 13-214
- 34747 words from Herbs. Bonar, Ann Ward Lock Ltd London 1989 10-103
- 38331 words from Left side right side. Beaton, Alan Batsford Academic & Educational UK 1985 62-140
- 42992 words from The L-shaped room. Banks, Lynne Reid Penguin Group London 1987 98-206
- 25873 words from Lectures on electromagnetic theory. Solymar, L Oxford University Press Oxford 1984 5-118
- 23971 words from Living mathematics for the Caribbean. Book 1. Ferguson, I S Macmillan Publishers Ltd Basingstoke 1988 v-170
- 17099 words from Model financial statements for public and private companies. Stoy Hayward Butterworth & Company (pub) Ltd UK 1990 1-115
- 38751 words from Old serpent Nile. A journey to the source. Stewart, Stanley John Murray (Publishers) Ltd London 1991 3-120
- 39752 words from Ring of fire. Blair, Lorne Bantam (Corgi) London 1988 9-127
- 38695 words from The seaman: a history of the National Union of Seamen. Marsh, Arthur Malthouse Publishing UK 1989 1-83
- 34083 words from Still life. Byatt, A S Penguin Group London 1988 1-84
- 44487 words from Student's guide to success. Cassie, W Fisher Constantine, T Macmillan Education Ltd UK 1989 1-119
- 38048 words from Supersense: perception in the animal world. Downer, John BBC Books UK 1989 8-145
- 36671 words from Temporary employment. Casey, Bernard PSI Publications UK 1988 12-147
- 33766 words from The vitality diet: the revolutionary health plan that can change your life. Stewart, Alan Stewart, Maryon Thorsons Publishers UK 1990 7-229
- 33660 words from Writing crime fiction. Keating, H R F A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd London 1986 3-72
- 4716 words from Menopause: television discussion
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- 5060 words from Scottish Women: discussion about `the body beautiful'
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- 4997 words from Scottish women: discussion about smoking
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- 5252 words from Scottish women: discussion about sex education
- 10830 words from General Portfolio health and safety meeting
- PS1PT
- 38, Roger, first aid representative
- PS1PU
- 47, Roger, first aid representative
- PS1PV
- 36, Peter, first aid representative
- PS1PW
- 32, Katie, first aid representative
- PS1PX
- 24, Dianne, first aid representative
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- 28, Suzanne, first aid representative
- PS1R0
- 58, Norman, first aid representative
- PS1R1
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- 26, Steve, first aid representative
- FLSPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- FLSPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4243 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
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- 5198 words from 11th year science lesson on chemistry of metal processing
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- 9460 words from Defensive driving techniques: Lecture/seminar
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- 14672 words from Missprint planning meeting
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- 11203 words from Tutorial lesson: GCSE maths tutoring session
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- 11058 words from Strangers - talk by PC Bruce: Talk/presentation
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- 3305 words from Science lesson: year 10
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- 5582 words from York University Careers Service: careers interview
- 10660 words from Tutorial lesson: GCSE maths
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- 13734 words from Tutorial lesson: junior-level spelling and maths
- 6296 words from Tutorial lesson: junior-level spelling and maths
- 5924 words from Tutorial lesson: junior-level spelling and maths
- 5768 words from `How we can change the world by our witness': confirmation preparation lesson
- 7179 words from What archaeologists do: discussions
- 5626 words from Tutorial lesson: maths
- 11289 words from Planning and development in York: greenbelt planning - public enquiry
- 15376 words from Planning and development in York: greenbelt planning - public enquiry
- 13113 words from Tutorial lesson: GCSE chemistry
- 11933 words from Legal advice: pre-retirement course
- 41967 words from Algorithmic learning. Hutchinson, Alan Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 2-5
- 6263 words from Alice in Wonderland: Oxford Bookworms edition. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 42081 words from Memory and desire. Appignanesi, L Fontana Press London 1992 295-410
- 38552 words from An awfully big adventure. Bainbridge, B Duckworth & Company Ltd London 1990 49-192
- 31070 words from Black holes and Uncle Albert. Stannard, R Faber. 1991 3-145
- 40691 words from Richard Branson: the inside story. Brown, M Headline Book Publishing plc London 1989 157-303
- 10527 words from The Brontë story: Oxford Bookworms edition. Vicary, Tim Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-56
- 40887 words from The brooch of azure midnight. Gay, A Orbit London 1993 259-384
- 42907 words from The Maid of Buttermere. Bragg, Melvyn Sceptre (Hodder) London 1991 75-192
- 43909 words from Corporate power and responsibility. Parkinson, JE Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 3-136
- 40000 words from Callanish. Horwood, W Penguin Group London 1985 13-135
- 41129 words from The changing population of Britain. Brass, W Joshi, H Ermisch, J Thane, P Kiernan, K Blackwell Oxford 1990 56-175
- 5523 words from The coldest place on earth: Oxford Bookworms edition. Vicary, Tim Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-39
- 38763 words from Complicity. Banks, Iain Little, Brown & Company London 1993
- 38894 words from Conjure me. Curtis, J Corgi Books London 1993 203-331
- 34576 words from Cases & materials on constitutional & administrative law. Thompson, B Walsh, B Allen, M Blackstone Press London 1990 1-70
- 38131 words from Consumption, identity and style. Tomlinson, Alan Ewen, S Cubitt, S Tomlinson, A Murdock, G Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1991 121-239
- 39092 words from Crimson. Conran, S Penguin Group London 1992 289-426
- 35768 words from Culture. Williams, R Fontana Press London 1981 9-141
- 5161 words from Dead Man's Island: Oxford Bookworms edition. Escott, John Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-39
- 40756 words from The possession of Delia Sutherland. Neil, B Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd London 1993 59-179
- 38231 words from Design of computer data files. Hanson, O Pitman Publishing London 1989 144-287
- 39668 words from The diamond waterfall. Haines, P u.p. 1984 9-123
- 43048 words from Disabling barriers: enabling environment. Finkelstein, V Oliver, M Swain, J French, S Sage Publications Ltd London 1993
- 39257 words from Don't cry alone. Cox, J Headline Book Publishing plc London 1992
- 6203 words from The phantom of the opera: Oxford Bookworms edition. Bassett, J Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-40
- 37055 words from Flood water. Ling, P Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 3-108
- 38754 words from Tell them I'm on my way. Goodman, A Chapmans Publishers Ltd London 1993 183-264
- 6645 words from Grace Darling: Oxford Bookworms edition. Vicary, Tim Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-40
- 40860 words from Green and pleasant land: social change in rural England. Newby, H Wildwood house Middlesex 1985
- 5760 words from Anne of Green Gables: Oxford Bookworms edition. Oxford University Press Oxford
- 23934 words from Great Expectations: Oxford Bookworms edition. West, Claire Dickens, C Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-86
- 15297 words from Gulliver's travels: Oxford Bookworms edition. Oxford University Press Oxford
- 34625 words from A shorter history of Greek art. Robertson, M Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1992 1-89
- 35175 words from War in high heels. Falconer, P Nexus London 1993 92-199
- 42223 words from In tune with heaven: report of the Archbishops' Commission on church music. Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1992 86-214
- 37862 words from The highest science. Roberts, G Virgin London 1993 81-201
- 21677 words from An introduction to rural geography. Gilg, A Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1989 67-137
- 35962 words from My idea of fun. Self, W Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd London 1993
- 38586 words from The impact of social policy. Wilding, P George, V Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1984 66-172
- 39111 words from Insiders: women's experience of prison. Virago Press Ltd London 1988 13-107
- 31194 words from Jane Eyre: Oxford Bookworms edition. Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 1-101
- 22691 words from Evolution and present state of the ocean bill of lading. Kozolchyk, Boris u.p.
- 35693 words from Life at the tip: Les Bence on the game. Grist, M Virgin London 1993 1-201
- 42653 words from Learning the law. Williams, G Stevens & son London 1982 97-218
- 42432 words from Mackintosh's The government and politics of Britain. Richards, P Unwin Hyman Ltd London 1988 139-242
- 41668 words from The magic toyshop. Carter, Angela Virago Press Ltd London 1993 28-157
- 6558 words from Mary Queen of Scots: Oxford Bookworms edition. Vicary, Tim Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-39
- 24433 words from Far from the madding crowd: Oxford Bookworms edition. Hardy, T West, C Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-86
- 41317 words from Chung Kuo book one: the Middle Kingdom. Wingrove, David Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1989 251-342
- 40443 words from Observing and analysing natural language. Milroy, L Blackwell Oxford 1987 68-167
- 40307 words from Nobody's business. Gilliat, P Virago Press Ltd London 1990 41-185
- 35590 words from A land not theirs. Marcus, David Poolbeg, Dublin: Swords 1993 7-112
- 26522 words from Oliver Twist: Oxford Bookworms edition. Rogers, R Dickens, C Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-102
- 41167 words from In other words: a coursebook on translation. Baker, M Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1992
- 42212 words from Oxford Review of Economic Policy. Holtham, G Joshi, V Helm, D Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 1-71
- 40579 words from Platinum coast. Pemberton, L HarperCollins London 1993 150-291
- 41357 words from The politics of the judiciary. Griffith, J A G Fontana Press London 1991 15-144
- 10658 words from Prisoner of Zenda: Oxford Bookworms edition. Hope, A Mowat, D Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 6801 words from Robinson Crusoe: Oxford Bookworms edition. Defoe, D Mowat, Diane Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 1-41
- 9266 words from The railway children: Oxford Bookworms edition. Nesbit, E Escott, John Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 34935 words from Some other rainbow. Morrell, J McCarthy, J Transworld Publishers Ltd London 1993
- 40549 words from The spinning wheel. Lorrimer, C Corgi Books London 1993 289-409
- 10645 words from The secret garden: Oxford Bookworms Edition. Burnett, F West, C Burnett, F Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 1-57
- 9090 words from The life and times of William Shakespeare: Oxford Bookworms edition. Bassett, J Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 1-48
- 9977 words from Sky ray lolly. Pitt-Kethley, Fiona Sphere Books Ltd London 1992 9-64
- 41782 words from Introduction to social administration in Britain. Payne, S Brown, M Unwin Hyman Ltd London 1990 195-319
- 40953 words from Understanding social policy. Hill, M Blackwell Oxford 1992
- 40420 words from Sons of the morning. Curtis, J Corgi Books London 1992 115-265
- 37796 words from Stock index futures. Sutcliffe, C Chapman & Hall London 1993 91-200
- 8817 words from The star zoo. Gilbert, H Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-55
- 31620 words from Never such innocence. Wright, Daphne Michael Joseph Ltd London 1991 225-336
- 40992 words from The earth is the Lord's. James, W Orbit (Sphere) London 1992 57-206
- 33352 words from The relic. Anthony, E Arrow (Hutchinson) London 1992 72-180
- 15070 words from Treasure Island: Oxford Bookworms edition. Escott, John Stevenson, R L Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 1-73
- 8178 words from Tooth and claw: Oxford Bookworms edition. "Saki" Border, Rosemary Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-54
- 4773 words from Under the moon: Oxford Bookworms edition. Akinyemi, Rowena 1992 Oxford University Press Oxford 2-39
- 19000 words from Wedding speeches and toasts. Lansbury, A Ward lock (Cassell) London 1992 8-95
- 35049 words from What's it like out? Gilliat, P Virago Press Ltd London 1989 7-130
- 39905 words from White darkness. McIntee, David Virgin London 1993 115-241
- 42892 words from The law of Tort. Rogers, W V H Sweet & Maxwell Ltd London 1991 421-535
- 42013 words from Women and poverty in Britain. Glendinning, C Millar, J Harvester & Wheatsheaf Hemel Hempstead 1992 127-224
- 38694 words from A short history of the Yugoslav peoples. Singleton, F Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1993 1-91
- 27715 words from The Bookseller. J Whitaker & sons London 1993
- 21796 words from The Bookseller. J Whitaker & sons London 1993
- 39415 words from British Medical Journal. British Medical Association London 1975 8-453
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- 45374 words from British Medical Journal. British Medical Association London 1977 3-574
- 41348 words from British Medical Journal. British Medical Association London 1978 5-646
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- 42155 words from British Medical Journal. British Medical Association London 1980 8-789
- 39162 words from British Medical Journal. British Medical Association London 1981 1-852
- 18333 words from Community Care incorporating Social Work Today. Philpot, T King, J Bowry, K Reed Publishing Group Sutton, Surrey 1993-04-22
- 14765 words from Photography. Argus Specialist Publications Hemel Hempstead 1992-02
- 53365 words from What personal computer: the ultimate guide to choosing and using. EMAP Business & Computing London 1993
- 33971 words from Wisden Cricket Monthly. Wisden Cricket Magazines Surrey 1992
- 11202 words from Shield: the international magazine of the BP group. BP 1993
- 34149 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 27595 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
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- 46775 words from An Islay notebook. Booth, C Gordon Islay museums trust Port Charlotte 1984 7-101
- 31030 words from Off the beaten track: Switzerland. Loveland, Kenneth Moorland Publishing Company UK 1989 9-140
- 37918 words from The concept of reality. Pivcevic, Edo Gerald Duckworth & Company Ltd London 1986 1-100
- 43261 words from Paul Nizan communist novelist. Scriven, Michael Macmillan Press Ltd London 1988 1-120
- 32063 words from The deaf advance: a history of the British Deaf Association. Grant, Brian The Pentland Press Ltd Durham 1990 1-124
- 34018 words from Dementia: sharpening local plans: priorities for the 90's. Killeen, Jan Scottish Action on Dementia UK 1990 1-94
- 16355 words from Dog-whelks: an introduction to the biology of nucella. Crothers, J H Field Studies Council UK 1985
- 41772 words from Falling for love: teenage mothers talk. Sharpe, Sue Virago Press Ltd London 1987 1-123
- 22671 words from Master of the moor. Rendell, Ruth Arrow Books Ltd London 1988 7-75
- 40251 words from The modern history manual. Cloake, J A Framework Press Ltd UK 1987 1-122
- 21505 words from Pamela, or, The reform of a rake: a play adapted from the novel by Samuel Richardson. Morgan, Fidelis Havergal, Giles Amber Lane Press UK 1987 5-77
- 10861 words from Cometary phases. Evans, Christine Seren Books UK 1989 7-106
- 23216 words from Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. Stoppard, Tom Faber & Faber Ltd London 1986 9-93
- 8185 words from Revolt in Roundhay [excerpt from Truth, Dare or Promise] Rowbotham, Sheila Virago Press Ltd London 1985
- 51319 words from Saigon. Grey, Anthony Pan Books Ltd London 1983 9-128
- 2961 words from Chaos. Muhamad, M A Holden, M V Manchester University Press Manchester 1987 15-33
- 34122 words from Teaching English with video. Allan, Margaret Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1985 3-105
- 16637 words from The kingdom under the sea and other stories. Aiken, Joan Penguin Books London 1989 9-87
- 4534 words from Introduction to retirement: pre-retirement course
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- PS1UG
- 55, Dennis, british rail employee
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- 50, Roger, british rail employee
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- 19256 words from British Rail team brief meeting
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- 45, Terry, british rail employee
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- 50, Roger, british rail employee
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- PS1UV
- 52, Jim, british rail employee
- PS1UW
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- 50, Dave, british rail employee
- PS1UY
- 55, Norman, british rail employee
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- 55, Nola, british rail employee
- FUKPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- FUKPSUGP
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- 15872 words from British Rail team brief meeting
- PS1V2
- 55, Dennis, british rail employee
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- 45, Terry, british rail employee
- PS1V4
- 50, Roger, british rail employee
- PS1V5
- 48, Trevor, british rail employee
- PS1V6
- 52, Jim, british rail employee
- PS1V7
- 54, Hugh, british rail employee
- PS1V8
- 50, Dave, british rail employee
- PS1V9
- 55, Norman, british rail employee
- FULPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- FULPSUGP
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- 1387 words from Bladder cancer check-up timing: seminar presentation
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- 1736 words from Oral history project: interview
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- 5789 words from Tutorial: GCSE mathematics lesson
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- 9006 words from Methodist church meeting: oral history project interview
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- 7443 words from Mothers' Union general discussion
- 36070 words from Financial management for contractors. Upson, Alan BSP Professional Books UK 1987 108-214
- 40097 words from After Gorbachev. White, S Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1992 143-239
- 44551 words from Time's arrow. Amis, Martin Jonathan Cape London 1991 9-165
- 36468 words from After the asylums. Murphy, E Faber & Faber Ltd London 1991 111-217
- 38758 words from Black holes and baby universes. Hawking, Stephen W Bantam (Corgi) London 1993 1-139
- 39554 words from The boat house. Gallagher, Stephen New English Library Sevenoaks 1992 43-185
- 92841 words from [Miscellaneous articles about desk-top publishing] Budget, Henry et al u.p.
- 40226 words from Captives. Hutson, Shaun Warner Books London 1992 163-322
- 39988 words from Cathedral. Maitland, I Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 199-341
- 37926 words from Chimera. Gallagher, Stephen New English Library Sevenoaks 1991 133-250
- 41289 words from Chung Kuo book 2: The broken wheel. Wingrove, David NEL Kent 1990
- 43688 words from Cities and plans. Cherry, Gordon E Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1988 78-179
- 37534 words from The clothes in the wardrobe. Ellis, Alice T Penguin Group London 1989 5-126
- 41166 words from The collector. Fowles, John Picador London 1989 115-260
- 35413 words from Contemporary Britain: a geographical perspective. Champion, A G Townsend, A R Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1990 1-110
- 41485 words from The crooked scythe. Evans, George E Faber & Faber Ltd London 1993 35-189
- 40300 words from The Crow Road. Banks, Iain Abacus London 1993 157-296
- 12384 words from A cure for unemployment. Kinnaird, Hugh Graham-Cameron Publishing Cambridge 1985 1-40
- 39748 words from Dangerous sexualities. Mort, F Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1987
- 40628 words from Darkfall. Laws, Stephen New English Library Sevenoaks 1993 127-275
- 42153 words from Sweet dreams. Frayn, Michael Penguin Group London 1976 5-136
- 45093 words from The earliest English kings. Kirby, D P Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1992 77-179
- 41462 words from The Fontana history of the environmental sciences. Bowler, P Fontana Press London 1992 248-378
- 15479 words from Design and management techniques for fire prevention in high bay warehouses. National Materials Handling Centre Cranfield 1980 1-82
- 40217 words from The Lucy ghosts. Shah, Eddy Corgi Books London 1993 321-452
- 39858 words from The holy thief. Peters, Ellis Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993
- 38102 words from Hand in glove. Goddard, Robert Corgi Books London 1993 267-404
- 41082 words from Heathen. Hutson, S Warner Books London 1993 132-321
- 39174 words from The idea of higher education. Barnett, R Open University Press Milton Keynes 1990
- 41733 words from Indigo. Warner, Marina Chatto & Windus Ltd London 1992 143-268
- 37992 words from Ceremony of innocence. Carmichael, K Macmillan Publishers Ltd Basingstoke 1991
- 47592 words from Organisational analysis. BPP Management Education Ltd London 1990-10
- 66687 words from [National Congress on Languages in Education: miscellaneous documents] Brumfit, C National Congress on Languages in Education Brighton 1988/1989
- 42247 words from Unexplained laughter. Ellis, Alice T Gerald Duckworth & Company Ltd London 1985 7-143
- 41526 words from Passing on. Lively, P Penguin Group London 1990 58-178
- 34207 words from The lost prince. Wood, B Headline Book Publishing plc London 1992
- 6131 words from Making cocoa for Kingsley Amis. Cope, Wendy Faber & Faber Ltd London 1986 13-69
- 37516 words from Towards the end of the morning. Frayn, Michael Penguin Group London 1969 62-193
- 39427 words from The magus. Fowles, J Pan Books Ltd London 1988 72-175
- 39296 words from Making of memory from molecules to mind. Rose, Steven Bantam Press London 1992 159-273
- 41007 words from A midsummer killing. Barnes, Trevor New English Library Sevenoaks 1991
- 40473 words from A nest of singing birds. Murphy, E Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 235-366
- 40208 words from The other side of heaven. James, W Orbit London 1993
- 38787 words from Public administration in Britain today. Greenwood, J Wilson, D Unwin Hyman Ltd London 1989 121-221
- 39372 words from Flaubert's parrot. Barnes, J Picador London 1985 49-159
- 40093 words from Paying for welfare: The 1990s. Glennerster, H Harvester & Wheatsheaf Hemel Hempstead 1992
- 39817 words from Pillars of gold. Ellis, Alice T Penguin Group London 1993 1-140
- 39478 words from Polar ecology. Stonehouse, B Chapman & Hall USA 1989 62-197
- 40847 words from Policy and practice in primary education. Alexander, R Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1992
- 44550 words from Power in capitalist society. Furlong, P Cox, A Page, E Wheatsheaf London 1986 45-191
- 38729 words from Contemporary issues in public disorder. Waddington, D Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1992
- 34787 words from Public order and private lives. Brake, M Hale, C Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1992 94-173
- 43540 words from Rebel angel. Wood, B Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 162-252
- 38774 words from Lucifer rising. Mortimore, J Lane, A Doctor who books London 1993 111-248
- 46614 words from Christine Brooke-Rose and contemporary fiction. Birch, S Oxford University Press Oxford 1994
- 34765 words from Soviet relations with Latin America. Miller, N Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1989 5-108
- 37787 words from Strawberries and wine. Nash, E New Author Publications Cheltenham 1993 181-280
- 7524 words from The man with night sweats. Gunn, T Faber & Faber Ltd London 1992 1-75
- 39869 words from Taped. Barnes, Trevor Coronet Books London 1993 66-187
- 35305 words from A history of the world in 10½ Chapters. Barnes, J Picador London 1990 143-246
- 43527 words from A walk to the Western Isles. Delaney, F HarperCollins London 1993
- 41798 words from Reconstructing the welfare state. Johnson, N Harvester & Wheatsheaf Hemel Hempstead 1990
- 21391 words from The Artist's and Illustrator's Magazine. Artist's & Illustrator's Mag London 1991-10
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- 1976 words from Canada: Ontario the Unexpected. National Holidays Wigan 1990
- 24954 words from Canoeist. S T & R J Fisher Appleford, Oxon 1991-10
- 27077 words from Credit Management. Institute of Credit Management Stamford, Lincs 1992
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- 28388 words from Golf Monthly. Specialist & Leisure Magazines Group London 1991-02
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- 59437 words from Harpers & Queen. The National Magazine Company Ltd London 1990-04
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- 6471 words from The National Waterways Museum. National Waterways Museum Gloucester 1990
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- 27260 words from Outdoor Action. Hawker Consumer Publications London 1991-08
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- 67934 words from She. The National Magazine Company Ltd London 1989-10
- 30472 words from Ski Survey. Ski Club of Great Britain London 1991
- 27597 words from Treasure Hunting. Treasure Hunting Publications Brentwood, Essex 1991-10
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- 18421 words from The Birmingham Magazine. Birmingham University Birmingham 1990-08
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- 20376 words from Women's Art. Townsend, S Women artists slide library London 1993
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- 34457 words from Daughter of the Dales. Hauxwell, Hannah Cockcroft, Barry Century Hutchinson London 1991 173-318
- 40735 words from I believe in the Holy Spirit. Green, Michael Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1985 6-125
- 41296 words from Peace and war: growing up in Fascist Italy. Newby, Wanda Picador London 1991 59-187
- 47904 words from Sounds. Spotlight Publications London 1990-11-10
- 40637 words from How to combat alcoholism & addiction. Lefever, Robert Promis Books Ltd UK 1988 1-119
- 38783 words from Death of an expert witness. James, P D Sphere Books Ltd London 1979 9-135
- 42123 words from Elements of marketing. Morden, A R D P Publications Ltd London 1987 63-234
- 38517 words from The Fraxilly fracas. Hill, Douglas Victor Gollancz Ltd London 1989 8-127
- 40398 words from Weekly Hansard. House of Commons Official Report Report, House of Commons Official HMSO London 1989
- 41882 words from The Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976. Allan, Johnet alW Green & Sons LtdUK19891-154
- 23544 words from Instrument flying & background to the instrument & IMC. Agazarian, Monique GMS Enterprises UK 1988 1-109
- 44350 words from Introduction to British politics: analysing a capitalist democracy. Dearlove, John Saunders, Peter Polity Press Cambridge 1988 12-109
- 15210 words from The laws of Occam programming. Hoare, C A R Roscoe, A W Oxford University Computing Laboratory UK 1986 1-77
- 39360 words from The Oxford English programme. Seely, John et al Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 1-133
- 42967 words from The Shah's last ride: the story of the exile, misadventures, and death of the Emperor. Shawcross, William Pan Books Ltd London 1989 3-113
- 40351 words from Vets might fly. Herriot, James Pan Books Ltd London 1977 7-120
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- 34403 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
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- 29880 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 30437 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 32083 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 33733 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 31405 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 33250 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 25917 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 29037 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 24405 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 35504 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
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- 39225 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 34667 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 32973 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 29537 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 41380 words from The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing persons. Nicholls, C S Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 42245 words from Atmospheric pollution: causes, effects and control policies. Elsom, Derek M Blackwell Oxford 1992 82-226
- 42575 words from Administrative law. Craig, P P Sweet & Maxwell Ltd London 1991 197-305
- 41911 words from The age of science: the scientifi world-view in the nineteenth century. Knight, David Basil Blackwell Ltd Oxford 1988 88-205
- 42264 words from Animal behaviour: a concise introduction. Ridley, Mark Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford 1986 50-176
- 39706 words from Laura Ashley: a life by design. Sebba, Anne George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd London 1990 75-169
- 36054 words from Birds of Britain and Europe. Heinzel, H Fitter, R F Parslow, J HarperCollins London 1972
- 22316 words from Curtains and blinds. Kittier, Eileen Ward Lock Ltd London 1990 6-70
- 41701 words from Corporate resource allocation. Tomkins, Cyril Basil Blackwell Ltd Oxford 1991 89-207
- 40596 words from A clubbable woman. Hill, Reginald Grafton Books London 1987 83-250
- 44791 words from Calypso's Island. Ash, Rosalie Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993 7-181
- 43211 words from Cast in order of disappearance. Brett, Simon Vicor Gollancz London 1975 31-192
- 39482 words from Chung Kuo: The white mountain. Wingrove, David New English Library Sevenoaks 1991 91-171
- 37487 words from The concise Oxford history of music. Abraham, Gerald Oxford University Press Oxford 1985 201-327
- 35897 words from Cubism: a history and an analysis 1907-14. Golding, John Faber & Faber Ltd London 1988 1-95
- 40768 words from Daughters of the house. Roberts, Michele Virago Press Ltd London 1993 30-153
- 6264 words from Taped. Barnes, Trevor Coronet Books London 1993 1-41
- 41125 words from Dark dance. Lee, Tanith Warner Books London 1993 168-335
- 39128 words from Producing and reducing disaffection: curricula for all. Coulby, D Booth, T Open University Press Milton Keynes 1987 67-150
- 10405 words from The picture of Dorian Gray: Oxford Bookworms edition. Nevile, Jill Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-57
- 40020 words from Freelance death. Taylor, Andrew Victor Gollancz Ltd London 1993 52-175
- 42244 words from Further education today: a critical review. Roberts, I F Cantor, Leonard M Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1986 88-184
- 41699 words from Women in England 1870-1950. Lewis, Jane Harvester & Wheatsheaf Hemel Hempstead 1984 1-106
- 37559 words from The lost father. Warner, Marina Picador London 1989 42-126
- 40767 words from Management: theory and practice. Cole, Gerald A D P Publications Ltd London 225-360
- 44759 words from Geomorphology. Sparks, B W Longman Scientific & Technical Harlow 1986 221-342
- 20066 words from Garden pools, waterfalls and fountains. Booth-Moores, Andrew Ward Lock Ltd London 1991 7-93
- 42243 words from Guilty knowledge. Grant-Adamson, Lesley Faber & Faber Ltd London 1988 133-259
- 6140 words from The piano. Border, Rosemary Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-39
- 40644 words from Introduction to politics. Gill, Peter Ponton, Geoffrey Blackwell Oxford 1984 119-237
- 38229 words from Isvik. Innes, Hammond Chapmans Publishers Ltd London 1991 85-189
- 13411 words from Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: Oxford Bookworms edition. Border, Rosemary Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-74
- 42782 words from Love over gold. James, Susannah Corgi Books London 1993 115-290
- 6021 words from The love of a king. Barnes, Trevor Dainty, Peter Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-38
- 41927 words from Language processing in children and adults. Coltheart, Max Harris, Margaret Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1986 133-252
- 35739 words from Managing the modular course. Watson, David Open University Press Milton Keynes 1989 9-135
- 33192 words from The martial arts. Lewis, Peter Tiger Books International London 1991 6-137
- 39675 words from Principles of modern company law. Gower Sweet & Maxwell Ltd London 1992 355-476
- 40926 words from The modern English legal system. Gunn, N J Bailey, S H Sweet & Maxwell Ltd London 1993
- 37765 words from Musical composition. Brindle Smith, Reginald Oxford University Press Oxford 1986 7-147
- 39027 words from The Soviet Union and the strategy of non-alignment in the Third World. Allison, Roy Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1988 126-217
- 41954 words from The night mayor. Newman, Kim New English Library Sevenoaks 1990 49-185
- 6047 words from New Yorkers. Mowat, Diane Hutson, S Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 6-44
- 38887 words from Organisation and management in the public sector. Lawton, Alan Rose, Aidan Pitman Publishing London 1991 37-132
- 39642 words from Over the edge. Rowlands, Betty Coronet Books London 1993 59-184
- 44383 words from Offences against public order. Smith, A T H Sweet & Maxwell Ltd London 1987 86-195
- 23503 words from Orchestral technique: a manual for students. Jacob, Gordon Oxford University Press Oxford 1982 6-90
- 38353 words from The picturegoers. Lodge, David Penguin Group London 1993 112-238
- 42529 words from Public sector accounting. Pendlebury, Maurice Jones, Rowan Pitman Publishing London 1992 109-218
- 40549 words from The nature of physical geography. Gregory, K J Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1985 65-160
- 27098 words from Radical approaches to adult education: A Reader. Lovett, Tom Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1988 139-262
- 37881 words from The railway station: a social history. Oxford University Press Oxford 1988
- 43912 words from Rain. Gallagher, Stephen New English Library Sevenoaks 1990 132-293
- 40683 words from Rape and the legal process. Temkin, Jennifer Sweet & Maxwell Ltd Cheltenham 1987
- 39613 words from Sign for the sacred. Storm, Constantine Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 127-236
- 41698 words from Wycliffe and the scapegoat. Burley, W J Corgi Books London 1987 27-158
- 39853 words from Sociology of postmodernism. Lash, Scott Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1990 151-265
- 8765 words from Skyjack! Oxford Bookworms edition. Vicary, Tim Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-54
- 42297 words from The solar system. Jones, Barrie William Pergamon Press Oxford 1984
- 32881 words from Tess of the d'Urbervilles: Oxford Bookworms edition. Hardy, Thomas West, Clare Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-119
- 39530 words from Trail of the octopus: from Beirut to Lockerbie; Inside the DIA. Goddard, Donald Coleman, Lester K Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd London 1993 121-221
- 5872 words from Voodoo Island. Duckworth, Michael Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-39
- 37562 words from Wycliffe and the cycle of death. Burley, W J Corgi Books London 1991 42-174
- 6371 words from White death: Oxford Bookworms edition (stage 1 readers) Vicary, Tim Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-40
- 40388 words from The way to Babylon. Kearney, Paul Victor Gollancz Ltd London 1992 155-254
- 41082 words from Wild justice. Grant-Adamson, Lesley Faber & Faber Ltd London 1989 75-195
- 18719 words from Wuthering Heights: Oxford Bookworms edition. West, Clare Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-87
- 39544 words from The British Journal of Social Work. Hugman, Richard Challis, David Oxford University Press Oxford 1993-08 319-434
- 20811 words from Bookseller. Uden, Grant Antique Collectors Club Woodbridge, Suffolk 1993
- 24091 words from Bookseller. Uden, Grant Antique Collectors Club Woodbridge, Suffolk 1993
- 27407 words from Early Music. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993-05 29-120
- 31847 words from Statute Law Review. Bates, J N Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 1-73
- 7193 words from [Miscellaneous prayers] Smith, David K u.p.
- 14430 words from [Sermons] Smith, David K u.p.
- 13022 words from Atomic Energy Authority times and annual review. u.p.
- 13572 words from Competitive edge. AEA Technology Didcot, Oxfordshire 1993-06
- 2488 words from [LASMO July 1992 -- news releases] u.p.
- 5141 words from LASMO business profile 92. u.p.
- 7018 words from Pipeline. u.p.
- 13679 words from Pipeline. u.p.
- 13770 words from [LASMO plc. Annual Reports and Accounts 92] u.p.
- 19769 words from NewsLine -- Royal Bank of Scotland. u.p.
- 21951 words from NewsLine -- Royal Bank of Scotland. u.p.
- 10051 words from Where people matter. The Royal Bank of Scotland
- 8887 words from National Library of Scotland -- newsletter. u.p.
- 11818 words from Chartered builder. Comm. Directorate Chart. Inst Ascot 1993-07
- 97215 words from [Campaign for the Preservation of Rural Wales: miscellaneous unpublished documents] u.p.
- 11690 words from [Juniper Green village association minutes] u.p.
- 78251 words from [Collection of leaflets from Lothian Council] u.p.
- 19123 words from Notes for my nephews. Robertson, Angela u.p.
- 7418 words from [Personal letters] u.p.
- 5444 words from [Personal letters and other ephemera] unpublished
- 13051 words from Neighbourhood Watch talk: crime prevention
- 345 words from Medical consultation
- 1554 words from Medical consultation
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- 362 words from Medical consultation
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- 1728 words from Medical consultation
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- 696 words from Medical consultation
- 899 words from Medical consultation
- 502 words from Medical consultation
- 232 words from Medical consultation
- 6295 words from Oral history project: interview on housing
- 945 words from Oral history project: interview on housing
- 4514 words from Oral history project: interview on housing
- 6177 words from Knitwear design and history: Women's Institute meeting
- 9340 words from Tutorial maths lesson: GCSE paper 3
- 13215 words from Chemistry tutorial: GCSE
- 4621 words from Oral history project: interview
- 4496 words from Oral history project: interview
- 11735 words from Oral history project: interview
- 12200 words from Oral history project, Scotland: interview
- 12967 words from Oral history project: interview
- 13527 words from Maths tutorial
- 3772 words from Oral history project: interview
- 1007 words from Oral history project: interview
- 3066 words from Oral history project: interview
- 718 words from Oral history project: interview
- 3099 words from Oral history project: interview
- 811 words from Oral history project: interview
- 3375 words from Oral history project: interview
- 33414 words from BBC Good Food. Redwood Publishing Company. London 1991
- 34422 words from Parents. EMAP Consumer Publications Ltd London 1991
- 35920 words from Across the low meadow: Halling, a village on the Medway. Church, D Gowers, E S Christine Swift Bookshop UK 1979 1-89
- 40037 words from The life of my choice. Thesiger, Wilfred Fontana Paperbacks London 1988
- 37718 words from Coniston copper. Holland, Eric G Cicerone Press UK 1986 16-134
- 41769 words from Patrol. Bayly, R G RG Bayly in assoc with The Self Pub Assoc UK 1989 29-190
- 41918 words from Death in the City. Anderson, J R L F A Thorpe (Publishing) Ltd UK 1980 1-200
- 38877 words from Atlas of management thinking. Bono, Edward de Penguin Books London 1988 1-201
- 39022 words from The green behind the glass. Geras, Adele Lions Teen Tracks UK 1989 1-118
- 6831 words from The initial destinations of 1984 information technology advanced course students. Gordon, Alan Science & Eng Research Council UK 1984 1-37
- 27605 words from Introduction to language learning: a handbook. Burgess, Eunice Anderson, Gunilla Summer Institute of Linguistics UK 1989 1-92
- 39772 words from Alien wisdom: the limits of Hellenization. Momigliano, Arnaldo Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1990 1-116
- 40833 words from Money: a suicide note. Amis, Martin Penguin Group London 1985 91-202
- 40277 words from Nietzsche on tragedy. Silk, M S Stern, J P Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1981 1-104
- 32271 words from Optimum conditions for childbearing. Acsadi, George T F Internat Planned Parenthood Federation UK 1986 1-97
- 40395 words from Offshore. Fitzgerald, Penelope Fontana Paperbacks London 1988 9-140
- 14865 words from The online catalogue: developments & directions. Hildreth, Charles R Library Association Publishing Ltd London 1989 25-43
- 38492 words from An introduction to polymer mechanics. Arridge, R G C Taylor & Francis UK 1985 vii-202
- 37120 words from A handbook of English Language Teaching terms and practice. Seaton, Brian Macmillan Press Ltd London 1982 1-86
- 43632 words from Social anthropology. Leach, Edmund Fontana Press London 1986 55-203
- 1265 words from Excerpt from My favourite stories of Lakeland. Wyatt, John Lutterworth Press Cambridge 1981 113-116
- 24920 words from Nonesuch. University of Bristol Bristol 1991/1992
- 25461 words from Bookseller. J Whitaker & sons London 1993
- 11533 words from British Rail quality assurance seminar
- 11283 words from British Rail quality assurance seminar
- 15815 words from Parish Council meeting
- 9844 words from Labour Club public meeting
- PS1XR
- 35, Steve, health worker
- PS1XS
- 35, John, council worker
- PS1XT
- 56, Jeff, retired
- PS1XU
- 28, Ed, trade union officer
- PS1XV
- 40, Graham, member of parliament
- PS1XW
- 65+, Ronald, retired
- PS1XX
- 65+, Ida, pensioners' movement representative
- PS1XY
- 43, Alan, trade union representative
- PS1Y0
- 35, Gwen, hosiery worker
- H4APSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- H4APSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12641 words from Nottinghamshire Oral History Project: interview
- 16537 words from Nottinghamshire Oral History Project: interview
- 710 words from Medical consultations
- 897 words from Medical consultations
- 942 words from Medical consultations
- 192 words from Medical consultations
- 1142 words from Medical consultations
- 474 words from Medical consultations
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- 25 words from Medical consultations
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- 514 words from Medical consultations
- 95 words from Medical consultations
- 373 words from Medical consultations
- 688 words from Medical consultations
- 211 words from Medical consultations
- 482 words from Medical consultations
- 891 words from Medical consultations
- 53 words from Medical consultations
- 730 words from Medical consultations
- 1079 words from Medical consultations
- 56 words from Medical consultations
- 486 words from Medical consultations
- 9458 words from Careers Service: meeting
- 8415 words from Careers Service: meeting
- 16701 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview
- 14479 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview
- 2961 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: recording a message
- 842 words from Medical consultation
- 611 words from Medical consultation
- 442 words from Medical consultation
- 1778 words from Medical consultation
- 791 words from Medical consultation
- 158 words from Medical consultation
- 524 words from Medical consultation
- 327 words from Medical consultation
- 733 words from Medical consultation
- 1165 words from Medical consultation
- 392 words from Medical consultation
- 283 words from Medical consultation
- 993 words from Medical consultation
- 338 words from Medical consultation
- 13471 words from Computer advice session
- 42898 words from A brief history of time. Hawking, Stephen W Bantam Press London 1988 35-167
- 38355 words from The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the north Atlantic Ocean. Paterson, Gordon L J British Museum (Natural History) UK 1985 1-120
- 37664 words from The Children of Dynmouth. Trevor, William Penguin Books London 1987 91-189
- 35830 words from Computers in personnel. Page, Terry IMS UK 1982 23-114
- 8034 words from Norther Ireland: the election of the Constitutional Convention May 1975. Knight, James The Arthur McDougall Fund UK 1975 7-17
- 37359 words from Getting things done: Eva Burrows -- A biography. Green, Wendy Marshall Morgan & Scott UK 1988 3-119
- 35530 words from Walking on glass. Banks, Iain Futura Publications Ltd UK 1988 11-106
- 40307 words from Loving and giving. Keane, Molly Andre Deutsch Ltd UK 1988 3-123
- 35918 words from The nature of the stratigraphical record. Ager, Derek V Macmillan Publishers Ltd Basingstoke 1984 1-106
- 30664 words from A song twice over. Jagger, Brenda Fontana Press London 1986 141-220
- 38091 words from Stepping motors: a guide to modern theory & practice. Acarnley, P P Peter Peregrins Ltd UK 1982 1-152
- 43650 words from The Mufti of Istanbul: a study in the development of the Ottoman learned hierarchy. Repp, R C Ithaca Press UK 1986 27-146
- 37598 words from Applied economics. Griffiths, Alan Wall, Stuart Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993
- 42994 words from Sale of goods and consumer credit. Dobson, A P Sweet & Maxwell Ltd London 1989 115-227
- 19951 words from The hound of the Baskervilles: Oxford Bookworms edition. Nobes, Patrick Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-89
- 49999 words from Bay of rainbows. James, Dana Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 36928 words from The blind watchmaker. Dawkins, Richard Penguin Group London 1991
- 42499 words from The ‘small towns’ of Roman Britain. Wacher, John Burnham, Barry C BT Batsford Ltd London 1990 15-96
- 35570 words from A casebook on contract. Smith, J C u.p. 193-252
- 44294 words from The chymical wedding. Clarke, Lindsay Jonathan Cape London 1989 186-301
- 43286 words from Claims of feeling. Ross, Malcolm The Falmer Press Lewes, East Sussex 1989 165-341
- 40984 words from City of dreams. Gill, Anton Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd London 1993 33-153
- 41106 words from Coffin underground. Butler, Gwendoline Fontana Press London 1991 54-215
- 40534 words from Conduct of Major Maxim. Lyall, Gavin Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1982 63-186
- 38887 words from Mathematics, teachers and children. Pimm, David Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1988 69-182
- 40880 words from City of djinns. Dalrymple, William HarperCollins London 1993
- 44336 words from Murder makes an entrée. Myers, Amy Headline Book Publishing plc London 1992 63-215
- 34757 words from Clerical errors. Greenwood, D M Headline 1991 31-151
- 38111 words from Europe in the eighteenth century 1713-1783. Anderson, M S Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1987 160-254
- 42960 words from The education fact file. Hales, Margaret Mackinnon, Donald Cathcart, Heather Statham Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1991 4-174
- 31887 words from Financial markets and institutions. Howells, P G A Bain, K Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 50890 words from Forgotten fire. Mansell, Joanna Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 9942 words from Frankenstein: Oxford Bookworms edition. Nobes, Patrick Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 1-58
- 49301 words from A French encounter. Williams, Cathy Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 47523 words from Gemini girl. Goodman, Liza Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 37987 words from General relativity. Kenyon, I R Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 1-185
- 38515 words from City of gold and shadows. Peters, Ellis Headline Book Publishing plc London 1989 1-125
- 45200 words from Underground. James, Russell Victor Gollancz Ltd London 1989 44-169
- 6365 words from Sherlock Holmes short stories: Oxford Bookworms edition. West, Clare Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-38
- 25518 words from Selected poems 1957-1981. Hughes, Ted Faber & Faber Ltd London 1982 35-235
- 53026 words from Hunter's harem. Rees, Eleanor Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 43072 words from Into the blue. Goddard, Robert Transworld Publishers Ltd London 1990 119-225
- 41352 words from Interpreting the landscape. Aston, Michael BT Batsford Ltd London 1992 21-118
- 42864 words from Modern literary theory. Jefferson, Ann Robey, David BT Batsford Ltd London 1986
- 14678 words from [Access course essays] Woodall, Julia R u.p.
- 43899 words from Legacy of love. Harvey, Caroline Transworld Publishers Ltd London 1992 173-309
- 40288 words from Little victims. Barnard, Robert Corgi Books London 1993 5-150
- 41729 words from The grail murders. Clynes, Michael Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 77-219
- 41390 words from A treaty too far: a new policy for Europe. Spicer, Michael Fourth Estate London 1992 56-200
- 38773 words from Murder unprompted. Brett, Simon Futura Publications Ltd UK 1984 45-170
- 1586 words from The magician. Escott, John Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 2-21
- 53664 words from Mask of deception. Wood, Sara Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 46161 words from Miracles can happen. Howard, Stephanie Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 41222 words from The Nightingale Gallery. Harding, Paul Headline Book Publishing plc London 1992 75-226
- 36403 words from Organizing knowledge: an introduction to information retrieval. Rowley, Jennifer E Ashgate Publishing Ltd Aldershot 1992 157-293
- 32171 words from Oxford Economic Papers. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993-01 5-129
- 44223 words from The prince of darkness. Doherty, P C Headline Book Publishing plc London 1992
- 42267 words from Posthumous papers. Barnard, Robert Corgi Books London 1992 36-171
- 2154 words from Escape from Planet Zog. Davies, Paul Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 2-29
- 41111 words from Political sociology. Bottomore, Tom Pluto Press London 1993 12-109
- 43844 words from Persephone. Joseph, Jenny Bloodaxe books ltd Newcastle upon Tyne 1986 117-260
- 52118 words from A private arrangement. Darcy, Lilian Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 38470 words from Lectures on public economics. Stiglitz, Joseph E Atkinson, Anthony B McGraw-Hill Book Company Maidenhead 1980 200-316
- 52500 words from Ransacked heart. Bauling, Jane Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 43219 words from Rational expectations in macroeconomics. Attfield, C L F Demery, D Duck, N W Basil Blackwell Ltd Oxford 1991
- 37658 words from The redundancy of courage. Mo, Timothy Chatto & Windus Ltd London 1991 315-408
- 38898 words from Structural methods in inorganic chemistry. Rankin, David W H Cradock, Stephen Ebsworth, E A V Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford 1991
- 41503 words from Techniques in sedimentology. Tucker, Maurice Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford 1988 63-190
- 8157 words from The sea skater. Dunmore, Helen Bloodaxe books ltd Newcastle upon Tyne 1986 12-72
- 20258 words from Ghost stories: Oxford Bookworms edition. Border, Rosemary Oxford University Press Oxford 1989 1-86
- 42955 words from A stranger's trust. Richmond, Emma Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1991
- 36858 words from T S Eliot: a friendship. Tomlin, Frederick Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1988 50-174
- 45256 words from Thank you for having me. Lipman, Maureen Robson Books Ltd London 1990 57-188
- 43122 words from A tupolev too far. Aldiss, Brian HarperCollins London 1993 35-159
- 42462 words from Underground: the London alternative press. Fountain, Nigel Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1988 1-94
- 41323 words from Unholy ghosts. Greenwood, D M Headline Book Publishing plc London 1991 1-142
- 43401 words from The colour of magic. Pratchett, Terry Colin Smythe Ltd Gerrards Cross 1983 7-141
- 41585 words from An unsuitable attachment. Pym, Barbara Pan Macmillan Publishers London 1993 13-154
- 52413 words from Viking magic. Wells, Angela Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 47147 words from The waters of Eden. Neil, Joanna Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 52718 words from A warning of magic. Kingston, Kate Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 50277 words from Winter challenge. Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 11978 words from The Embalmer. British Institute of Embalmers Knebworth 1993-12
- 192825 words from [Articles from Practical PC] Taylor, Jennifer HHL Publishing group London 1992-11 / 93-02
- 18055 words from Women's Art Magazine. Townsend, S Women artists slide library London 1993
- 69381 words from The Sunday People. Morgan, Kenneth O Oxford University Press Oxford 1990
- 19047 words from The Sunday People. u.p. 1990
- 42771 words from [Law Society Publicity] u.p.
- 8457 words from BAIE News for communicators in business. Hardman Press Dorking 1993 May-June
- 1631 words from Scotch whisky. u.p.
- 1446 words from Don't take our British spirit for granted. u.p.
- 1315 words from Scotch whisky. u.p.
- 8372 words from Wood News. u.p.
- 10039 words from Wood News. u.p.
- 4043 words from John Wood Group Employee Report 1992. u.p.
- 3372 words from The Gusher. u.p.
- 10632 words from Atomic Energy Authority Times. The Atomic Energy Authority 1993-09
- 2962 words from Atomic Energy Authority Culham and Harwell News. u.p.
- 4065 words from Winfrith Journal. u.p.
- 2525 words from Dounreay Newsletter. u.p.
- 4248 words from Atomic Energy Authority News for the Process Industries. u.p.
- 4537 words from Atomic Energy Authority Gazette. u.p.
- 3578 words from The story of Atomic Energy Authority Technology from national mission to international. u.p.
- 27782 words from BPXpress. British Petroleum plc
- 24754 words from [General Accident miscellaneous documents -- Claims] General Accident
- 27697 words from [General Accident miscellaneous documents] General Accident
- 27722 words from [General Accident miscellaneous documents] General Accident
- 15594 words from [General Accident miscellaneous documents] General Accident
- 656 words from Wedgwood product range. u.p.
- 1226 words from The history of Wedgwood. u.p.
- 1993 words from [Wedgwood Group: environmental policy] u.p.
- 126 words from [Wedgwood Group: miscellaneous documents: letter from Price Waterhouse] u.p.
- 7964 words from [Waterford Wedgwood reports & accounts 1992] u.p.
- 13278 words from Newsline for the Wedgwood Group. u.p.
- 8755 words from Newsline for the Wedgwood Group. u.p.
- 8199 words from Newsline for the Wedgwood Group. u.p.
- 8326 words from [Rentokil publications] u.p.
- 15784 words from Environmental Issues [company magazine]. Rentokil
- 14549 words from Environmental Issues [company newsletter]. Rentokil
- 21618 words from [Scottish Nuclear: miscellaneous documents] Scottish Nuclear Scotland
- 45590 words from [Scotvec (Scottish Vocational Education Council) publications] u.p.
- 24356 words from [Scotvec (Scottish Vocational Education Council) advanced courses] u.p.
- 28364 words from [Educational certification: miscellaneous documents] u.p.
- 12881 words from National Library of Scotland annual report 1990-1991. National Library of Scotland [1991] 3-29
- 5953 words from National Library of Scotland. National library of Scotland Scotland 1993
- 2435 words from Becoming an actuary. u.p.
- 3281 words from UK actuarial profession 1992 annual review. u.p.
- 2703 words from UK actuarial profession 1991 annual review. u.p.
- 2109 words from Institute of Actuaries Education Service: Tutors' handbook 1990/91. u.p.
- 1413 words from AES Tuition Noticeboard. u.p.
- 203 words from Institute of Actuaries: Proceedings. u.p.
- 4363 words from CA News. u.p.
- 23199 words from CA News. u.p.
- 23280 words from CA News. u.p.
- 16493 words from Hospitality. Hotel Catering & Inst. Manag. London 1993
- 18272 words from Hospitality. Hotel Catering & Inst. Manag. London 1993
- 10877 words from Royal Institute of British Architects annual report and accounts. u.p.
- 3296 words from Spotlights. u.p.
- 2973 words from Spotlights. u.p.
- 3591 words from Spotlights. u.p.
- 1821 words from Spotlights. u.p.
- 4364 words from Spotlights. u.p.
- 3489 words from Spotlights. u.p.
- 6807 words from Observations: an information exchange for teacher researchers. u.p.
- 5432 words from Observations: an information exchange for teacher researchers. u.p.
- 9411 words from SCRE Newsletter. u.p.
- 5868 words from University of Stirling annual report 1991-1992. u.p.
- 8724 words from Edit [alumni magazine]: Issue 1 January 1992. u.p.
- 7270 words from Edit [alumni magazine] Issue 2. u.p. n.d. pp3-8
- 7204 words from Edit [alumni magazine] Issue 3. u.p. n.d. 12-34
- 14823 words from [Employment service] u.p.
- 4153 words from The annual report and accounts of the Law Society May 1992-. u.p.
- 4818 words from Welcome. Historic Scotland Edinburgh 1992/1993
- 5697 words from Welcome. Historic Scotland Edinburgh 1992/1993
- 5867 words from Welcome. Historic Scotland Edinburgh 1992/1993
- 3438 words from Saddle Mews Residents' Association. Saddle Mews residents association
- 8081 words from The Scottish Council: Development and industry. u.p.
- 6870 words from IBOA Newssheet. u.p.
- 6158 words from IBOA Newssheet. u.p.
- 4469 words from IBOA Newssheet. u.p.
- 7452 words from IBOA Newssheet. u.p.
- 5607 words from IBOA Newssheet. u.p.
- 12132 words from Minutes: Juniper Green Village Association. u.p.
- 11729 words from Minutes: Juniper Green Village Association. u.p.
- 55456 words from Lothian Regional Council. u.p.
- 5237 words from [Personal letters] u.p.
- 13177 words from [Personal letters] u.p.
- 4988 words from [Academic essay on communications theory and linguistics] u.p. n.d. 3-16
- 10860 words from [Creative writing by schoolgirls: prose and verse] u.p.
- 30080 words from [Creative writing: prose] Robertson, Angela u.p. 1-89
- 10263 words from [English Literature Papers] Robertson, Angela u.p.
- 831 words from [Creative writing: verse] u.p.
- 9417 words from [School essays] u.p.
- 17544 words from [Children's writing] u.p.
- 33990 words from [Creative writing: prose] u.p.
- 7002 words from Confirmation meeting on the gift of the Holy Spirit: church meeting
- 5379 words from Suffolk Sound Archive oral history project: interview
- 8030 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview
- 6289 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview
- 11745 words from Suffolk Sound Archive -- Ipswich Transport Project: interview
- 11632 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview
- 8886 words from Trade Union Annual Congress: trade union congress
- PS2DU
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2DV
- Jim, deputy lord mayor
- PS2DW
- John, general secretary of trade union
- PS2DX
- Steve, trade unionist
- PS2DY
- John, trade unionist
- PS2E0
- Hughie, trade unionist
- PS2E1
- Peggy, trade unionist
- PS2E2
- Eric, trade unionist
- PS2E3
- Giles, member of parliament
- HDNPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HDNPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 8040 words from Trade Union Annual Congress: trade union congress
- PS2E4
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2E5
- Ken, trade unionist
- PS2E6
- Mary, trade unionist
- PS2E7
- Ed, trade unionist
- PS2E8
- John, trade unionist
- PS2E9
- Bernie, trade unionist
- PS2EA
- Bill, trade unionist
- PS2EB
- Charlie, trade unionist
- PS2EC
- Dennis, trade unionist
- HDPPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HDPPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 751 words from Trade Union Annual Congress: trade union congress
- 13625 words from Trade Union Annual Congress: trade union congress
- 13161 words from Trade Union Annual Congress: trade union congress
- 8466 words from Longman Group UK Ltd Lotus 123 seminar
- 6526 words from Longman Group UK Ltd Lotus 123 seminar
- 5112 words from Longman Group UK Ltd Lotus 123 seminar
- 8354 words from Careers guidance interview
- 6226 words from King's College London: lecture
- 7459 words from London School of Economics: lecture on the psychoanalytic study of society
- 7878 words from London School of Economics: lecture
- 5897 words from Panorama: the Branch Davidian sect: documentary
- PS2R8
- david koresh, religious leader, This is almost certainly David Koresh speaking, but
- PS2R9
- John, tv presenter
- PS2RA
- Janet, Davidian
- PS2RB
- Davidian
- PS2RC
- Livingstone, Davidian
- PS2RD
- Bonnie
- PS2RE
- unspecified
- PS2RF
- May well be an actor portraying a Davidian
- PS2RG
- May well be an actor portraying a Davidian
- HE3PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HE3PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4054 words from Assignment - the legacy of the Brazilian gold rush: documentary
- PS2S7
- 40+, julian pettifer, tv presenter, Almost all his speech is scripted.
- PS2S8
- 60+, Rubens, brazilian minister for the environment, First language is Brazilian Portuguese
- PS2S9
- scientist, First language is probably Brazilian Portuguese
- PS2SA
- Roberto, First language is Brazilian Portuguese
- HE4PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HE4PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4690 words from Public Eye - police cautioning: documentary
- PS2SC
- 30+, tricia lawton, tv presenter, Most of her speech is scripted.
- PS2SD
- police officer?
- PS2SE
- police officer, Cautioning offender
- PS2SF
- Offender being cautioned
- PS2SG
- michael howard, cabinet minister (conservative)
- PS2SH
- unspecified
- PS2SJ
- Probably an offender. The transcriber described him as 'Thug'.
- PS2SK
- unspecified
- HE5PS000
- unspecified
- HE5PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HE5PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5940 words from The Money Programme: documentary
- PS2SL
- 30+, tv presenter
- PS2SM
- 40+, richard branson, entrepreneur
- PS2SN
- 20+, Floya, virgin atlantic stewardess
- PS2SP
- 30+, tessa curtis, tv presenter, Most of her speech is scripted. Report on Virgin
- PS2SR
- virgin atlantic employee, Announcong over PA.
- PS2SS
- 40+, economics expert
- PS2ST
- 20+, ticket desk receptionist
- PS2SU
- 40+, john kay, airline specialist
- PS2SV
- 30+, virgin atlantic stewardess trainer
- HE6PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HE6PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6240 words from Panorama: documentary
- PS2TW
- 30+, christopher hird, tv presenter
- PS2TX
- 30+, Robert, information hacker / private investigator
- PS2TY
- 30+, bbc interviewer
- PS2U0
- 50+, Rodney, trade union leader
- PS2U1
- 50+, banking expert
- PS2U2
- 40+, bank representative
- PS2U3
- 40+, legal expert
- PS2U4
- 20+, naomi march, actress
- PS2U5
- 30+, lenny henry, comedian/actor
- HE7PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HE7PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5896 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA 335: interview for oral history project
- 6196 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA 337: interview for oral history project
- 3032 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA 55: interview for oral history project
- 2757 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/A: interview
- 2008 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/A: interview
- 4825 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/A: interview on `Sharing Time' show
- 1755 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/B: interviews
- PS2V4
- Kieran, lifeboat winchman, Interviewee
- PS2V5
- radio presenter, Interviewer
- PS2V6
- Tony, lifeboat doctor, Interviewee
- PS2V7
- Jack, lifeboat coxswain, Interviewee
- PS2V8
- David, lifeboat mechanic, Interviewee
- PS2V9
- Billy, lifeboat crewmember, Interviewee
- PS2VA
- Angus, lifeboat crewmember, Interviewee
- PS2VB
- 60+, Jackie, lifeboat secretary, Interviewee
- HEFPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HEFPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 2583 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/B: interview
- 3382 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/B: interview
- 690 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/B: interview
- 488 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/B: reminiscences
- 4489 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 2: interview for oral history project
- 10019 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 4: interview for oral history project
- 9316 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 5: interview for oral history project
- 16591 words from [Enterprise 2000: seminar]
- 7917 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 11: interview for oral history project
- 7785 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 12: interview for oral history project
- 7235 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 13: interview for oral history project
- 8179 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 14: interview for oral history project
- 7805 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 15: interview for oral history project
- 4596 words from Racing: the Morning Line: television broadcast
- 414 words from Central News and Weather: television news broadcast
- 938 words from The Central Match - Goals Extra: Sports report broadcast
- 3571 words from Central Lobby: television broadcast
- PS2WL
- 40+, judy laybourn, tv presenter
- PS2WM
- 30+, andrew fox, reporter, Football security story.
- PS2WN
- 40+, peter snape, member of parliament, Football security story.
- PS2WP
- 30+, john williams, researcher, Football security story.
- PS2WR
- 40+, bob jones, police chief superintendent, Football security story
- PS2WS
- 50+, keith pearson, football club secretary, Football security story.
- PS2WT
- 40+, richard faulkner, football trust representative, Football security story.
- PS2WU
- 40+, undercover police officer, Football security story.
- PS2WV
- 40+, police sergeant, Football security story.
- HF0PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HF0PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 3140 words from Central News: television news broadcast
- PS2X4
- 30+, mike morley, newsreader
- PS2X5
- 50+, dave johnson, police detective superintendent, Story about murder of businessman
- PS2X6
- 60+, pensioner, Story about Christmas lights
- PS2X7
- 30+, marie ashby, newsreader
- PS2X8
- mike rowbottom, reporter, Story about attack on Asian family
- PS2X9
- 30+, shopkeeper, Crime victim in story about attack on Asian family.
- PS2XA
- police officer, Story about attack on Asian family.
- PS2XB
- jane saggars, reporter, Story about murder of businessman.
- PS2XC
- john mitchell, reporter, Story about hit and run.
- HF1PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HF1PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 7872 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 17: interview for oral history project
- 9715 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 3: interview for oral history project
- 57531 words from A healing fire. Wilson, Patricia Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 74842 words from An American princess. Marshall, Paula Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 39793 words from I believe in angels. Cooper, Fiona Serpent's Tail London 1993 1-128
- 44626 words from A bloody field by Shrewsbury. Pargeter, Edith Headline Book Publishing plc London 1989 31-163
- 7297 words from In search of English: a traveller's guide. Crystal, David u.p.
- 40922 words from Darcy's Utopia. Weldon, Fay Flamingo London 1991
- 57176 words from Dark sunlight. Wilson, Patricia Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 38925 words from Deliria. Hall, Albyn Leah Serpent's Tail London 1993 1-125
- 47916 words from Driven by love. McCallum, Kristy Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 43619 words from The dyke & the dybbuk. Galford, Ellen Virago Press Ltd London 1993 98-245
- 45072 words from Economics. Begg, David Fischer, Stanley Dornbusch, Rudiger McGraw-Hill Book Company Maidenhead 1991
- 42620 words from Large vocabulary syntactic analysis for text recognition. Keenan, Frank [Unpublished PhD Thesis] 1993
- 43372 words from Frankenstein unbound. Aldiss, Brian New English Library Sevenoaks 1991
- 62742 words from Garden of desire. Martin, Laura Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 31271 words from The Laughter of Heroes. Neale, Johnathan Serpent's Tail London 1993 1-123
- 72465 words from Hidden flame. Bailey, Elizabeth Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 37509 words from Home design. Gilliatt, Mary Little, Brown & Company London 1992 8-183
- 26882 words from Microprocessor based measurement of plant growth. Lucas, Keith u.p.
- 47064 words from Love of my heart. Richmond, Emma Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 40701 words from Lucker and Tiffany peel out. Mildmay, Eroica Serpent's Tail London 1993 57-181
- 83604 words from My enemy, my love. Byrne, Julia Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 41636 words from Markets. Levacic, Rosalind Thompson Mitchell, Jeremy Frances, Jennifer Sage Publications Ltd London 1993 21-118
- 242477 words from New Internationalist. u.p.
- 39813 words from New latitudes: theory and English Renaissance literature. Healy, Thomas Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1992 7-124
- 39929 words from The poisoned chalice. Clynes, Michael Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 1-144
- 42504 words from The Which? book of plumbing and central heating. Holloway, David Consumers' Association London 1992 8-95
- 43491 words from Sale of goods and consumer credit. Dobson, A P Sweet & Maxwell Ltd London 1989 1-114
- 46114 words from Tower of shadows. Craven, Sara Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 40763 words from Tortoise by candlelight. Bawden, Nina Virago Press Ltd London 1989
- 48893 words from Only two can share. Murray, Annabel Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 57510 words from Wilder's wilderness. Macgregor, Miriam Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 38788 words from Wychwood. Thompson, E V Headline Book Publishing plc London 1992
- 2546 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 4276 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 5884 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 4761 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 4758 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 4065 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 4318 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 4430 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 6481 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 6915 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 4296 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 5403 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 6775 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 6205 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 4350 words from Bishop's Castle Railway Society Journal. et al Lucas, Keith Bishop's castle railway society 1990
- 432434 words from [Hansard extracts 1991-1992] HMSO London 1992
- 288910 words from [Hansard extracts 1991-1992] HMSO London 1992
- 405609 words from [Hansard extracts 1991-1992] HMSO London 1992
- 57494 words from Rapid -- ESRC grant abstracts. u.p.
- 192552 words from Rapid -- ESRC grant abstracts. u.p.
- 186715 words from Rapid -- ESRC grant abstracts. u.p.
- 42027 words from Rapid -- ESRC grant abstracts. u.p.
- 158918 words from The Belfast Telegraph. u.p.
- 193302 words from The Belfast Telegraph. u.p.
- 117152 words from KPMG MAS engagement manual. KPMG London 1993
- 4987 words from The red triangle. External Relations Unit, Napier University
- 32028 words from Journal of the Law Society of Scotland. Law Society's Hall Edinburgh 1975-04 115-150
- 12480 words from [Collected letters of the Scottish Sports Council] u.p.
- 30876 words from [Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh: miscellaneous documents] u.p.
- 49697 words from [Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh: miscellaneous documents] Royal Botanic garden Edinburgh, Scotland 1985- date marked
- 6192 words from [Edinburgh District Council: assorted press releases] u.p.
- 27488 words from [Unpublished creative writing : prose] u.p. n.d. 1-75
- 43560 words from [Unpublished creative writing] Wilson, Howard u.p.
- 24193 words from Coarse Fisherman. Metrocrest Ltd UK 1989-10
- 35009 words from Golf Monthly. Golf Monthly UK 1989-11
- 44001 words from Her living image. Rogers, Jane Faber & Faber Ltd London 1990 55-171
- 339 words from Looking for an outdoor activity? British Trust for Conservation
- 257 words from Pampers and the environment (letter). u.p.
- 544 words from [People's Trust for Endangered Species] u.p.
- 16634 words from WWF News. World-wide fund for nature UK 1989
- 1010 words from [Publisher's advertising brochure] Longman UK Ltd
- 843 words from [Publisher's advertising brochure] A colour atlas of AIDS and HIV disease. Longman
- 347 words from [Publisher's advertising brochure].A colour atlas of infectious diseases. u.p.
- 145 words from [Publisher's advertising brochure]. Splendid isolation. u.p.
- 756 words from Research Defence Society. u.p.
- 282 words from RDS: Medical progress for man and animals. u.p.
- 1381 words from Executive courses in business English. u.p.
- 3723 words from Learn the language in the country. u.p.
- 462 words from It's something you've always wanted to do…. u.p.
- 736 words from Information sources on courses of higher education. u.p.
- 552 words from Sources of information on post-graduate courses. u.p.
- 3991 words from What's on -- The Play House. u.p.
- 671 words from Free to you. u.p.
- 780 words from The Simon Community: Christianity at work. u.p.
- 293 words from Your parish church calendar 1992. u.p.
- 640 words from Quality champagne specially selected for Tesco. Tesco stores ltd
- 1882 words from [Tesco guide to low and no alcohol] Tesco stores ltd
- 460 words from Croxteth Hall & Country Park 1989. u.p.
- 782 words from [BCP -- the no.1 car park for Gatwick Airport] British Car Parks
- 62 words from Freemans. Freemans
- 447 words from Vevay -- Free this superb total colour make-up kit. Vevay
- 217 words from Young additions. u.p.
- 846 words from Harlow Sport Centre -- general information. u.p.
- 545 words from Harlow Sport Centre -- squash. u.p.
- 138 words from Bidwells -- Trustees of the Hinxton Estate. Bidwells
- 107 words from Bidwells -- Land adjoining 22 High Street. Bidwells
- 249 words from Bidwells -- The Hinxton Estate. Bidwells
- 883 words from British Gypsum -- Gyproc cove fixing instructions. British Gypsum
- 823 words from Rockwell -- The better alternative to the flat roof. u.p.
- 165 words from [Letter offering old document] u.p.
- 78163 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 75586 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 74492 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 96647 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 92180 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 96979 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 40804 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 76476 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 77061 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 91863 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 75631 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 41832 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990
- 57586 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 111190 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 56096 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 55961 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 119972 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 57850 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 62976 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 55973 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 117824 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 59368 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 122364 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 58494 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991
- 59107 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 61084 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 59999 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 58593 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 58036 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 57840 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 57493 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 51066 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 58032 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 61125 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 51574 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 40046 words from Keesings Contemporary Archives. Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 13002 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- PS2F7
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2F8
- Sheila, trade unionist
- PS2F9
- Kathy, trade unionist
- PS2FA
- Ethel, trade unionist
- PS2FB
- Kathy, trade unionist
- PS2FC
- Steve, trade unionist
- PS2FD
- John, trade unionist
- PS2FE
- Graham, trade unionist
- PS2FF
- Adrian, trade unionist
- HLUPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HLUPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11700 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- 2423 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- 13908 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- PS2KR
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2KS
- Neil, trade unionist
- PS2KT
- Derek, trade unionist
- PS2KU
- Len, trade unionist
- PS2KV
- Owen, trade unionist
- PS2KW
- Les, trade unionist
- PS2KX
- Peter, trade unionist
- PS2KY
- Hywel, trade unionist
- HLYPS000
- unspecified
- HLYPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HLYPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 13541 words from Camera club meeting
- 12145 words from London Talkback Radio: radio broadcast
- 6892 words from London Talkback Radio: radio broadcast
- 6326 words from Pearson: annual general meeting and extraordinary general meeting
- 3750 words from Pearson interim results: meeting
- 15752 words from BBC Radio Nottingham: radio broadcast
- PS329
- geoff owen, radio presenter
- PS32A
- alison ford, newsreader
- PS32B
- jonathan clays, reporter
- PS32C
- reporter
- PS32D
- 14+, Pre-recorded phone call
- PS32E
- mick cox, police detective superintendent
- PS32F
- nigel bell, reporter
- PS32G
- Louise, radio presenter, Action Line presenter
- PS32H
- David, education and training development officer
- HMAPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HMAPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12637 words from BBC Radio Nottingham: radio broadcast
- PS365
- Geoff, radio presenter
- PS366
- Caller on 'Loot for Lunchtime' programme.
- PS367
- John, weather forecaster
- PS368
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for 'Kids' County' game.
- PS369
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for 'Kids' County' game.
- PS36A
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for 'Kids' County' game.
- PS36B
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for 'Kids' County' game.
- PS36C
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for 'Kids' COunty' game.
- PS36D
- Elizabeth, Kids' County game caller.
- HMDPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HMDPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4349 words from Public Eye: documentary
- 3610 words from The Money Programme - part 1: documentary
- 1876 words from The Money Programme - part 2: documentary
- 556 words from The Money Programme - part 3: documentary
- 8912 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 16: interview for oral history project
- 7138 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 19: interview for oral history project
- 18641 words from The Central Match - Live: television sports broadcast
- PS3B8
- 40+, tony francis, 'ton', tv presenter/sports commentator
- PS3B9
- gary newbon, tv presenter/sports commentator
- PS3BA
- 50+, ron atkinson, football manager, sports commentator
- PS3BB
- 50+, jimmy greaves, 'greavesey', tv presenter/sports commentator
- PS3BC
- alan parry, sports commentator
- PS3BD
- brian little, football manager
- PS3BE
- 40+, frank clark, football manager
- PS3BF
- john helm, sports commentator
- PS3BG
- theo foley, sports commentator
- HMNPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HMNPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 9039 words from Jonathan Cowap Morning Show: radio broadcast
- PS3BN
- jonathan cowap, radio presenter
- PS3BP
- Judy, Phone-in caller
- PS3BR
- radio presenter
- PS3BS
- mr mcmillan scott, euro member of parliament
- PS3BT
- john reynoldson, county planning officer
- PS3BU
- Peter, minerals planning consultant
- PS3BV
- jason cullen, radio presenter, A A Roadwatch report
- PS3BW
- Terry, Phone-in caller
- PS3BX
- Stewart, Phone-in caller
- HMPPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HMPPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 39294 words from Finishing touch. Rowlands, Betty Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1991
- 40618 words from The floating voter. Critchley, Julian Headline Book Publishing plc London 1993 1-150
- 39416 words from Financial market analysis. Blake, David McGraw-Hill Book Company Maidenhead 1990
- 38140 words from Financial investments. Griffiths, Howard McGraw-Hill Book Company Maidenhead 1990 82-202
- 5828 words from Idols. Romer, Stephen Oxford University Press Oxford 1986 1-48
- 5217 words from The incident book. Adcock, Fleur Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 18-53
- 5262 words from The kiosk on the brink. McKendrick, Jamie Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 11-52
- 5801 words from Pea soup. Reid, Christopher Oxford University Press Oxford 1983 9-62
- 7391 words from Plato's ladder. Romer, Stephen Oxford University Press Oxford 1992 8-78
- 43334 words from R&D management: managing projects & new products. Bergen, S A Basil Blackwell Ltd Oxford 1990 27-208
- 39719 words from Studies in school self-evaluation. Nuttall, D L Clift, P S McCormick, R The Falmer Press Lewes, East Sussex 1987
- 6369 words from The sirocco room. McKendrick, Jamie Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-49
- 43979 words from The rich are with you always. Macdonald, Malcolm Coronet Books London 1978 187-304
- 7735 words from Time-zones. Adcock, Fleur Oxford University Press Oxford 1991 1-46
- 44570 words from War and social change: British society in the Second World War. Smith, Harold L Manchester University Press Manchester 1986 3-31
- 26348 words from Industrial Law Journal. Davies, Paul Oxford University Press Oxford 1993-06
- 33909 words from [Wimpey newsletter] Wimpey
- 11163 words from [BP annual report] u.p.
- 24919 words from [Scottish Amicable newsletter] Scottish Amicable
- 12298 words from [Johnson Matthey Annual Report 1993] u.p.
- 15238 words from Assay -- magazine of the Johnson Matthey Group. Reteif, France Godwin, Ian D u.p.
- 3196 words from P&O Services. u.p.
- 10250 words from BNFL News. British Nuclear Fuels plc Manchester 1992 March - May
- 9788 words from BNFL News. British Nuclear Fuels plc Manchester 1992 March - May
- 9025 words from BNFL News. British Nuclear Fuels plc Manchester 1992 March - May
- 26297 words from Scotvec reports. u.p.
- 3240 words from WISE: Women into Science & Engineering. u.p.
- 14385 words from The Engineering Council Guidelines on Risk Issues. u.p.
- 25888 words from [School essays on Literature] u.p.
- 20892 words from [Christian Aid leaflets] u.p.
- 4999 words from [GDA annual report] u.p.
- 27511 words from [Parish Council letters] u.p.
- 18774 words from [Lothian Council: unpublished documents] u.p.
- 48344 words from Subjective risk and memory for driving situations [Unpublished PhD thesis] u.p.
- 48911 words from The purpose and use of the research [Unpublished PhD thesis] u.p.
- 42093 words from [Spokes: unpublished letters & articles] u.p.
- 6983 words from [Unpublished short stories] u.p.
- 9717 words from [Unpublished essays] u.p.
- 43434 words from Charles the Bald. Nelson, Janet Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 1-131
- 39810 words from Data collection in context. Ackroyd, Stephen Hughes, John A Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 13-107
- 41015 words from Franco. Ellwood, Sheelagh Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 72-184
- 44950 words from Innocent III: leader of Europe 1198-1216. Sayers, Jane Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 10-139
- 44511 words from Managing education: the purpose and practice of good management in schools. Owen, Joslyn Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 57-153
- 44151 words from The meaning of syntax: a study in the adjectives of English. Ferris, Connor Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-125
- 44573 words from The vital century: England's developing economy 1714-1815. Rule, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 179-303
- 44258 words from The architecture of Europe: vol. 2: Middle Ages, 650-1550. Yarwood, Doreen BT Batsford Ltd London 1992 1-161
- 40789 words from Computer applications in geography. Mather, Paul M John Wiley & Sons Ltd Chichester 1991 100-224
- 36460 words from The crocus list. Lyall, Gavin Coronet Books London 1993 95-207
- 7072 words from The hunt by night. Mahon, Derek Oxford University Press Oxford 1986 9-63
- 41265 words from Billion-dollar brain. Deighton, Len Arrow Books Ltd London 1991 67-219
- 40583 words from East of Wimbledon. Williams, Nigel Faber & Faber Ltd London 1993 61-191
- 41905 words from They came from SW19. Williams, Nigel Faber & Faber Ltd London 1992 119-250
- 43450 words from Goshawk squadron. Robinson, Derek Fontana Press London 1993 60-194
- 40249 words from The ruling passion of John Gould. Tree, Isabella Barrie & Jenkins London 1991
- 39939 words from King hereafter. Dunnett, Dorothy Arrow Books Ltd London 1992 637-732
- 43187 words from Multimedia in the 1990s. Feldman, Tony The British Library Board London 1991 1-167
- 39590 words from Oil on troubled waters -- Gulf wars 1980-91. Creighton, John Echoes London 1992 5-117
- 42841 words from Phantom. Hayward, Anthony George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd London 1992 001-116
- 42483 words from Polymers: the chemistry and physics of modern materials. Cowie, J M G Blackie academic & professional Glasgow 1991 157-303
- 28199 words from R&D management: managing projects and new products. Bergen, S A Basil Blackwell Oxford 1990 1-114
- 34825 words from Constitutional texts. Brazier, Rodney Oxford University Press Oxford 1990 1-90
- 41557 words from Information systems development. Avison, D E Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford 1992 41-181
- 8504 words from The onion, memory. Raine, Craig Oxford University Press Oxford 1978 2-84
- 42329 words from Urban sociology. Dickens, Peter Harvester & Wheatsheaf Hemel Hempstead 1990 28-152
- 29914 words from Nature. Macmillan Magazines Ltd London 1993
- 22660 words from Women's Art. Townsend, S Women artists slide library London 1992
- 7833 words from Chartered Institute of Bankers Yearbook. The chartered institute of bankers London 1992/1919
- 10310 words from [The Chartered Institute of Bankers: miscellaneous documents] The chartered institute of bankers London 1992/1919
- 48107 words from [Link -- the house journal of the Pauls group] u.p.
- 7376 words from Guinness Today. u.p.
- 6981 words from Guinness Globe. u.p.
- 4135 words from Dawson International plc: Notice of annual general meeting. u.p.
- 5855 words from Dawson International plc: Annual report '93. u.p.
- 11138 words from Glenpatrick News. u.p.
- 10709 words from Glenpatrick News. u.p.
- 11748 words from Glenpatrick News. u.p.
- 11398 words from Glenpatrick News. u.p.
- 12910 words from Glenpatrick News. u.p.
- 2029 words from Glenpatrick News. u.p.
- 7714 words from Special religious education division. u.p.
- 5184 words from Annual report. HCIMA England, London 1991/1919
- 3278 words from A guide to the new simplified divorce. u.p.
- 14700 words from [Unpublished creative writing] u.p.
- 12167 words from [Unpublished university notes] u.p.
- 36432 words from [Unpublished university essays] u.p.
- 41778 words from Chemistry in action. Freemantle, Michael Macmillan Education Ltd UK 1987 85-236
- 26977 words from Engineering management: Financial control. Barnes, Martin Thomas Telford Ltd UK 1990 1-105
- 39642 words from The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Ltd London 1989-04-08
- 18250 words from Illustrated London News. Illustrated London News London 1989-04
- 6520 words from [RSPB new members brochure] RSPB UK 1988
- 23176 words from Sky. News International-Hachette UK April 1989
- 11327 words from Small Gardens. EMAP National Publications UK 1989-09
- 39426 words from Spare Rib. Spare Rib Ltd UK 1989-04
- 4958 words from The Spectator. 10 January 1987
- 4257 words from Plant biotechnology. Association of Agriculture
- 337 words from Parasitology [publishers leaflet]. Cambridge University Press Cambridge
- 833 words from Exciting new titles in parasitology from Chapman and Hall. Chapman & Hall London
- 645 words from Man on the moon -- 20th anniversary special offer. u.p.
- 2505 words from Olympus Scientific Products News. Olympus Scientific Products
- 681 words from The Queen's awards for export and technology 1990. Department of Trade & Industry 1990
- 529 words from Superfile -- database manager for mailing lists. Southdata Ltd.
- 303 words from Alex -- advanced OCR. Southdata Ltd.
- 2752 words from CompuAdd. The catalogue. CompuAdd
- 247 words from Reading your meter. Eastern Electricity
- 381 words from Cut your water heating costs by at least…⅓. Eastern Electricity
- 409 words from Satisfy your desire for a living flame gas fire. British Gas Eastern
- 601 words from Let E.T. safeguard your future. Eastern Electricity
- 4824 words from Keep warm -- keep well. Department of health/Central office for information
- 622 words from 1989 Hoechst farmer competition. Hoechst 1989
- 2069 words from Tesco cares: a guide to the world around us. Tesco stores ltd
- 677 words from CFCs and the ozone layer. Tesco stores ltd
- 451 words from Phosphates and the water supply. Tesco stores ltd
- 568 words from Paper and the environment. Tesco stores ltd
- 845 words from Recycling and the environment. Tesco stores ltd
- 11263 words from The Embalmer. British Institute of Embalmers Knebworth 1993-12
- 51193 words from Edinburgh postgraduate prospectus 1994. Smith, David Grosvenor Press Portsmouth July 1993 1-138
- 55851 words from Edinburgh undergraduate prospectus. Smith, David Grosvenor Press Portsmouth 1993 1-157
- 41123 words from Bureaucracy and political power. Smith, B C Wheatsheaf Books Ltd Brighton 1988 40-175
- 43061 words from Clubbed to death. Dudley Edwards, Ruth Victor Gollancz Ltd London 1993 40-158
- 33073 words from Diggers. Pratchett, Terry Doubleday London 1990 28-153
- 41226 words from A game of sudden death. Rutherford, Douglas Macmillan & Doubleday London 1990 234-461
- 43716 words from A higher education. Silver, Harold The Falmer Press Basingstoke 1990 65-162
- 40554 words from Angel hunt. Ripley, Mike Fontana Press London 1991 005-132
- 37244 words from Lavondyss. Holdstock, Robert Grafton Books London 1990 329-448
- 35729 words from A little lower than the angels. McCaughrean, Geraldine Oxford University Press Oxford 1987 13-133
- 38726 words from Madness and modernity: a study in social psychoanalysis. Badcock, C R Basil Blackwell Ltd Oxford 1984 1-134
- 42885 words from A masculine ending. Smith, Joan Faber & Faber Ltd London 1988 38-150
- 41202 words from Other people's blood. Kippax, Frank Fontana Press London 1993 9-146
- 42198 words from Ratking. Dibdin, Michael Faber & Faber Ltd London 1989 84-201
- 42584 words from The suburban book of the dead. Rankin, Robert Corgi Books London 1993 103-264
- 44715 words from Sociology of the global system. Sklair, Leslie Harvester & Wheatsheaf Hemel Hempstead 1991 001-126
- 35065 words from The eagle has flown. Higgins, Jack Pan Books Ltd London 1991 1-170
- 41792 words from The Mamur Zapt and the night of the dog. Pearce, Michael Fontana Press London 1991 60-197
- 41032 words from The pit. Penswick, Neil Virgin London 1993 113-257
- 39908 words from The white rose murder. Clynes, Michael Headline Book Publishing plc London 1992 73-209
- 18846 words from The Embalmer. British Institute of Embalmers Knebworth 1993-12 3-35
- 163461 words from Gut: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Alan, R N British Medical Association London
- 170995 words from Gut: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Alan, R N British Medical Association London
- 161319 words from Gut: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Alan, R N British Medical Association London
- 15048 words from [Annual report] The general council of the bar England 1992 1-25
- 6603 words from Wood Group: Energy supporting energy. John Wood Group plc Aberdeen 1992 1-24
- 7994 words from [Report and accounts] Guinness Group London 1992 1-25
- 9030 words from [Medau Society literature] The Medau Society UK 1990/1919
- 17895 words from Bishops' Conference of Scotland. u.p.
- 12336 words from [Short stories] Potter, Alistair u.p.
- 20542 words from [Schoolboys' essays] u.p.
- 13024 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- PS2GD
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2GE
- Prue, trade unionist
- PS2GF
- Les, trade unionist
- PS2GG
- Dave, trade unionist
- PS2GH
- Duncan, trade unionist
- PS2GJ
- Dave, trade unionist
- PS2GK
- Alan, trade unionist
- PS2GL
- Peggy, trade unionist
- HUCPS000
- unspecified
- HUCPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HUCPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12902 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- PS2H5
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2H6
- John, trade unionist
- PS2H7
- Denise, trade unionist
- PS2H8
- Frank, trade unionist
- PS2H9
- John, general secretary of trade union
- PS2HA
- Robert, trade unionist
- PS2HB
- Alan, trade unionist
- PS2HC
- Barbara, trade unionist
- PS2HD
- Billy, trade unionist
- HUDPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HUDPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 13515 words from Trade Union Annual Congress: trade union congress
- 7564 words from King's College London: political philosophy lecture
- 1466 words from Hatfield Airfield air traffic control
- 7784 words from London School of Economics: lecture
- 15929 words from London School of Economics: lecture
- 14030 words from London School of Economics: lecture on the psychoanalytical study of society
- 13446 words from London School of Economics: lecture on the psychoanalytical study of society
- 15795 words from London School of Economics: lecture on the psychoanalytical study of society
- 16602 words from London School of Economics: lecture on the psychoanalytical study of society
- 9993 words from Pearson preliminary results: analysts meeting
- 14240 words from Christie's auction rooms: auction of mechanical music
- 11734 words from Christie's auction rooms: auction of oriental ceramics and works of art
- 7663 words from Pastoral parish council meeting
- 6647 words from Trent Law School: lecture
- 17821 words from James Whale Phone-in: radio broadcast
- PS3C8
- 40+, james whale, radio presenter
- PS3C9
- Danny, radio technician
- PS3CA
- Douglas, Phone-in caller
- PS3CB
- 60+, Sam, Phone-in caller
- PS3CC
- Melanie, civil servant, Phone-in caller
- PS3CD
- Alf, Phone-in caller
- PS3CE
- Danny, radio presenter, A A Roadwatch travel news
- PS3CF
- David, nspcc employee, Phone-in caller
- PS3CG
- Michael
- HUVPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HUVPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 10384 words from On the Record: television broadcast
- PS3CM
- 50+, john humphries, tv presenter
- PS3CN
- 50+, john hume, member of parliament (sdlp leader)
- PS3CP
- british rail announcer
- PS3CR
- 30+, michael gold, telvision reporter
- PS3CS
- 50+, Protestor
- PS3CT
- 40+, Protestor
- PS3CU
- 30+, Protestor
- PS3CV
- 50+, Protestor
- PS3CW
- 20+, waiter
- HUWPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HUWPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 8292 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 18: interview for oral history project
- 8549 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 20: interview for oral history project
- 16755 words from James Whale Phone-in: radio broadcast
- PS3DB
- 40+, james whale, radio presenter
- PS3DC
- 30+, Alan, phone-in caller
- PS3DD
- Recorded voice of American spokesman
- PS3DE
- 30+, Karen, radio studio technician
- PS3DF
- 30+, danny savage, radio presenter, A A Roadwatch report
- PS3DG
- 30+, Noel, n.u.t. press officer
- PS3DH
- 30+, Rita, Phone-in caller
- PS3DJ
- 20+, Rachael, guide for guided tour company
- PS3DK
- 20+, radio studio technician
- HV0PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HV0PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5476 words from Central Weekend Live - part 1: television broadcast
- PS3E3
- 30+, nicky campbell, tv presenter
- PS3E4
- 40+, sue jay, tv presenter
- PS3E5
- 30+, oliver james, consultant psychologist, Slight lisp on R
- PS3E6
- 40+, dr vernon coleman, medical consultant
- PS3E7
- 40+, dr cosmo hallstrom, medical consultant
- PS3E8
- 40+, Donna, journalist
- PS3E9
- 40+, dr simon fradd, general practitioner
- PS3EA
- 30+, graeme wilson, representative of citizens' commission on human rights
- PS3EB
- 40+, Peter
- HV1PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HV1PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5319 words from Central Weekend Live - part 2: television broadcast
- PS3EE
- 30+, nicky campbell, tv presenter
- PS3EF
- 50+, john taylor, member of parliament (ulster unionist) for strangford
- PS3EG
- 40+, clare short, member of parliament (labour)
- PS3EH
- 60+, tim pat, historian, ira expert
- PS3EJ
- 40+, martin dillon, author, Author of The Dirty War, about the Irish conflict
- PS3EK
- 50+, sir william ross, member of parliament for east londonderry
- PS3EL
- 50+, Ray, ex-soldier
- PS3EM
- 50+, Michael, lieutenant-colonel, counter-terrorism expert
- PS3EN
- 40+, Mary, Representing the Troops Out movement
- HV2PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HV2PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 3478 words from Central Weekend Live - part 3: television broadcast
- PS3EP
- 40+, ed doolan, tv presenter
- PS3ER
- 30+, Beth, animal rights defender
- PS3ES
- 40+, Michael, representative of circus society
- PS3ET
- 30+, Diane, representative of circus watch
- PS3EU
- 30+, Gavin, circus trainer/performer
- PS3EV
- 50+, Pat, representative of animal welfare alliance
- PS3EW
- 40+, Dave, circus owner
- PS3EX
- 50+, dr marthe, animal behaviourist, Slight lisp on R
- PS3EY
- 40+, Rusty, clown
- HV3PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HV3PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 862 words from Inaugural address of new president of National Association of Round Tables of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- 3878 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/D: radio broadcast
- 3833 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/D: radio broadcast
- 1415 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/C: radio broadcast
- 778 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/C: radio broadcast
- 2195 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/C: radio broadcast
- 932 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/C: radio broadcast
- 1652 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA/RO/C: radio broadcast
- 6310 words from Central Weekend Live - part 1: television broadcast
- PS3G1
- 30+, nicky campbell, tv presenter
- PS3G2
- 40+, ed doolan, tv presenter
- PS3G3
- 30+, Tony
- PS3G4
- 20+, Alaina
- PS3G5
- 50+, theresa gorman, member of parliament (conservative)
- PS3G6
- 20+, Lindsey
- PS3G7
- 20+, John
- PS3G8
- 50+, sir ivan lawrence, member of parliament (conservative)
- PS3G9
- 30+, Andrew
- HVCPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HVCPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5179 words from Central Weekend Live - part 2: television broadcast
- PS3GL
- 30+, nicky campbell, tv presenter
- PS3GM
- 50+, Ronnie, army brigadier
- PS3GN
- 30+, Andrew, ex-soldier
- PS3GP
- 20+, Richard, ex-soldier
- PS3GR
- 50+, david lightbown, member of parliament (conservative)
- PS3GS
- 30+, Tim, ex-soldier
- PS3GT
- 40+, Paul, Slight lisp on S
- PS3GU
- 30+, Alan, rsm in army training regiment
- PS3GV
- 30+, ex-solder (awol)
- HVDPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HVDPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 3594 words from Central Weekend Live - part 3: television broadcast
- 22076 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 1, morning session: public county council meeting
- PS3HD
- 50+, eric barnett, department of the environment adjudicator, Chairing the meeting.
- PS3HE
- 40+, mr p davies, legal representative, Representing North Yorkshire County Council
- PS3HF
- 50+, stuart cowley, legal representative, Representing North Yorkshire County Council
- PS3HG
- 40+, r whittaker, senior inspector
- PS3HH
- 35+, roy donson, legal representative, Representing House Builders Federation
- PS3HJ
- 50+, m rees, department of the environment representative
- PS3HK
- 30+, malcolm spittle, north yorkshire county council representative
- PS3HL
- 40+, steven grigson, legal representative, Representing Barton Wilmore
- PS3HM
- 30+, mrs long, north yorkshire county council representative
- HVFPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HVFPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 15725 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 1, afternoon session: public county council meeting
- PS3J0
- 50+, eric barnett, department of the environment adjudicator, Chairperson
- PS3J1
- 50+, margaret rees, department of the environment representative
- PS3J2
- 40+, r whittaker, senior inspector
- PS3J3
- 30+, dave girt, leeds city council representative
- PS3J4
- 50+, w caulfield (bill), bradford district council representative
- PS3J5
- 35+, roy donson, house builders' federation representative
- PS3J6
- 40+, stephen grigson, solicitor
- PS3J7
- 30+, j cunnane, solicitor, Representing Sam Smith's Tadcaster Brewery
- PS3J8
- 40+, p sedgewick, solicitor
- HVGPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HVGPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 24821 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 4 session: public county council meeting
- PS3JH
- 50+, eric barnett, department of the environment adjudicator, Chairing the meeting.
- PS3JJ
- 40+, mr p davies, legal representative, Representing North Yorkshire County Council
- PS3JK
- 40+, d whittaker, senior inspector
- PS3JL
- 35+, roy donson, house builders' federation representative
- PS3JM
- 30+, r thomas, solicitor
- PS3JN
- mr wincup, department of the environment representative
- PS3JP
- m courcier, solicitor
- PS3JR
- mr brighton
- PS3JS
- mr brooke
- HVHPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HVHPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 23241 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 3, morning session: public county council planning meeting
- PS3L3
- 50+, mr e barnett, department of the environment adjudicator, Chairing the enquiry
- PS3L4
- 40+, mr peter davis, north yorkshire county council legal representative
- PS3L5
- 40+, miss d whittaker, senior inspector
- PS3L6
- 30+, mr david curtis, york city council legal representative
- PS3L7
- 25+, mr ian smith, ryedale district council legal representative
- PS3L8
- 40+, mr steven grigson, solicitor, from Barton Willmore
- PS3L9
- 30+, mr malcolm spittle, north yorkshire county council legal representative
- PS3LA
- 30+, mrs long, north yorkshire county council legal representative
- PS3LB
- 35+, mr roy donson, house builders' federation representative
- HVJPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HVJPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 24107 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 3, afternoon session: public county council planning meeting
- PS3LK
- 50+, mr e barnett, department of the environment adjudicator
- PS3LL
- 40+, miss d whitaker, senior inspector
- PS3LM
- 35+, mr roy donson, house builders' federation representative
- PS3LN
- mr paul brighton, solicitor, for Barton Willmore
- PS3LP
- mr christopher timothy, solicitor, for Wood-Frampton
- PS3LR
- mr clive brook, solicitor, for Clive Brook Associates
- PS3LS
- mr anthony (tony) sexton, solicitor, for Connell.
- PS3LT
- 30+, mr michael jewitt, hambledon district council legal representative
- PS3LU
- 30+, mr girt, leeds city council representative
- HVKPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HVKPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 42729 words from Just another angel. Ripley, Mike Fontana Paperbacks London 1989 64-218
- 28691 words from Accounting in a business context. Jarvis, Robin Berry, Aidan Chapman & Hall London 1992 1-113
- 42165 words from The butcher's bill. Kippax, Frank Fontana Press London 1992 120-233
- 42139 words from Architecture of Europe: vol. 1: The ancient classical and Byzantine world, 3000 BC-AD 1453. Yarwood, Doreen BT Batsford Ltd London 1992 39-157
- 40413 words from The wasp factory. Banks, Iain Abacus London 1990 7-126
- 43053 words from Family history and local history in England. Hey, David Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1987 46-183
- 30399 words from The house of women. Cookson, Catherine Corgi Books London 1993 181-320
- 211748 words from Lifespan computer manuals. Corporate u.p.
- 38779 words from The transformation of medieval England. Thomson, J A F Longman New York 1992 009-082
- 44551 words from Public finance and public choice. Jones, Philip Cullis, John McGraw-Hill Book Company Maidenhead 1992
- 38852 words from Richard III. Pollard, A J Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd Gloucester 1991 27-132
- 41509 words from Angel touch. Ripley, Mike Fontana Press London 1991 81-203
- 43403 words from The jewel that was ours. Dexter, Colin Pan Books Ltd London 1992 89-254
- 38211 words from The book of ultimate truths. Rankin, Robert Doubleday London 1993 13-142
- 40782 words from Wycliffe and the Windsor Blue. Burley, W J Corgi Books London 1989 7-152
- 164249 words from Gut: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Alan, R N British Medical Association London
- 58211 words from Gut: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Alan, R N British Medical Association London
- 47261 words from The Lancet. The Lancet Ltd London 1993
- 44333 words from The Lancet. The Lancet Ltd London 1993-06/19
- 44934 words from The Lancet. The Lancet Ltd London 1993
- 44487 words from Sounds. Spotlight Publications London 1990-11-10
- 7894 words from [Prospectus] Henley Management College England 1993 1-23
- 16344 words from Scotvec update. Scotvec Glasgow 1992/1919
- 13624 words from Scotvec report. u.p. n.d. 1-45
- 12147 words from [Reference book] HCIMA England, London 1992/1919
- 18129 words from Hotel, Catering & Institutional Management Association. u.p.
- 31644 words from Hotel, Catering & Institutional Management Association. u.p.
- 7927 words from [Annual report] Napier Enterprise Centre Scotland, Edinburgh 1993 2-21
- 945 words from Christian Aid. Christian Aid Edinburgh, Scotland
- 4888 words from [Christian Aid: administrative documents]. Christian Aid Edinburgh, Scotland 1986/1919
- 39849 words from [Medau Society leaflets] The Medau Society UK 1980/1919
- 39558 words from [Unpublished academic thesis] Wilson, Howard u.p.
- 6860 words from [Articles by a management consultant] u.p.
- 37134 words from [Solicitors' information packs] u.p.
- 45196 words from Albion's people: English society, 1714-1815. Rule, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 105-225
- 44481 words from Introduction to computer law. Bainbridge, David I Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 24-121
- 45521 words from Criminal law. Jefferson, Michael Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 44754 words from The effective teaching of history. Brooks, Ron Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-156
- 43588 words from The English infinitive. Duffley, Patrick J Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 11-149
- 44848 words from How to write essays, dissertations & theses in literary studies. Fabb, Nigel Durant, Alan Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 9-140
- 6216 words from European economic integration: The Customs Union. Penketh, KeithMcDonald, FrankDearden, StephenLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 1-15
- 8755 words from European economic integration: The single European market. McDonald, FrankMcDonald, FrankDearden, StephenLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 16-38
- 5686 words from European economic integration: European Monetary Union: the case for complete monetary integration. Zis, GeorgeMcDonald, FrankDearden, StephenLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 39-49
- 4347 words from European economic integration: The budget of the European Community. Penketh, KeithMcDonald, FrankDearden, StephenLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 50-58
- 11358 words from European economic integration: Competition policy. Kemp, JohnMcDonald, FrankDearden, StephenLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 59-80
- 7170 words from European economic integration: Social policy. Dearden, StephenMcDonald, FrankDearden, StephenLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 82-98
- 8907 words from European economic integration: Regional Policy. Tomkins, JudithTwomey, JimMcDonald, FrankDearden, StephenLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 100-115
- 43264 words from The fabliau in English. Hines, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-139
- 41239 words from A future for the NHS? Ranade, Wendy Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1994 1-118
- 43300 words from De Gaulle. Shennan, Andrew Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 16-139
- 42677 words from Law of tort. Cooke, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 72-173
- 45324 words from Land law. Lim, Hilary Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 24-121
- 45276 words from Cnut: the Danes in England in the early eleventh century. Lawson, M K Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 9-150
- 45701 words from London Jamaican. Sebba, Mark Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-137
- 45340 words from The Merovingian kingdoms 450-751. Wood, Ian Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1994 5-113
- 9678 words from Markets and dealers. Harrington, Richard Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 61-81
- 12866 words from Markets and dealers. Leslie, James Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 85-109
- 10891 words from Markets and dealers. Davis, Phil Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 111-134
- 9652 words from Markets and dealers. Temperton, Paul Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 138-161
- 45259 words from The rise of modern diplomacy 1450-1919. Anderson, M S Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 41-148
- 45267 words from English medieval mystics: games of faith. Glasscoe, Marion Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-159
- 42595 words from Russia in the age of reaction and reform 1801-1881. Saunders, David Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1994 173-272
- 44921 words from The special relationship: a political history of Anglo-American relations since 1945. Bartlett, C J Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 1-124
- 45664 words from Politics under the later Stuarts: party conflict in a divided society, 1660-1715. Harris, Tim Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 117-239
- 38021 words from The teaching of drama in the primary school. Woolland, Brian Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 34-138
- 45161 words from The effective teaching of religious education. Watson, Brenda Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-125
- 12160 words from Suffolk Sound Archive oral history project: interview
- 8967 words from King's College London: philosophy discussion class
- 12022 words from Pearson preliminary results: presentation and press and analysts' questions
- 6363 words from Pearson analyst presentation: analysts' meeting
- 3506 words from Trent Law School: tutorial
- 15675 words from Town council grants meeting
- 7771 words from Town council planning meeting
- 4929 words from Nottingham University Economics Department: tutorial
- 4473 words from Nottingham University Economics Department: agricultural economics lecture
- 5226 words from Nottingham University Economics Department: agricultural economics tutorial
- 6129 words from Nottingham University Economics Department: tutorial
- 4510 words from Nottingham University Economics Department: lecture
- 6182 words from Nottingham University Economics Department: tutorial
- 5783 words from Nottingham University Economics Department: lecture
- 10621 words from Commercial Union training session
- 9922 words from Commercial Union training session
- PS3KN
- Martin, trainer
- PS3KP
- trainer
- PS3KR
- Andy, insurance company employee
- PS3KS
- Margaret, insurance company employee
- PS3KT
- Mark, insurance company employee
- PS3KU
- John, insurance company employee
- PS3KV
- Marie, insurance company employee
- PS3KW
- Nora, insurance company employee
- PS3KX
- Irene, insurance company employee
- HYVPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- HYVPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 3249 words from Commercial Union training session
- 20043 words from Shropshire County Council: committee meeting
- 6807 words from British Association of Industrial Editors - Edinburgh Internal Communications Group: informal meeting
- 41650 words from The age of capital 1848-1875. Hobsbawm, E J Abacus London 1977 203-316
- 4914 words from Arcadia. Reid, Christopher Oxford University Press Oxford 1979 1-50
- 44758 words from Global geomorphology: an introduction to the study of landforms. Summerfield, Michael A Longman Scientific & Technical Harlow 1991 32-150
- 41171 words from Involuntary unemployment. Trevithick, J A Harvester & Wheatsheaf Hemel Hempstead 1992 92-205
- 77281 words from Electronic information resources and the historian. Ross, Seamus Higgs, Edward u.p.
- 43664 words from Kenneth Williams: a biography. Freeland, Michael George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd London 1990
- 7286 words from Letters in the dark. Lomas, Herbert Oxford University Press Oxford 1986 8-66
- 4075 words from A Martian sends a postcard home. Raine, Craig Oxford University Press Oxford 1979 1-46
- 42229 words from The Mamur Zapt and the girl in the Nile. Pearce, Michael Fontana Press London 1992 5-150
- 28985 words from Children's party cakes. Clark, Maxine Farrow, Joanna Man, Kathy Macdonald & Company (Publrs) Ltd London 1992 6-114
- 40070 words from Physical fluid dynamics. Tritton, D J Oxford University Press Oxford 1988 278-430
- 41398 words from Payback. James, Russell Victor Gollancz Ltd London 1993
- 40574 words from Preventing mental illness. Newton, Jennifer Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1988
- 38985 words from Economics. u.p. n.d. 641-732
- 38200 words from Town and country planning in Britain. Cullingworth, J B Routledge & Kegan Paul plc London 1988 111-208
- 43434 words from A landing on the sun. Frayn, Michael Penguin Books London 1992 1-130
- 44922 words from Tropical rainforest ecology. Mabberley, D J Blackie & Son Ltd London 1992 133-241
- 41340 words from Voices of summer. Pearson, Diane Corgi Books London 1993 133-298
- 44237 words from Early Music. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 26130 words from FlyPast. Key Publishing Stamford, Lincs 1992
- 39824 words from [Leeds United e-mail list] u.p.
- 7326 words from [Leeds United e-mail list] u.p.
- 27765 words from [Leeds United e-mail list] u.p.
- 27641 words from [Leeds United e-mail list] u.p.
- 42585 words from [Leeds United e-mail list] u.p.
- 46273 words from [Leeds United e-mail list] u.p.
- 18828 words from [Leeds United e-mail list] u.p.
- 22370 words from Women's Art. Townsend, S Women artists slide library London 1991
- 8137 words from Speeches by Tony Hall. Hall, Tony u.p.
- 34276 words from Scottish TV -- news scripts. u.p.
- 2686 words from Scottish TV -- sports news scripts. u.p.
- 9936 words from The cost of default. The Law Society Great Britain 1992-10 1-38
- 5157 words from The Scottish Council for Development and Industry annual report. u.p. n.d. 1-24
- 5015 words from The Scottish Council for Development and Industry annual report. The Scottish council for development & industry Scotland 1990/1919 1-24
- 3530 words from Press News. Renault London 1993
- 4687 words from Press News. Renault London 1993 1-22
- 4982 words from The economic significance of scotch whisky. The Scotch whisky association Scotland, Edinburgh 1992 1-16
- 3282 words from Scotch and tax. The Scotch whisky association Scotland, Edinburgh 1992 1-13
- 7247 words from Wavelength. P & O London 1993
- 8737 words from Wavelength. P & O London 1993
- 2306 words from Guinness plc. u.p.
- 2735 words from United Distillers. u.p.
- 1605 words from Guinness brewing worldwide. u.p.
- 3878 words from Alcohol & society: some questions and answers. u.p.
- 4845 words from Guinness brewing worldwide. u.p.
- 6851 words from Guinness. u.p.
- 4568 words from [Prospectus] The Henley Research Centre Henley 1-13
- 14669 words from Short courses in religious and moral education. u.p.
- 3280 words from Reporter. National Museums of Scotland Edinburgh 1993 1-8
- 3651 words from Reporter. National Museums of Scotland Edinburgh 1993 1-8
- 7795 words from Regulations for programmes of the HCIMA professional qualifications. HCIMA England, London 1990 1-33
- 25013 words from Report & supplement. Somerville College Oxford 1990 7-105
- 9179 words from University of Oxford. u.p.
- 7396 words from Research on animals in Oxford. u.p.
- 4285 words from Will we ever learn. u.p.
- 7206 words from [Unpublished short stories] Benn, June u.p.
- 10482 words from Hombre. Leonard, Elmore Chivers Press UK 1989 1-45
- 6721 words from Chaos [2/2] Firth, W J Manchester University Press Manchester 1987 135-155
- 6869 words from Chaos [1/2] Sparrow, C Manchester University Press Manchester 1987 111-131
- 35643 words from Pragmatics. Levinson, Stephen C Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1987 15-111
- 36748 words from Romano-British mosaics. Cookson, Neil Andrew British Archaeological Reports UK 1984 3-84
- 12454 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 11869 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 15291 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 12222 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13800 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 12618 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13642 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 14217 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13330 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 17881 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 11751 words from The Environment Digest September 1991. Wright, Martin Environmental Publications Ltd 1991
- 12516 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13192 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13304 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 12925 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13564 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13580 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 17762 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
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- 11681 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 12126 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13582 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13819 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13542 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 11790 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13816 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 13197 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 14063 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 16903 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 11485 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 10168 words from The Environment Digest. Wright, Martin Environment Publishers Ltd
- 5899 words from Garrick Society annual general meeting
- 6224 words from St Helens Aquarist Society annual general meeting
- 21597 words from Shropshire County Council Social Services Committee: committee meeting
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- 10166 words from Shropshire County Council Public Protection Committee: committee meeting
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- 7694 words from Friends Provident Insurance training session
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- 10494 words from Royal Yachting Association annual general meeting
- 7298 words from Royal Yachting Association instruction video: sailing
- 6618 words from Gardeners' Question Time: radio programme
- 6636 words from British Association of Industrial Editors - Edinburgh Internal Communications Group: informal meeting
- 12908 words from West Sussex Council: Strategic Planning Committee
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- 9666 words from West Sussex Council: Highways Committee meeting
- 3586 words from West Sussex Council: Highways Committee meeting
- 45257 words from The blind watchmaker. Dawkins, Richard Longman UK 1986 1-109
- 30232 words from Design and society: proceedings of ... an international conference on design policy. Langdon, Richard Cross, Nigel The Design Council UK 1984 51-105
- 35014 words from The divided house. Raymond, Mary F A Thorpe (Publishing) Ltd UK 1985 1-236
- 15608 words from Peter Grimes: Gloriana. Britten, Benjamin John Calder Ltd UK 1983 7-69
- 42324 words from Hamish: the memoirs of Group Captain T.G. Mahaddie DSO ... Mahaddie, Gp Capt T G Ian Allan Ltd London 1989 11-88
- 36452 words from The British polity. Norton, Philip Longman New York 1984 3-101
- 494 words from [Letter concerning control of industrial major accident hazards] u.p.
- 670 words from Against all odds. Greenpeace
- 1027 words from Ecover bio-degradable household cleaning products. Ecover
- 535 words from Why Bob Geldof thinks you should read the New Internationalist. New Internationalist
- 456 words from World peace…. Greenpeace
- 567 words from 1992: aren't you sick of it? Communist party
- 318 words from Thank God someone's making waves. Greenpeace
- 607 words from Do you want to walk in safety in the countryside? u.p.
- 698 words from Your Communist Euro candidate. Communist party
- 390 words from Facing the future. Communist party
- 140 words from The more the Government does, the less you're free to do.. National front
- 257 words from [Fund-raising tandem trek sponsor form] BDAFSA
- 483 words from The London whale walk. Greenpeace
- 434 words from ANC catalogue. African National Congress
- 823 words from [Correspondence concerning property purchase] u.p.
- 39888 words from The acquisition of business assets. Myers, Jonathan Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-99
- 43293 words from Solicitors' partnerships: the law in practice. Bonney, Charles Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 1-116
- 40712 words from Drafting business leases. Lewison, Kim Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-110
- 42936 words from Management buy-outs. Cooke, Darryl J Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-115
- 39912 words from Drafting commercial agreements. Christou, Richard Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-86
- 43074 words from County court practice handbook. Blackford, Robert Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 18-143
- 21893 words from Damages for personal injury and death: Pre-trial considerations. Mantle, PeterKemp, DavidLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-51
- 6950 words from Damages for personal injury and death: Damages on deathSaunt, ThomasKemp, DavidLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 52-68
- 12820 words from Damages for personal injury and death: Damages for non-pecuniary lossKemp, DavidKemp, DavidLongman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 69-100
- 45437 words from Dispute resolution: expert determination. Kendall, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 1-140
- 6962 words from Futures trading law and regulation. Bonham, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-20
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- 42433 words from Child protection law. Feldman, Linda Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 1-129
- 41491 words from Commercial leases: tenants' amendments. Sweet, Robert Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-127
- 43219 words from Media law. Robertson, Geoffrey Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990 1-91
- 41984 words from Moeran's practical conveyancing. Coates, R M Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991 1-119
- 44869 words from Non-resident trusts. Soares, Patrick C Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 1-104
- 43871 words from Restraint of trade and business secrets: law and practice. Mehigan, Simon Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991 1-92
- 43753 words from Drafting standard terms of trading. Bradgate, Robert Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991 1-97
- 44201 words from Sale and supply of goods. Davies, Iwan Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990 1-90
- 45408 words from Takeovers. Stedman, Graham Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993
- 7899 words from Language and Literature Volume 1 No.2 1992. Stockwell, Peter Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 79-98
- 4955 words from Language and Literature Volume 1 No.2 1992. Green, Keith Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992
- 1906 words from Language and Literature Volume 1 No.2 1992. Semino, Elena Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 135-140
- 1290 words from Language and Literature Volume 1 No. 2 1992. Culpeper, Jonathan Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 141-143
- 1584 words from Language and Literature Volume 1 No.2 1992. Bex, Tony Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 143-145
- 1191 words from Language and Literature Volume 1 No.2 1992. Bellard-Thomson, Carol Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 146-147
- 1530 words from Language and Literature Volume 1 No.2 1992. Semino, Elena Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1992 147-150
- 6802 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.1. Nash, Walter Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 19-34
- 5144 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.1 1993. Black, Elizabeth Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 37-47
- 2544 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.1 1993. Barney, Tom Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 49-59
- 1465 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.1 1993. Tzanne, Angeliki Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 63-67
- 1422 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No. 1 1993. Butler, Lance St John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 70-72
- 742 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.1 1993. McRae, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 75-76
- 8777 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. Bennison, Neil Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 79-98
- 7268 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. Blakemore, Diane Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 101-119
- 2950 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. Downes, William Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 121-128
- 1202 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. Wales, Katie Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 137-138
- 565 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. Green, Keith Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 138-139
- 1534 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. Cunico, Sonia Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 141-143
- 1086 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. Semino, Elena Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 146-148
- 1323 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. McCully, Chris Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 148-150
- 1461 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.2 1993. Clark, Billy Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 151-153
- 5032 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.3 1993. Currie, Mark Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 183-195
- 962 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.3 1993. Soyland, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 225-227
- 2301 words from Language and Literature Volume 2 No.3 1993. Wales, Katie Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 227-231
- 6614 words from Language and Literature Volume 1 No.1 1992. Simpson, Paul Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1993 47-65
- 13754 words from Audio Description Action Group: meeting
- 20655 words from Teachers' conference: discussing tutorial programme
- 6767 words from Harlow Record Office - recollections of Harlow: interview
- 11926 words from Life in Harlow: interview by Harlow Study Centre
- 4989 words from Drugs: television discussion
- 6611 words from Bioenergetics: lecture
- 2669 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
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- 5436 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
- 12214 words from Maths tutorial
- 7458 words from University of York Student Union Entertainments Committee meeting
- 5027 words from Nottingham University, Economics Dept
- 4354 words from Nottingham University, Economics Dept
- 10965 words from British Market Research Bureau monthly meeting
- 424 words from Herts County Council: committee meeting
- 400 words from Herts County Council: committee meeting
- 12720 words from Bushey Writing Group: poetry and prose writing
- 14830 words from Lincolnshire County Council: board meeting
- 3967 words from Lincolnshire County Council: board meeting
- 15056 words from Lincolnshire: Board meeting
- 428 words from Lincolnshire: Board meeting
- 17213 words from Leicestershire County Council: council chambers
- PS3WK
- chairman, All participants are work colleagues.
- PS3WL
- Roberts, councillor
- PS3WM
- Ryan, councillor
- PS3WN
- Clements, councillor
- PS3WP
- Parsons, councillor
- PS3WR
- Buxton, councillor
- PS3WS
- Avanby, councillor
- PS3WT
- Pritcher, councillor
- PS3WU
- Radford, councillor
- J9MPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- J9MPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4962 words from MFI interim figures presentation: press announcement
- 16317 words from Charity committee meeting
- 2656 words from Technical meeting
- 11104 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 5, evening session: public county council planning meeting
- PS3XJ
- 50+, mr e barnett, department of the environment adjudicator, Chairperson.
- PS3XK
- 30+, mr r girt, legal representative, for Leeds City Council
- PS3XL
- 45+, mr michael courcier, solicitor
- PS3XM
- 40+, mr peter davies, legal representative, for North Yorkshire County Council
- PS3XN
- 20+, miss fiona firth, solicitor
- PS3XP
- 30+, mr paul brighton, solicitor
- PS3XR
- 60+, mr george whip, legal representative, for Flaxton Parish Council
- PS3XS
- 40+, d whittaker, senior department of the environment inspector
- PS3XT
- 20+, mr christopher timothy, legal representative, for Wood Framton
- J9SPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- J9SPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 21179 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 5, morning session: public county council planning meeting
- PS3Y4
- 50+, mr e barnett, department of the environment adjudicator, Chairperson.
- PS3Y5
- 40+, mr peter davies, solicitor, for North Yorkshire County Council
- PS3Y6
- 40+, d whittaker, senior inspector
- PS3Y7
- 35+, roy donson, legal representative, for House Builders' Federation
- PS3Y8
- 30+, mr malcolm spittle, legal representative, for North Yorkshire County Council
- PS3Y9
- 30+, mr p brighton, solicitor
- PS3YA
- 50+, mr terry heselton, legal representative, for Selby District Council
- PS3YB
- 30+, mr j cunnane, solicitor, representing Sam Smiths Tadcaster Brewery
- PS3YC
- 30+, mr r girt, legal representative, for Leeds City Council
- J9TPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- J9TPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 27340 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 5, afternoon session: public county council planning meeting
- PS3YR
- 50+, mr e barnett, department of the environment adjudicator, Chairperson.
- PS3YS
- 30+, mr mills, legal representative
- PS3YT
- 40+, mr g arrowsmith, solicitor
- PS3YU
- 50+, mr w terry byrne, legal representative, for local Residents' Association
- PS3YV
- 30+, mr d allenby, legal representative, for Harrogate Borough Council
- PS3YW
- 40+, d whittaker, senior department of the environment inspector
- PS3YX
- mr alan williams, legal representative, for North Yorkshire County Council.
- J9UPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- J9UPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 18555 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 7, morning session: public county council planning meeting
- 11923 words from Job interview
- 10944 words from Job interview
- 9163 words from Interview
- 8170 words from Interview
- 10905 words from Interview
- 7994 words from Interview
- 13620 words from Interview
- 9712 words from Southwell Parish Council: meeting of parish council for small town
- 4954 words from Meeting
- 2382 words from French conversation class
- PS41E
- 45, mrs j long, schoolteacher
- PS41F
- 9, Phillip, school pupil
- PS41G
- 9, Kieran, school pupil
- PS41H
- 9, Richard, school pupil
- PS41J
- 9, Christopher, school pupil
- PS41K
- 9, Katrina, school pupil
- PS41L
- 9, Josephone, school pupil
- PS41M
- 9, Stacey, school pupil
- PS41N
- 9, Lee, school pupil
- JA8PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JA8PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 14201 words from Local Government Ombudsman office: planning meeting
- PS41Y
- 30+, Anita, team leader
- PS420
- 26, Graham, assistant administrator
- PS421
- 30+, Rob, team leader
- PS422
- 40+, Richard, team leader
- PS423
- 50+, transport organizer
- PS424
- 50+, David, administrator, Chairing meeting
- PS425
- 40+, Marlene, team leader
- PS426
- 20+, Karen
- JA9PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JA9PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4718 words from Science demonstration lesson
- PS427
- 34, mr h a redfern, schoolteacher
- PS428
- 40+, mrs trinder, schoolteacher, or non-teaching assistant.
- PS429
- 9, Chris, school pupil
- PS42A
- 9, Louise, school pupil
- PS42B
- 9, Jennifer, school pupil
- PS42C
- 9, Phillip, school pupil
- PS42D
- 9, Jody, school pupil
- PS42E
- 9, Alan, school pupil
- PS42F
- 9, Steven, school pupil
- JAAPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JAAPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 2241 words from Classroom history lead session
- PS42V
- 45+, p lynch, schoolteacher
- PS42W
- 9, Kieran, school pupil
- PS42X
- 9, Daisy, school pupil
- PS42Y
- 9, Jennifer, school pupil
- PS430
- 9, Katrina, school pupil
- PS431
- 9, Phillip, school pupil
- PS432
- 9, Adam, school pupil
- PS433
- 51, mr rose, retired music teacher, Making recording.
- JABPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JABPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 10872 words from EIP meeting at Strensall, day 6, morning session: public county council planning meeting
- PS434
- 50+, mr e barnett, department of the environment adjudicator
- PS435
- 50+, mr ken williamson, legal representative, for North Yorkshire County Council
- PS436
- 40+, mr david potter, legal representative, for North Yorkshire County Council
- PS437
- 40+, miss d whittaker, department of the environment senior inspector
- PS438
- 30+, mr david curtis, legal representative, for York City Council
- PS439
- 35+, mr les saunders, legal representative, for Department of the Environment
- PS43A
- 40+, professor david lock, legal representative, for David Lock Associates
- PS43B
- 20+, miss fiona firth, legal representative, for Montague Evans
- PS43C
- 30+, mr dave girt, legal representative, for Leeds City Council
- JACPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JACPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 21571 words from EIP meeting at Strensall, day 6, afternoon session: public county council planning meeting
- PS43K
- 50+, mr e barnett, department of the environment adjudicator
- PS43L
- 30+, mr joe cunnane, legal representative, for J C Cunnane Associates
- PS43M
- 40+, professor david lock, legal representative, for David Lock Associates
- PS43N
- 40+, miss d whittaker, department of the environment senior inspector
- PS43P
- 40+, mr david potter, legal representative, for North Yorkshire County Council
- PS43R
- 50+, mr terry heselton, legal representative, for Selby District Council
- PS43S
- 30+, mr david allenby, legal representative, for Harrogate District Council
- PS43T
- 50+, mr laycock, legal representative, for Harrogate Civic Society
- PS43U
- 40+, mr steel, legal representative, for Richmondshire District Council
- JADPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JADPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5841 words from Interview
- 2865 words from Nottingham University: lecture
- 10748 words from Training session
- 7110 words from Commercial Union: training session
- 10444 words from Hertfordshire County Council: Environment Committee meeting
- 9634 words from Hertfordshire County Council: Environment Committee meeting
- 1066 words from Estate agency: interview
- 19650 words from Wiltshire County Council: committee meeting
- PS45P
- Cole, no further information provided
- PS45R
- no further information provided
- PS45S
- Coleman, no further information provided
- PS45T
- Small, no further information provided
- PS45U
- Chalk, no further information provided
- PS45V
- Pager, no further information provided
- PS45W
- Okinson, no further information provided
- PS45X
- Caplan, no further information provided
- PS45Y
- no further information provided
- JJGPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JJGPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 14880 words from Tarmac Construction Ltd training session
- 70 words from Bristol University: training session
- 15900 words from Student seminar on absolute egalitarianism in China
- 14225 words from Bristol University history department: seminar
- 11476 words from Friends Provident Insurance: training session
- 2968 words from Bacons College: lesson
- PS46V
- lecturer, no further information given
- PS46W
- pupil, no further information given
- PS46X
- Louisa, pupil
- PS46Y
- pupil, no further information given
- PS470
- pupil, no further information given
- PS471
- Tisha, pupil, no further information given
- PS472
- Daniel, pupil
- PS473
- Stuart, pupil, no further information given
- PS474
- Clair, pupil
- JJRPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JJRPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 10280 words from Bacons College: lesson
- 13150 words from Whiteside v
- 12394 words from O'Halloran v
- 11591 words from O'Halloran v
- 6392 words from Hearing
- 4965 words from High Court of Justice: hearing
- 13053 words from Royal Courts: hearing
- 8776 words from Scientific research - the whole truth?: seminar
- 7082 words from The anthem of nations: seminar
- 11004 words from Trinity School: classroom interaction
- 3962 words from Classroom interaction
- 10720 words from Abbey Life introduction course: training
- 9409 words from Abbey Life introduction course: training
- 10347 words from Abbey Life introduction course: training
- PS4B7
- 30, Carol, trainer, Occasional use of viewgraph projections and flip chart in demonstration answers.
- PS4B8
- David, training seesions
- PS4B9
- John, trainee
- PS4BA
- Gerald, trainee
- PS4BB
- Sue, trainee
- PS4BC
- Janet, janet
- PS4BE
- Philip, trainee
- PS4BF
- Ilias, trainee
- JK9PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JK9PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 16742 words from Air UK sales meeting
- 6208 words from Air UK sales meeting
- 1440 words from Northern Development Company: meeting
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- PS4C4
- no further information given
- PS4C5
- Taylor, no further information given
- PS4C6
- Setchfield, no further information given
- PS4C7
- Beale, no further information given
- PS4C8
- Beale, no further information given
- PS4C9
- Joranpucher, no further information given
- PS4CA
- Bury, no further information given
- PS4CB
- Willmott, no further information given
- PS4CC
- Howard, no further information given
- JNBPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JNBPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 13417 words from Training session
- PS4DB
- no further information given
- PS4DC
- Kathy, no further information given
- PS4DD
- Lee, no further information given
- PS4DE
- Marcus, no further information given
- PS4DF
- Greg, no further information given
- PS4DG
- Ian, no further information given
- PS4DH
- Lisa, no further information given
- PS4DJ
- Neil, no further information given
- JNDPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JNDPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11417 words from High Court of Justice: hearing
- 10363 words from Save The Children: meeting
- PS4DW
- Bill, news reporter
- PS4DX
- Mike, chairman
- PS4DY
- Michael, director
- PS4E0
- Caroline, no further information given
- PS4E1
- princess anne, princess
- PS4E2
- Patricia, actress
- PS4E3
- Sally, chair
- PS4E4
- no further information given
- PS4E5
- no further information given
- JNFPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JNFPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 9997 words from Save The Children: meeting
- PS4EG
- Sally, chair
- PS4EH
- Janet, shop manageress
- PS4EJ
- Kathy, area rep
- PS4EK
- Jacquie, shop leader
- PS4EL
- Elise, no further information given
- PS4EM
- Ismar, student, no further information given
- PS4EN
- Nicholas, director general
- PS4EP
- Mike, chair
- PS4ER
- Mark, no further information given
- JNGPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JNGPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5258 words from Annual general meeting
- 5496 words from Annual general meeting
- 13735 words from Annual general meeting
- 8318 words from House of Commons Select Committee for Defence: meeting
- 10846 words from House of Commons Select Committee for Defence: meeting
- 9789 words from House of Commons Select Committee for Social Security: committee meeting
- PS4FF
- chairman, no further information given
- PS4FG
- Ken, no further information given
- PS4FH
- Malcolm, no further information given
- PS4FJ
- John, no further information given
- PS4FK
- Gay, no further information given
- PS4FL
- Ron, no further information given
- PS4FM
- Jim, no further information given
- PS4FN
- Michael, no further information given
- PS4FP
- Jane, no further information given
- JNPPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JNPPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 1663 words from Seminar presentation at conference
- 4789 words from Consultation with solicitor
- 1516 words from Consultation with solicitor
- 1360 words from Consultation with solicitor
- 2582 words from Interview at TEC
- 5497 words from Interview at TEC
- 7155 words from Sales pitch
- 2852 words from Sales pitch
- 13311 words from Meeting
- 5875 words from Meeting
- 595 words from Meeting
- 2445 words from Meeting
- 11233 words from Tutorial lesson
- 3316 words from Tutorial lesson
- 5342 words from Computers lecture
- 13439 words from York Green Party business meeting: local politics
- 2721 words from Training session
- 13678 words from Herts County Council Environment Committee meeting: debate
- 13597 words from Herts County Council Environment committee: debate
- 21019 words from Wiltshire County Council: committee meeting
- 19420 words from Tarmac Construction: training session
- 8096 words from Royal Courts: hearing
- 4619 words from Coopers and Lybrand: seminar
- 3912 words from J
- PS4KJ
- Andrew, no further information given
- PS4KK
- no further information given
- PS4KL
- no further information given
- PS4KM
- no further information given
- PS4KN
- Paula, no further information given
- PS4KP
- Alex, no further information given
- PS4KR
- Tony, no further information given
- JSEPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JSEPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 21854 words from House of Commons debate
- PS4KS
- Betty, speaker of the house of commons
- PS4KT
- Riddock, member of parliament
- PS4KU
- Winnick, member of parliament
- PS4KV
- Mead, member of parliament
- PS4KW
- Gilfore, member of parliament
- PS4KX
- Wilson, member of parliament
- PS4KY
- Banks, member of parliament
- PS4L0
- Cryer, member of parliament
- PS4L1
- Mickey, member of parliament
- JSFPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JSFPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 20131 words from House of Commons debate
- PS4LA
- deputy speaker of the house of commons
- PS4LB
- Spicer, member of parliament
- PS4LC
- Taylor, member of parliament
- PS4LD
- Jenkins, member of parliament
- PS4LE
- Shepherd, member of parliament
- PS4LF
- Taylor, member of parliament
- PS4LG
- Holn, member of parliament
- PS4LH
- Morgan, member of parliament
- PS4LJ
- Betty, speaker of the house of commons
- JSGPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JSGPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12006 words from House of Commons debate
- PS4LP
- Betty, speaker of the house of commons
- PS4LR
- Gillan, member of parliament
- PS4LS
- Jones, member of parliament
- PS4LT
- Heal, member of parliament
- PS4LU
- Lloyd, member of parliament
- PS4LV
- James, member of parliament
- PS4LW
- Palsey, member of parliament
- PS4LX
- Savers, member of parliament
- PS4LY
- Brazier, member of parliament
- JSHPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JSHPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 18218 words from House of Lords: debate
- 17297 words from TNT Express: Team focus training session
- PS4NE
- 58, Peter, trainer
- PS4NF
- 30, Whitwerth
- PS4NG
- 30, Mary, telesales person
- PS4NH
- 30, Mark, sales executive
- PS4NJ
- 30, Jack, sales executive
- PS4NK
- 30, Jane, telesales person
- PS4NL
- 30, Linda, telesales person
- PS4NM
- 30, Dave, telesales person
- PS4NN
- 30, Matt, sales executive
- JSNPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JSNPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6394 words from St Dominic's: training session
- 4743 words from St Dominic's: training session
- 4439 words from St Dominic's: training session
- 10579 words from Lecture on statistics
- 9034 words from Aston University: social science lecture
- 10140 words from Aston University: social science lecture
- 8643 words from John Ruskin Sixth Form College: lecture
- 13203 words from Abbey Life: training session
- 11898 words from John Ruskin Sixth Form College: lecture
- 12143 words from [Local Council meeting]
- 12349 words from [Local Council meeting]
- 1992 words from Meeting at Southwell Racecourse
- 11059 words from Managerial Meeting
- 12094 words from Managerial Meeting
- 11296 words from Managerial Meeting
- 8915 words from Edingley Parish Council meeting
- PS4VA
- 45+, arnold bower, councillor, Chairperson
- PS4VB
- 55+, pat beeyer, secretary
- PS4VC
- 60+, john watts
- PS4VD
- 65+, kevin topham, councillor, Vice chairperson
- PS4VE
- 50+, irene young
- PS4VF
- 30+, dale ross
- PS4VG
- 45+, anne tyler
- PS4VH
- 60+
- PS4VJ
- 50+, derek walker, grant and developments officer
- JTDPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JTDPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 14835 words from Induction of new voluntary workers at Barley Hall
- PS4VP
- 55+, Charles, historical consultant, In charge of Barley Hall project (loosely speaking).
- PS4VR
- 23, Clare, student and volunteer guide
- PS4VS
- Passer-by
- PS4VT
- 34, Mike, volunteer personnel coordinator
- PS4VU
- Linda, shop assistant
- PS4VV
- 60+, Elsie, volunteer guide
- PS4VW
- prospective volunteer
- PS4VX
- prospective volunteer
- PS4VY
- unspecified
- JTEPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JTEPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6496 words from Worsley Liberal Democrats: annual general meeting
- PS4W1
- 55+, mr a. kerry holt, Chairperson
- PS4W2
- 61, mr bob boyd, Secretary
- PS4W3
- 50+, mr peter brown, Treasurer
- PS4W4
- 75+, mr arthur smith, President
- PS4W5
- mr aled owen, Question from audience
- PS4W6
- 50+, Question from audience
- PS4W7
- 70+, mr tom hilton, Membership secretary
- PS4W8
- 50+, Question from audience
- PS4W9
- 60+, John, Question from audience
- JTFPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JTFPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 13379 words from Hertfordshire County Council: meeting
- 36328 words from The BBC BASIC reference manual for the Z88. Mounter, D J M-TEC Computer Services UK 1989 1-8
- 28406 words from Matrimonial conveyancing: a draftsman's handbook. Hartley, William M Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1981 1-125
- 25819 words from Law's empire. Dworkin, Ronald Fontana Press London 1986 114-248
- 34637 words from The microcomputer, the school librarian, and the teacher. Herring, James E Clive Bingley Ltd London 1987 1-118
- 4434 words from Nasser. Woodward, Peter Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1991 1-13
- 44975 words from The radical left in Britain 1931-1941. Jupp, James Frank Cass & Company Ltd London 1982 1-122
- 37350 words from Veterinary parasitology. Urquhart Jennings Armour Dunn Duncan Longman Scientific and Technical Harlow 1988 3-76
- 680 words from New Internationalist [advertising leaflet]. New Internationalist
- 46131 words from Battle for love. Howard, Stephanie Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1991
- 46098 words from Conspiracy of love. Howard, Stephanie Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 54541 words from Castle of desire. Heywood, Sally Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1991
- 50794 words from Destined to love. Taylor, Jennifer Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 48777 words from A dangerous diagnosis. Evans, Jean Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 48853 words from Double fire. Lynch, Mary Lyons, Mary Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 42959 words from False impressions. Keane, Lucy Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1990
- 59555 words from Hearts in hiding. Grey, Alice Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 43179 words from His woman. Steele, Jessica Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1991
- 51388 words from Joy bringer. Wilkinson, Lee Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 47606 words from Love by design. Ash, Rosalie Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1991
- 54057 words from Love or nothing. Fox, Natalie Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 50348 words from Lover's charade. Elliot, Rachel Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 48449 words from One shining summer. Wilder, Quinn Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 58776 words from Roman spring. Marton, Sandra Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 52507 words from The stolen heart. Browning, Amanda Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1992
- 42987 words from Sudden fire. Oldfield, Elizabeth Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 55984 words from Sweet deceiver. Ashe, Jenny Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 47168 words from The spice of life. Anderson, Caroline Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 50800 words from Out of the storm. George, Catherine Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1991
- 51031 words from Ungoverned passion. Holland, Sarah Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 51544 words from Vets in opposition. Bowring, Mary Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 55671 words from West of Bohemia. Steele, Jessica Mills & Boon Richmond, Surrey 1993
- 12110 words from Tarmac Construction Ltd: training session
- 12004 words from TNT training session: seminar
- 18746 words from Aston University psychology department: lecture
- PS6NM
- 31, psychology lecturer
- PS6NN
- 20+, student, talks about gay and lesbian issues
- PS6NP
- 20+, student, talks about work problems
- PS6NR
- 20+, student, talks about the dreams of blind people
- PS6NS
- 20+, student, talks about questionaires
- PS6NT
- 19, student
- JYNPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- JYNPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 39687 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 40762 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 34139 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 42660 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 36712 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 42465 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 37069 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 39494 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 40287 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 39933 words from [Central television news scripts] u.p.
- 41785 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 38995 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 39243 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 41805 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 41523 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 38980 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 39817 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 39397 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 36431 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 40087 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 38969 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 38563 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 39005 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 39689 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 43620 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 40606 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 45760 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 40200 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 40893 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 6789 words from [Central television news scripts] Boileau, John Central TV Abingdon 1993
- 1976 words from Belfast Telegraph: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 7718 words from Belfast Telegraph: Arts section. u.p.
- 2104 words from Belfast Telegraph: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 3333 words from Belfast Telegraph: Business section. u.p.
- 71997 words from Belfast Telegraph: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 5439 words from Belfast Telegraph: News and features. u.p.
- 31785 words from Belfast Telegraph: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 1873 words from Belfast Telegraph: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 1978 words from Belfast Telegraph: Arts section. u.p.
- 397 words from Belfast Telegraph: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 3806 words from Belfast Telegraph: Business section. u.p.
- 18009 words from Belfast Telegraph: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 1643 words from Belfast Telegraph: News and features. u.p.
- 20695 words from Belfast Telegraph: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 2667 words from Belfast Telegraph: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 13763 words from Belfast Telegraph: Arts section. u.p.
- 183 words from Belfast Telegraph: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 9694 words from Belfast Telegraph: Business section. u.p.
- 33874 words from Belfast Telegraph: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 7619 words from Belfast Telegraph: News and features. u.p.
- 34353 words from Belfast Telegraph: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 2453 words from Belfast Telegraph: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 7113 words from Belfast Telegraph: Arts section. u.p.
- 166 words from Belfast Telegraph: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 5542 words from Belfast Telegraph: Business section. u.p.
- 62140 words from Belfast Telegraph: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 507 words from Belfast Telegraph: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 6807 words from Belfast Telegraph: News and features. u.p.
- 37739 words from Belfast Telegraph: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 653 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo] u.p.
- 8232 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 1250 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 6969 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 25658 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 1369 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 36979 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 565 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 5552 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 202 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 7560 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 28382 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 8693 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 34788 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 1373 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 3057 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 2586 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 12951 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 146 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 1798 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 22112 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 987 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 2891 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 4125 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 28588 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 340 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 3795 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 23672 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 520 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 2188 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 1598 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 23676 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 580 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 17941 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 2700 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 6004 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 431 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 11068 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 27237 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 6807 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 21165 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 2083 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 4157 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 11240 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 30638 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 473 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 9756 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 28742 words from Liverpool Daily Post and Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 6333 words from Northern Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 59097 words from Northern Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 1084 words from Northern Echo: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 35935 words from Northern Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 202341 words from Northern Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 1972 words from Northern Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 59982 words from Northern Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 204096 words from Northern Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 2470 words from Northern Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 26999 words from Northern Echo: Arts section. u.p.
- 5773 words from Northern Echo: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 42521 words from Northern Echo: Business section. u.p.
- 166099 words from Northern Echo: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 1011 words from Northern Echo: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 128431 words from Northern Echo: News and features. u.p.
- 169186 words from Northern Echo: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 15435 words from The Scotsman: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 46835 words from The Scotsman: Arts section. u.p.
- 3874 words from The Scotsman: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 111515 words from The Scotsman: Business section. u.p.
- 141863 words from The Scotsman: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 362 words from The Scotsman: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 52665 words from The Scotsman: News and features. u.p.
- 276749 words from The Scotsman: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 7044 words from The Scotsman: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 41819 words from The Scotsman: Arts section. u.p.
- 2258 words from The Scotsman: Religious affairs stories. u.p.
- 116629 words from The Scotsman: Business section. u.p.
- 112635 words from The Scotsman: Leisure pages. u.p.
- 941 words from The Scotsman: Applied Science pages. u.p.
- 45283 words from The Scotsman: News and features. u.p.
- 261314 words from The Scotsman: Foreign news pages. u.p.
- 13015 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 18372 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 6519 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 1654 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 17855 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 1052 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 3094 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 4314 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 9810 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 17017 words from Nucleic acids research. Oxford University Press Oxford 1993
- 17605 words from Appreciation of literature: lecture and discussion
- 11120 words from Walsall Local Studies Centre: interview
- 7745 words from Walsall Local Studies Centre: interview
- 8708 words from Walsall Local Studies Centre: interview
- 4608 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview
- 10900 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview for the Museum of East Anglian Life
- 2967 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: dedication of museum
- 6620 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview
- 8140 words from Suffolk Sound Archive: interview
- 10493 words from On the Record: television broadcast
- PS5BF
- john ?, tv presenter
- PS5BG
- michael heseltine, cabinet minister (conservative)
- PS5BH
- david walter, reporter
- PS5BJ
- david ?, member of parliament (conservative)
- PS5BK
- rhodes ?, member of parliament
- PS5BL
- Anders, swedish transport official
- PS5BM
- bill ?, professor
- PS5BN
- stig ?, director general of swedish railways
- PS5BP
- tim ?, member of parliament (conservative)
- K6APSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- K6APSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6255 words from The Money Programme: television broadcast
- 4764 words from Six O'Clock News: television broadcast
- 4719 words from Six O'Clock News: television broadcast
- PS5DW
- nicholas witchell, newsreader
- PS5DX
- david schuckman, reporter
- PS5DY
- malcolm rifkind, defence secretary
- PS5E0
- David, member of parliament
- PS5E1
- Nicholas, member of parliament
- PS5E2
- john menzies, member of parliament
- PS5E3
- moira stewart, newsreader
- PS5E4
- iain carson, reporter
- PS5E5
- unspecified
- K6DPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- K6DPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4758 words from Six O'Clock News: television broadcast
- 4963 words from Six O'Clock News: television broadcast
- PS5GJ
- anna ford, newsreader
- PS5GK
- john sergeant, reporter
- PS5GL
- robin cook, member of parliament (labour)
- PS5GM
- malcolm (rifkind?), member of parliament
- PS5GN
- tim eggar?, member of parliament
- PS5GP
- Nicholas, member of parliament
- PS5GR
- Jenny, newsreader
- PS5GS
- stephen evans, reporter
- PS5GT
- miner
- K6FPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- K6FPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4696 words from Six O'Clock News: television broadcast
- 4823 words from Six O'Clock News: television broadcast
- PS5KC
- nicholas witchell, newsreader
- PS5KD
- gerry baker, reporter
- PS5KE
- shop manager
- PS5KF
- Derek, company spokesperson
- PS5KG
- Stephen, member of parliament
- PS5KH
- harriet harman, member of parliament
- PS5KJ
- Simon, member of parliament
- PS5KK
- moira stewart, newsreader
- PS5KL
- laurie margolis, reporter
- K6HPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- K6HPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11999 words from Tutorial lesson
- 3883 words from Oral history project: interview
- 7341 words from Oral history project: interview
- 10668 words from Oral history project: interview
- 8094 words from Oral history project: interview
- 6822 words from Orkney Library Sound Archive tape OLSA 123: interview for oral history project
- 6793 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA 303: interview for oral history project
- 4402 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA 303: interview for oral history project
- 5871 words from Orkney Sound Archive tape OSA 305: interview for oral history project
- 8841 words from Gwynedd County Council tape 1: interview for oral history project
- 16457 words from Tarmac Construction Ltd: training session
- 16379 words from Nottingham Constabulary: meeting
- PS5M9
- 47, Storer, no further information given
- PS5MA
- Collishan, no further information given
- PS5MB
- 38, Jeffery, sergeant
- PS5MC
- 38, Mills, sergeant
- PS5MD
- 47, Stone, inspector
- PS5ME
- 48, Williams, inspector
- PS5MF
- 47, Wright, no further information given
- K6WPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- K6WPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 3382 words from Nottingham Constabulary: meeting
- PS5MJ
- 47, Storer, no further information given
- PS5MK
- Collishan, no further information given
- PS5ML
- 38, Jeffery, sergeant
- PS5MM
- 38, Mills, sergeant
- PS5MN
- 47, Stone, inspector
- PS5MP
- 48, Williams, inspector
- PS5MS
- 40, Hadfield, sergeant
- PS5MT
- 47, Smith, sergeant
- K6XPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- K6XPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 15721 words from Friends Provident Insurance: training session
- 13588 words from Friends Provident Insurance: training session
- 11044 words from Friends Provident Insurance: training session
- 14006 words from Royal Courts: hearing
- 12465 words from J
- PS5NT
- trainer, no further information given
- PS5NU
- Kenny, no further information given
- PS5NV
- Heidi, no further information given
- PS5NW
- Ray, no further information given
- PS5NX
- Alex, no further information given
- PS5NY
- Gary, no further information given
- PS5P0
- Ian, no further information given
- PS5P1
- Rachel, no further information given
- PS5P2
- Dee, no further information given
- K74PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- K74PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 9605 words from J
- 9424 words from House of Lords: hearing
- 14009 words from House of Commons: hearing
- PS5PF
- no further information given
- PS5PG
- Ken, no further information given
- PS5PH
- Jimmy, no further information given
- PS5PJ
- David, no further information given
- PS5PK
- Peter, no further information given
- PS5PL
- Clifford, no further information given
- PS5PM
- Jane, no further information given
- PS5PN
- Appleby, no further information given
- PS5PP
- Adams, no further information given
- K77PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- K77PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4311 words from Confederation of British Industries [presentation]
- 4010 words from Oral history project: interview
- 4010 words from Oral history project: interview
- 6168 words from Tutorial lesson
- 7072 words from Oral history project: interview
- 29330 words from Dying to meet you. Gill, B.M. Coronet Books London 1989 73-177
- 39497 words from The green branch. Pargeter, Edith Warner Books London 1987 126-232
- 35741 words from As the crow flies. Archer, Jeffrey Hodder & Stoughton Ltd Sevenoaks, Kent 1991 9-124
- 43677 words from Capitalism since 1945. Harrison, John Glyn, Andrew Armstrong, Philip Blackwell Oxford 1991 115-230
- 38611 words from Coffin in fashion. Butler, Gwendoline Fontana Press London 1990 61-221
- 42940 words from UK financial institutions and markets. Pawlet, Michael Bentley, Patrick Winstone, David Macmillan Press Ltd London 1991 105-261
- 43398 words from Governments, managers and industrial relations. Ferner, Anthony Blackwell Oxford 1988 1-92
- 36021 words from Interpreting data: a first course in statistics Anderson, Alan J. B. Chapman & Hall London 1990 85-215
- 37443 words from Network analysis and practice. Walton, A.K. C.U.P. Cambridge 1987 144-288
- 39176 words from The price of glory: Verdun 1916. Horne, Alistair Penguin Books London 1993 125-226
- 41346 words from An introduction to modern economics. Khan, Badhur Hardwick, Philip Langmead, John Longman Group UK Ltd Harlow 1990 287-405
- 37847 words from English phonetics and phonology. Roach, Peter C.U.P. Cambridge 1983 75-193
- 41924 words from Sales technique and management. Lancaster, G Jobber, D. Pitman Publishing London 1992 63-171
- 42887 words from The house of the red slayer. Harding, Paul Headline Book Publishing plc London 1992 67-224
- 20767 words from Community Care. u.p.
- 324441 words from Liverpool Echo & Daily Post. Griffith, John Liverpool Daily Post & Echo Ltd Liverpool 1993
- 9444 words from [Sainsbury's magazines] u.p.
- 12710 words from JS Journal. J Sainsbury
- 13076 words from JS Journal. J Sainsbury
- 16249 words from Courtaulds News. u.p.
- 16868 words from Courtaulds News. u.p.
- 14844 words from Courtaulds News. u.p.
- 5674 words from Courtaulds News. u.p.
- 5079 words from ICI Chemicals & Polymers: Environmental Issues. u.p.
- 4583 words from ICI Chemicals & Polymers: Environmental Issues. u.p.
- 6194 words from ICI Chemicals & Polymers: Environmental Issues. u.p.
- 22823 words from ICI Innovation. ICI
- 11026 words from Q: The Quality Magazine of ICI Chemicals & Polymers. u.p.
- 9707 words from Q: The Quality Magazine of ICI Chemicals & Polymers. ICI
- 5199 words from What's Cooking. u.p.
- 4019 words from What's Cooking. u.p.
- 4760 words from What's Cooking. u.p.
- 3988 words from CCG People staff newspaper. u.p.
- 13276 words from [British Gas South Western leaflets] u.p.
- 2602 words from National Library of Scotland -- newsletter. u.p.
- 8211 words from National Library of Scotland -- newsletter. u.p.
- 13869 words from Transport. u.p.
- 12311 words from Transport. u.p.
- 13740 words from [Unpublished school essays] u.p.
- 2414 words from [Senior School welcome pack] u.p.
- 2277 words from [School regulations and other papers] u.p.
- 45328 words from [School essays on literature] u.p.
- 8370 words from [Unpublished creative writing] u.p.
- 5209 words from [School essays etc.] u.p.
- 9254 words from Campus. Stirling University
- 8756 words from [Scottish Christian Aid committee documents] u.p.
- 3413 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3594 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3955 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3073 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3762 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3612 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3515 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3628 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3817 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 4173 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 3896 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 4624 words from Medau News. The Medau Society UK 1980-88
- 28132 words from The Medau Society. u.p.
- 4281 words from Will we ever learn. u.p.
- 16414 words from [Personal letters home from an academic visiting China and Brazil] Leech, G [unpublished] 1977,1980
- 4466 words from [Autobiographical notes written for the archives of the British Academy] Leech, Geoffrey u.p.
- 2539 words from [Report to a sponsor on lecture tour of India] u.p. 1976
- 14238 words from Christian Aid. u.p.
- 8788 words from [Personal letters] u.p.
- 3126 words from [Unpublished poems] u.p.
- 3340 words from [Creative writing] u.p.
- 1666 words from [Personal letters] u.p.
- 4370 words from [Schoolchildren's creative writing] u.p.
- 1901 words from [Creative writing -- poems] u.p.
- 29347 words from [Schoolgirls' essays] u.p.
- 42462 words from 19 conversations recorded by `Margaret' (PS002, R 522) between 13 and 16 March 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS002
- 60, Margaret, retired, Lancashire, friend
- PS003
- 50, Ena, farmer's wife, Welsh, neighbour
- PS004
- 25, Philip, farmer's son, neighbour
- PS005
- 40, Ida, shop assistant, Welsh, stranger
- PS006
- 50, Bob, minister, London, visitor
- PS007
- 79, Alan, retired (lecturer and missionary), self
- PS008
- 40, John, moderator, Welsh, colleague
- PS009
- 40, Gethyn, minister, Welsh, colleague
- PS00A
- 60, Noel, minister, Welsh, colleague
- KB0PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KB0PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 39285 words from 17 conversations recorded by `Albert' (PS01A, R 57) between 1 and 6 February 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS01A
- 53, Albert, unemployed, Central Northern England, self
- PS01B
- 47, June, forecourt attendant, Central Northern England, wife
- PS01C
- 70, Ada, retired, Central Northern England, mother-in-law
- PS01D
- 18, Corrinne, student, Central Northern England, daughter
- PS01E
- 39, Colin, unemployed, Central Northern England, brother-in-law
- PS01F
- 38, Karen, housewife, Central Northern England, sister-in-law
- PS01G
- 5, Sasha, student, Central Northern England, niece
- PS01H
- 67, Rose, retired, Central Northern England, aunt-in-law
- PS01J
- 46+, None, shopkeeper, Scottish, stranger
- KB1PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KB1PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 35089 words from 25 conversations recorded by `Alec' (PS01T, R 60) between 31 January and 7 February 1992 with 5 interlocutors
- 10492 words from 8 conversations recorded by `Alison' (PS147, R 72) between 30 January and 4 February 1992 with 4 interlocutors
- 828 words from 1 conversation recorded by `Alan2' (PS1CP, R 17) [dates unknown] with 5 interlocutors
- 5541 words from 11 conversations recorded by `Andrew' (PS028, R 502) on 30 May 1991 with 6 interlocutors
- PS028
- 16, Andrew, student, London, self
- PS0Y5
- 17, Suzanne, student, London, girlfriend
- PS0Y7
- 46, Val, systems analyst, Northern England, mother
- PS0Y8
- 17, John, student, London, friend
- PS0YA
- 18, Sanjay, student, London, friend
- PS0YC
- 18, Jon, student, London, friend
- KB5PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KB5PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12953 words from 8 conversations recorded by `Angela' (PS029, R 13) between 2 and 6 December 1991 with 7 interlocutors
- PS029
- 29, Angela, out work (pt), Central South-west England, self
- PS02A
- 25, Chris, engineer, Central South-west England, husband
- PS02B
- 32, Angela, housewife, London, friend
- PS02C
- 32, Angela, housewife, London, friend
- PS02D
- 28, Zoe, housewife, Central South-west England, friend
- PS02E
- 29, Sue, hairdresser, Central South-west England, friend
- PS02F
- 3, Ben, student (state pre), son
- KB6PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KB6PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 103997 words from 60 conversations recorded by `Ann' (PS02G, R 28) between 28 November and 5 December 1991 with 35 interlocutors
- PS02G
- 46, Ann, team leader, North-east England, self
- PS02H
- 33, Stuart, factory operative, East Anglia, partner
- PS02J
- 45, Brian, paper-man, Northern England, stranger
- PS02K
- 40, Jill, estate agent, East Anglia, stranger
- PS02L
- 63, Jeanie, retired, Scottish, partner's mother
- PS02M
- 40, Sue, care assistant, Scottish, stranger
- PS02N
- 45, Shirley, publican, Midlands, friend
- PS02P
- 50, Alan, Scottish, stranger
- PS02R
- Terry, Scottish, stranger
- PS02S
- 46, Bob, publican, Central Midlands, friend
- PS02T
- 50, Harry, friend
- PS02U
- 60, John, retired (policeman), London, friend
- PS02V
- 23, Martin, marketing person, Northern England, friend
- PS02X
- 22, Helen, housewife, East Anglia, daughter
- PS02Y
- 17, Jonathan, Youth Training Scheme trainee, East Anglia, son
- PS030
- 19, Christian, process worker, colleague
- PS031
- 2, Richard, pre-school, grandson
- PS032
- 1, Anna Marie, pre-school, granddaughter
- PS033
- 26, Bernie, building labourer, son-in-law
- PS036
- 61, Bill, team leader, colleague
- PS037
- 57, Jean, process worker, colleague
- PS038
- 26, Steven, process worker, colleague
- PS039
- 44, Deidre, senior team leader, colleague
- PS03A
- 56, John, process worker, colleague
- PS03B
- 50, Dawn, process worker, colleague
- PS03C
- 27, Tina, team leader, East Anglia, colleague
- PS03D
- 36, Val, Queen's counsel, colleague
- PS03F
- 40, Trevor, process worker, colleague
- PS03H
- 44, Brenda, friend
- PS03J
- 21, Lynda, friend
- PS03K
- 50, Neville, friend
- PS03M
- 25, Maxine, process worker, Northern England, colleague
- PS03N
- 36, Mervin, process worker, East Anglia, colleague
- PS03R
- Grace, ?
- PS6TB
- None, ?
- 78798 words from 34 conversations recorded by `Ann2' (PS14B, R 601) on 3 April 1992 with 37 interlocutors
- PS14B
- 53, Ann, registered childminder, Central Northern England, self
- PS14C
- 57, James, charge nurse, North-east England, husband
- PS14D
- 9, Rebecca, student, North-east England, friend
- PS14E
- 8, Amy, student, North-east England, friend
- PS14F
- 8, Matthew, student, North-east England, friend
- PS14H
- 6, Richard, student, North-east England, friend
- PS14K
- 6, Martin, student, Northern England, friend
- PS14L
- 36, Dorothy, probation officer, Central Midlands, friend
- PS14M
- 2, James, pre-school, North-east England, friend
- PS14N
- 2, Bryony, pre-school, North-east England, friend
- PS14P
- 2, Richard, pre-school, North-east England, friend
- PS14R
- 53, Isabelle, shop assistant, North-east England, neighbour
- PS15B
- 10, Sally, student, North-east England, friend
- PS15C
- 37, Andrea, teacher, North-east England, friend
- PS15D
- 35+, Sid, teacher, North-east England, friend
- PS15G
- 42, Marilyn, secretary, Northern England, friend
- PS15S
- 55, Bill, clerk to town council, North-east England, friend
- PS15U
- 58, Betty, housewife, North-east England, friend
- PS15V
- 27, Paul, unemployed, North-east England, friend
- PS166
- 38, Jackie, clerical officer, North-east England, neighbour
- PS167
- 39, Pat, shop assistant, North-east England, husband's niece
- PS168
- 9, Chris, student, North-east England, husband's great-niece
- PS169
- 86, Margaret, retired, North-east England, mother-in-law
- PS16F
- 7, Erin, student, North-east England, friend
- PS16G
- 32, Kathy, housewife, Northern England, friend
- PS16H
- 6, Martin, student, North-east England, friend
- PS16S
- None, ?
- PS172
- Evelyn, ?
- PS17G
- 30, Maggie, childminder, Northern England, friend
- PS17L
- 70, Arthur, retired, Northern England, neighbour
- PS17M
- 70, Tom, retired, Irish, neighbour
- PS17N
- 35, Rosie, childminder, Northern England, friend
- PS17S
- 60, Alan, baker, North-east England, acquaintance
- PS18D
- 29, Louise, housewife, North-east England, friend
- PS50S
- 35, Jean, housewife, Northern England, acquaintance
- PS6NU
- 24, Alison, housewife, Northern England, neighbour
- KB8PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KB8PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 31762 words from 44 conversations recorded by `Annette' (PS1CX, R 62) between 1 and ?? February 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS1CX
- 44, Annette, administrative assistant, Lancashire, self
- PS1CY
- 19, Teresa, stable hand, Lancashire, daughter
- PS1D0
- 26, David, engineer, Lancashire, son-in-law
- PS1D1
- 24, Tracy, housewife, Lancashire, daughter
- PS1D2
- 71, Donald, retired, Northern England, father
- PS1KS
- 48+, Pat, Lancashire, neighbour
- KB9PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KB9PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5272 words from 17 conversations recorded by `Anthony' (PS1DA, R 11) between 30 November and 4 December 1991 with 8 interlocutors
- KBAPS000
- None, ?
- PS1DA
- 62, Anthony, retired, Central South-west England, self
- PS1DB
- 61, Chris, housewife, Central South-west England, wife
- PS1DC
- 26, Chris, warehouse op, Central South-west England, son
- PS1DD
- 31, Kevin, warehouse op, Central South-west England, son-in-law
- PS1DE
- 20, Dave, warehouse op, Merseyside, friend
- PS1DF
- 30, Achmed, warehouse op, Indian Subcontinent, friend
- PS1DG
- 24, Janet, housewife, Central South-west England, daughter-in-law
- KBAPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBAPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 76309 words from 41 conversations recorded by `Arthur' (PS03S, R 2) between 10 and 13 January 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- PS03S
- 82, Arthur, retired (precision engineer), Central Midlands, self
- PS03T
- 75, Evelyn, retired, Central Midlands, wife
- PS03U
- 54, Tom, draughtsman, London, friend
- PS03V
- 51, Jackie, catering supervisor, Central Midlands, friend
- PS0YX
- 75, Les, retired, Central Midlands, friend
- PS0YY
- 73, Kath, retired, Central Midlands, sister
- PS100
- 73, Vince, retired, North-east England, brother-in-law
- KBBPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBBPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 31337 words from 14 conversations recorded by `Audrey' (PS1A9, R 606) between 2 and 9 April 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS1A9
- 61, Audrey, housewife, Lancashire, self
- PS1AA
- 61, Gordon, teacher, Lancashire, husband
- PS1AB
- 45, Margaret, nurse, Lancashire, friend
- PS1AC
- 50+, Joan, clerk, Central Northern England, acquaintance
- PS1AD
- 29, Kevin, computer engineer, Northern England, son-in-law
- PS1AE
- 31, Carl, pharmacist, Northern England, son
- PS1AF
- None, ?
- PS1AG
- 28, Elaine, housewife, Northern England, daughter
- PS1AH
- 60, Iris, housewife, Lancashire, cousin
- KBCPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBCPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 58087 words from 24 conversations recorded by `Barry' (PS03W, R 66) between 1 and 6 February 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS03W
- 41, Barry, entertainments consultant, Central Northern England, self
- PS03X
- 35, Terri, bar staff, Home Counties, employee
- PS03Y
- 30, Hugh, bar staff, Irish, employee
- PS040
- 38, Alan, security, Lancashire, employee
- PS041
- None, ?
- PS042
- 30, Mark, dj, London, employee
- PS043
- 30, Ken, security, Lancashire, employee
- PS044
- 35, None, housewife, Lancashire, employee's wife
- PS045
- 9, Sergio, student (state primary), Lancashire, son
- KBDPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBDPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 62321 words from 27 conversations recorded by `Betty' (PS04B, R 9) between 28 November and ?? December 1991 with 9 interlocutors
- PS04B
- 57, Betty, housewife, Central South-west England, self
- PS04C
- 76, Googie, housewife, Central South-west England, friend
- PS04D
- 64, Rose, housewife, Central South-west England, friend
- PS04E
- 33, Wendy, housewife, Central South-west England, friend
- PS04F
- 25, Julie, production worker, Central South-west England, friend
- PS04G
- 32, Maggie, shop assistant, Central South-west England, neighbour
- PS04H
- 23, Sally, production worker, Central South-west England, daughter
- PS04J
- 55, David, disabled unemployed, Central South-west England, husband
- PS04K
- 76, Edna, housewife, Central South-west England, friend
- KBEPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBEPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 105262 words from 103 conversations recorded by `Brenda' (PS04U, R 22) between 28 November and 4 December 1991 with 6 interlocutors
- PS04U
- 34, Brenda, housewife, London, self
- PS04V
- 37, Dave, hgv driver, London, husband
- PS04W
- 15, Lee, student (state secondary), London, son
- PS04X
- 11, Carla, student (state primary), London, daughter
- PS04Y
- 62, Jean, housewife, Home Counties, friend
- PS050
- 23, Nigel, plumber, London, plumber
- KBFPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBFPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 28812 words from 10 conversations recorded by `Carl' (PS051, R 104) between 21 and 27 February 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS051
- 34, Carl, teacher, North-east England, self
- PS052
- 33, Susan, teacher (pt), Home Counties, wife
- PS053
- 4, Christopher, pre-school, son
- PS054
- 1, Rebecca, pre-school, daughter
- PS055
- 7, Andrew, student (primary), son
- PS056
- 9, Robert, student (secondary), son
- PS057
- 58, Peter, lorry driver, East Anglia, neighbour
- PS058
- 65, Alan, retired, East Anglia, neighbour
- PS059
- 62, Pat, retired, Home Counties, father-in-law
- KBGPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBGPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 47995 words from 63 conversations recorded by `Carol' (PS05B, R 104) between 30 May and 5 June 1991 with 8 interlocutors
- PS05B
- 36, Carole, administrator (pt), Home Counties, self
- PS05C
- 18, Joelle, au pair, European (French), employee
- PS05D
- 36, Adam, textile agent, Home Counties, husband
- PS05E
- 2, Charlotte, pre-school, daughter
- PS05F
- 30+, Pauline, shop owner, Home Counties, friend
- PS05H
- 60+, Ron, retired, Home Counties, father
- PS05J
- 60+, Pat, retired, Home Counties, mother
- PS05K
- 5, Toby, nephew
- KBHPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBHPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11137 words from 26 conversations recorded by `Carol2' (PS1DP, R 12) between 10 and 17 January 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS1DP
- 44, Carol, courier, Central Midlands, self
- PS1DR
- 11, Emma, student (state secondary), Central Midlands, daughter
- PS1DS
- 47, Chris, area organiser for union, Central Midlands, husband
- PS1DT
- 34, Dave, miner, Central Midlands, friend
- PS1DU
- 26, Ann, hairdresser, Central Midlands, friend
- PS1DV
- 11, Adele, schoolgirl, Central Midlands, daughter's friend
- KBJPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBJPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 53920 words from 228 conversations recorded by `Chris' (PS05X, R 500) between 31 May and 1 June 1991 with 8 interlocutors
- PS05X
- 51, Chris, export merchant, Home Counties, self
- PS101
- 54, Norrine, teacher, London, wife
- PS102
- 44, Lynda, export assistant, London, colleague
- PS103
- 30, Susan, cleaner, London, employee
- PS104
- 30+, Bill, plastics company director, London, neighbour
- PS106
- 60+, Tony, retired, London, neighbour
- PS107
- 45, David, property manager, London, neighbour
- PS108
- 60+, Evelyn, retired, London, stranger
- KBKPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBKPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 27294 words from 40 conversations recorded by `Cherrilyn' (PS06A, R 115) between 21 and 26 February 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS06A
- 43, Cherrilyn, nursing auxiliary, Lower South-west England, self
- PS06B
- 13, Jessica, student (state secondary), Lower South-west England, daughter
- PS06C
- None, ?
- PS06D
- 21, Sophie, student, Lower South-west England, daughter
- PS06E
- 12, Kate, student, Lower South-west England, friend
- PS06F
- 43, Brian, mortgage broker, Lower South-west England, husband
- PS06G
- 33, Fiona, matron of nursing home, Central South-west England, colleague
- PS06H
- 16, Lorraine, care assistant, Home Counties, colleague
- PS06J
- 70, None, Lower South-west England, stranger
- KBLPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBLPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 19723 words from 13 conversations recorded by `Chris2' (PS1BL, R 607) on 2 April 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- PS1BL
- 15, Chris, student, North-west Midlands, self
- PS1BM
- 45, Lynne, bookkeeper, North-west Midlands, mother
- PS1BN
- 16, David, student, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS1BP
- 16, Steven, student, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS1BR
- 15, Simon, student, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS6P6
- 16, Rhiannon, student, North-west Midlands, girlfriend
- PS6P7
- 48, Robert, tax inspector, North-west Midlands, father
- KBMPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBMPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 10609 words from 18 conversations recorded by `Clare' (PS05Y, R 513) between 12 and 15 March 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS05Y
- 15, Clare, student, Welsh, self
- PS060
- 16, Melissa, student, Welsh, friend
- PS061
- 52, William, carpenter, Welsh, father
- PS062
- 9, Kim, student, Welsh, niece
- PS063
- 29, Helen, housewife, Welsh, sister
- PS064
- 50, Marilyn, housewife, Welsh, mother
- KBNPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBNPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 27179 words from 15 conversations recorded by `Clarence' (PS065, R 511) between 13 and 19 March 1992 with 4 interlocutors
- 11864 words from 26 conversations recorded by `Colin' (PS069, R 110) between 20 and 26 February 1991 with 5 interlocutors
- 6972 words from 12 conversations recorded by `Dad' (PS079, R 31) [dates unknown] with 5 interlocutors
- PS079
- 79, Dad, retired, Upper South-west England, self
- PS07A
- 81, Mum, retired, Upper South-west England, wife
- PS07B
- 50, Dorreen, housekeeper, Midlands, housekeeper
- PS07C
- 30, Jane, hairdresser, Midlands, hairdresser
- PS07D
- 8, Adam, student, Midlands, hairdresser's son
- KBSPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBSPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 2910 words from 4 conversations recorded by `Dean' (PS07E, R 58) on 1 February 1992 with 5 interlocutors
- PS07E
- 32, Dean, miner chargehand, Central Northern England, self
- PS07F
- 40, John, unemployed, Central Northern England, friend
- PS07G
- 28, David, unemployed, Central Northern England, friend
- PS07H
- 38, Michael, sales representative, Central Northern England, friend
- PS07J
- 37, Eddie, lorry driver, Central Northern England, friend
- KBTPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBTPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11022 words from 2 conversations recorded by `Denise' (PS18E, R 604) between 6 and 7 April 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- 4916 words from 19 conversations recorded by `Donald' (PS07K, R 1) between 13 and 20 March 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS07K
- 33, Donald, telecommunication technician, North-west Midlands, self
- PS07L
- 32, Karen, housewife, North-east Midlands, wife
- PS07M
- 6, Luke, student, North-east Midlands, son
- PS07N
- 10, Gary, student, North-east Midlands, son
- PS07P
- 1, Marie, pre-school, North-east Midlands, daughter
- KBVPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBVPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 115332 words from 62 conversations recorded by `Dorothy' (PS087, R 3) between 13 and 20 March 1992 with 25 interlocutors
- PS087
- 34, Dorothy, teacher (pt), North-west Midlands, self
- PS088
- 3, Tim, student (private pre), North-east Midlands, son
- PS089
- 5, Christopher, student (state primary), North-east Midlands, son
- PS08A
- 36, Andrew, purchasing manager, North-east Midlands, husband
- PS08B
- 14, Elinor, student, North-east Midlands, babysitter
- PS08C
- 40, Jane, housewife, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS08D
- 38, Diane, housewife, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS08P
- 40, Sue, teacher, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS08S
- 60+, Margaret, retired, North-east Midlands, stranger
- PS08T
- 45, Roger, teacher, friend
- PS08U
- 60, June, teacher, Canadian, acquaintance
- PS08V
- 60, Jean, retired, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS08W
- 40, None, secretary, North-east Midlands, acquaintance
- PS0XJ
- 24, Jane, teacher, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS0XK
- 30, Dawn, housewife, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS0XL
- 30+, Yvonne, housewife, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS0XM
- 30+, Pat, teacher, friend
- PS0XN
- 50, Gwen, teacher/nursery owner, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS0XP
- 40, Lily, nursery assistant, North-east Midlands, acquaintance
- PS0XR
- 70, Marjorie, retired, North-west Midlands, mother
- PS0XS
- 35, Ann, teacher, son's teacher
- PS0XU
- 50, Rosemary, housewife, Home Counties, friend
- PS0XV
- 45, Mary, drawing plans, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS0Y4
- None, teacher, Home Counties, son's teacher
- KBWPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBWPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 28273 words from 11 conversations recorded by `Donald2' (PS1DW, R 43) between 17 and 10 January 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- KBXPS000
- None, North-west Midlands, ?
- KBXPS001
- None, North-west Midlands, ?
- PS1DW
- 56, Donald, taxi driver, North-west Midlands, self
- PS1DX
- 60, Anna, housewife, European (Russian), friend
- PS1DY
- 60, Mary, housewife, European (Russian), friend
- PS1E0
- 50, Barry, North-west Midlands, friend
- KBXPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBXPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6316 words from 11 conversations recorded by `Elizabeth' (PS08X, R 42) between 11 and 17 January 1992 with 5 interlocutors
- PS08X
- 19, Elizabeth, student, North-west Midlands, self
- PS10H
- 18, None, student, North-west Midlands, stranger
- PS10K
- 23, Matthew, manager, North-west Midlands, brother
- PS10L
- 48, Anne, clerk (pt), North-west Midlands, mother
- PS10M
- 53, Mike, computer operator, North-west Midlands, father
- KBYPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KBYPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 45900 words from 14 conversations recorded by `Enid' (PS08Y, R 103) between 21 and 27 February 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS08Y
- 70, Enid, housewife, London, self
- PS090
- 79, Noel, retired (master organ builder), London, husband
- PS091
- 89, Mollie, retired (musician), London, friend
- PS092
- 62, Ann, retired (teacher), friend
- PS093
- 40, John, butcher, East Anglia, friend
- PS094
- 46, Pam, shop assistant, East Anglia, friend
- PS095
- 95, Stanley, retired (farmer), East Anglia, friend
- PS096
- 50, Patsy, computer programmer, friend
- PS097
- 34, Ian, advertising executive, friend
- KC0PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KC0PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 20607 words from 32 conversations recorded by `Frank' (PS09E, R 116) between 21 and 28 February 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS09E
- 50, Frank, tv engineer, Central South-west England, self
- PS09F
- 48, Lyn, housewife, Lower South-west England, wife
- PS09G
- 44, Steve, salesman, London, colleague
- PS09H
- 46, Gerry, tv dealer, Central South-west England, customer
- PS09K
- 60, Rex, tv dealer, Lower South-west England, customer
- PS09L
- 58, Marge, tv dealer, Lower South-west England, customer
- PS09M
- 4, Jonny, pre-school, Lower South-west England, son
- PS09N
- 55, Brian, salesman, London, friend
- KC1PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KC1PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 44626 words from 28 conversations recorded by `Fred' (PS09T, R 504) between 13 and 20 March 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS09T
- 77, Fred, retired, North-east Midlands, self
- PS09U
- 71, Florence, retired, North-east Midlands, wife
- PS09V
- 41, David, painter/decorator, North-east Midlands, son
- PS09W
- 32, Clive, unemployed, North-east Midlands, son-in-law
- PS09X
- 36, Marjorie, housewife, North-east Midlands, daughter
- PS09Y
- 11, Gemma, student, North-east Midlands, granddaughter
- PS0A0
- 37, Steven, office manager, North-east Midlands, son
- PS0A1
- 7, Emily, student, North-east Midlands, granddaughter
- PS0A2
- 39, Sandra, housewife, North-east Midlands, daughter-in-law
- KC2PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KC2PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 36931 words from 15 conversations recorded by `Frederick' (PS0A8, R 11) between 10 and 15 January 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS0A8
- 66, Frederick, retired (social worker), Central Midlands, self
- PS0A9
- 49, Janet, health visitor, Central Midlands, friend
- PS0AA
- 49, Peter, chemist, Home Counties, friend
- PS0AB
- 68, Joan, housewife, Central Midlands, friend
- PS0AC
- 40, Vicki, teacher, South Midlands, friend
- PS0AD
- 15, Heidi, schoolgirl, Central Midlands, friend
- PS0AE
- 40, Yvonne, clerk, Central Midlands, colleague
- PS0AF
- 30, Trish, physiotherapist, Central Midlands, colleague
- PS0AG
- 61, Eileen, cleaner, Irish, colleague
- KC3PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KC3PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 23715 words from 25 conversations recorded by `Fred2' (PS1E4, R 333) between 31 May and 5 June 1991 with 9 interlocutors
- 22248 words from 16 conversations recorded by `Gail' (PS0AJ, R 10) between 2 and 4 December 1991 with 9 interlocutors
- PS0AJ
- 30, Gail, housewife, Central South-west England, self
- PS0AK
- None, ?
- PS0AL
- 28, Alison, housewife, Central South-west England, friend
- PS0AM
- None, ?
- PS0AN
- 7, Natalie, student (state primary), Central South-west England, daughter
- PS0AP
- None, ?
- PS0AR
- None, ?
- PS0AS
- None, ?
- PS0AT
- None, ?
- KC5PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KC5PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 14962 words from 25 conversations recorded by `Gavin' (PS0BA, R 33) between 11 and 17 January 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS0BA
- 25, Gavin, photographer, Merseyside, self
- PS0BB
- 24, Sue, sales assistant, Central Northern England, fiancée
- PS0BC
- 24, Richard, journalist, Midlands, colleague
- PS0BD
- 26, Terry, hairdresser, Central Northern England, friend
- PS0BE
- 24, Lindsey, hairdresser, Central Northern England, friend
- PS0BF
- 23, Saranne, journalist, Midlands, colleague
- PS0BG
- 25, Adrian, journalist, Central Midlands, colleague
- PS0BH
- 25, Steve, journalist, Midlands, colleague
- PS0BJ
- 20, Nick, office junior, Midlands, colleague
- KC6PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KC6PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 15279 words from 7 conversations recorded by `Gill' (PS0BK, R 32) on 15 January 1992 with 5 interlocutors
- 18878 words from 11 conversations recorded by `Gillian' (PS0BY, R 29) between 29 November and 6 December 1991 with 6 interlocutors
- PS0BY
- 32, Gillian, housewife, East Anglia, self
- PS0C1
- 34, Robert, computer programmer, East Anglia, husband
- PS0C4
- None, ?
- PS0C5
- 60, Dennis, retired, London, friend
- PS0C6
- 61, Iris, retired, London, friend
- PS0C7
- 40+, Bonnie, housewife, East Anglia, friend
- KC8PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KC8PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 55039 words from 46 conversations recorded by `Ginny' (PS0CG, R 20) between 28 November and 6 December 1991 with 9 interlocutors
- PS0CG
- 65, Ginny, housewife, North-east Midlands, self
- PS0CH
- 63, Keith, design engineer, London, husband
- PS0CJ
- 25, Dinda, customs controller, Home Counties, daughter
- PS0CK
- 40+, Vicky, shop assistant, London, friend
- PS0CL
- None, ?
- PS0CM
- Jackie, shop assistant, acquaintance
- PS0CN
- 50, Turan, hair salon owner, Turkish, friend
- PS0CP
- None, ?
- PS0CR
- None, ?
- KC9PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KC9PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 21431 words from 22 conversations recorded by `Gordon' (PS0DL, R 24) between 10 and 13 January 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- PS0DL
- 32, Gordon, unemployed, Welsh, self
- PS0DM
- 29, Debbie, housewife, Welsh, wife
- PS0DN
- 29, Hayley, housewife, Welsh, cousin
- PS0DP
- 32, Lyn, housewife, Welsh, friend
- PS0DR
- 56, Tom, factory worker, Welsh, friend
- PS0DT
- 6, Sean, student (state primary), Welsh, son
- PS0DU
- 3, Kirsty, student (state pre), Welsh, daughter
- KCAPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCAPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 15326 words from 13 conversations recorded by `Graeme' (PS0DX, R 122) between 22 and 26 February 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- PS0DX
- 62, Graeme, company secretary, New Zealand, self
- PS0DY
- 58, Ann, housewife, wife
- PS0E2
- 23, Sarah, sales representative, daughter
- PS0E3
- 25, Antony, car salesman, son-in-law
- PS0E4
- 60+, Joyce, housewife, friend
- PS0E5
- 53, Hazel, coffee shop assistant, friend
- PS0E6
- 57, Zara, coffee shop owner, friend
- KCBPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCBPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5311 words from 2 conversations recorded by `Hazel' (PS0F5, R 23) on 11 January 1992 with 2 interlocutors
- 33104 words from 107 conversations recorded by `Helen' (PS0E8, R 501) between 31 May and 1 June 1991 with 7 interlocutors
- PS0E8
- 40, Helen, laboratory technician, Home Counties, self
- PS0E9
- 11, Clare, student (state primary), Home Counties, daughter
- PS0EA
- 7, Amy, student (state primary), Home Counties, daughter
- PS1KL
- None, ?
- PS6ST
- None, ?
- PS6T9
- None, ?
- PS6TA
- None, ?
- KCDPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCDPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 50776 words from 24 conversations recorded by `Helena' (PS0EB, R 2) between 12 and 20 March 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS0EB
- 16, Helena, student, North-east Midlands, self
- PS0EC
- 16, Emma, student, Upper South-west England, friend
- PS0ED
- 41, Sheila, driving instructor, North-east Midlands, mother
- PS0EE
- 17, David, student, North-east Midlands, brother
- PS0EF
- 13, Joanne, student, Upper South-west England, friend
- PS0EG
- 18, Andy, insurance clerk, Upper South-west England, friend
- PS0EH
- 19, Scott, student, Upper South-west England, friend
- PS0EJ
- 18, mark/shrimpy, spring inspector, Upper South-west England, friend
- PS0EK
- 16, Susan, student, Upper South-west England, friend
- KCEPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCEPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 21898 words from 30 conversations recorded by `Herbert' (PS1EM, R 521) between 13 and 19 March 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS1EM
- 56, Herbert, landscape gardener, Welsh, husband
- PS1EN
- 54, Iris, home care assistant, Welsh, self
- PS1EP
- 21, Alison, landscape gardener, Welsh, daughter
- PS1ER
- 22, Stuart, hairdresser, Welsh, daughter's boyfriend
- PS1ES
- 72, Gordon, retired, Welsh, friend
- PS1ET
- 76, Mary, housewife, Welsh, mother
- PS1EU
- 40, Mike, driver, Welsh, friend
- PS1EV
- 80, Sally, retired, Welsh, friend
- PS1EW
- 72, Eddie, retired, Welsh, friend
- KCFPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCFPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 28227 words from 20 conversations recorded by `Jane' (PS19L, R 609) between 2 and 9 April 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS19L
- 33, Jane, housewife, North-west Midlands, self
- PS19M
- 38, John, hgv driver, North-west Midlands, husband
- PS19N
- 7, Stacey, student (state primary), North-west Midlands, daughter
- PS19P
- 41, Chris, barmaid, North-west Midlands, sister-in-law
- PS19R
- 65+, Madge, housewife, North-west Midlands, sister-in-law's mother
- PS19S
- 65+, Margaret, housewife, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS19T
- 65+, Bill, retired, North-west Midlands, sister-in-law's father
- PS19U
- 30, Lynn, housewife, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS19V
- 64, Mary, housewife, North-west Midlands, mother-in-law
- KCGPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCGPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 37385 words from 19 conversations recorded by `Jane2' (PS1BS, R 622) between 4 and 10 April 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- PS1BS
- 40, Jane, optician/student, Humberside, self
- PS1BT
- 46, Phillip, chartered engineer, Humberside, husband
- PS1BU
- 9, Christopher, student (state primary), Humberside, son
- PS1BV
- 6, David, student (state primary), Humberside, son
- PS1BW
- 27, Julie, administrative officer, Central Northern England, babysitter
- PS1BX
- 24, Susan, teacher, Central Northern England, child's teacher
- PS6R1
- 42, Janet, clerk, Central Northern England, colleague
- KCHPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCHPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12719 words from 2 conversations recorded by `James' (PS1C7, R 614) between 3 and 6 April 1992 with 2 interlocutors
- 9080 words from 12 conversations recorded by `Jean' (PS1AT, R 608) between 3 and 10 April 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- 32729 words from 32 conversations recorded by `John' (PS0F8, R 4) between 14 and ?? March 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS0F8
- 53, John, engineer, self
- PS0F9
- 39, Mary, nurse, Irish, wife
- PS0FA
- 18, Brian, apprentice engineer, son
- PS0FB
- 16, Patricia, student, daughter
- PS0FC
- 25, Ded, cashier, West Midlands, daughter
- PS0FD
- 40, Lyn, housewife, West Midlands, friend
- KCLPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCLPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 7154 words from 11 conversations recorded by `Jonathan' (PS0FE, R 22) between 15 and 17 January 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- PS0FE
- 17, Jonathan, care assistant, Welsh, self
- PS11J
- 23, Corale, take-away worker, Welsh, sister
- PS11L
- 7, Becky, student, Welsh, friend
- PS11M
- 25, Philip, inspector, Welsh, brother
- PS11N
- 23, Julie, factory worker, Welsh, sister-in-law
- PS11P
- 3, Rachael, pre-school, Welsh, niece
- PS11R
- 47, Jeff, panel beater, Welsh, father
- KCMPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCMPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 45451 words from 55 conversations recorded by `Josephine' (PS0FF, R 512) between 12 and 20 March 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- PS0FF
- 54, Josephine, housewife, Welsh, self
- PS0FG
- 84, Tina, retired, Welsh, mother
- PS0FH
- 57, Danny, disabled unemployed, Welsh, husband
- PS0FJ
- 32, Susan, housewife, Welsh, daughter
- PS0FK
- 34, Steve, ship's captain, North-east Midlands, son-in-law
- PS0FL
- 25, Mark, assistant manager, Welsh, son
- PS0FM
- 9, Ricky, student, Welsh, grandson
- PS0FN
- 30, Sally, housewife, Welsh, daughter
- KCNPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCNPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 77331 words from 26 conversations recorded by `Joy' (PS0GM, R 501) between 13 and 19 March 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS0GM
- 46, Joy, housewife, South Midlands, self
- PS0GN
- 75, Connie, housewife, Home Counties, mother
- PS0GP
- 79, Norman, retired, Midlands, father
- PS0GR
- 72, John, retired, North-east England, uncle
- PS0GS
- 69, Ivy, retired, Home Counties, aunt
- PS0GT
- 61, Rudy, warehouse manager, West Indian, husband
- PS0GU
- 33, Wendy, housewife, Midlands, sister
- PS0GV
- 36, Penny, clerk, Midlands, sister
- PS0GW
- 29, Tracey, housewife, Midlands, daughter
- KCPPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCPPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 3696 words from 2 conversations recorded by `Joyce' (PS1CA, R 624) on 4 April 1992 with 4 interlocutors
- PS1CA
- 43, Malcolm, retired (police officer), Central Northern England, self
- PS1CB
- 43, Doreen, housewife, Central Northern England, sister-in-law
- PS1CC
- 41, Judy, clerk, Central Northern England, wife
- PS1CD
- 16, Joanne, student, Central Northern England, daughter
- KCRPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCRPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 23532 words from 15 conversations recorded by `John2' (PS1F1, R 63) between 30 January and 6 February 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- KCSPS000
- None, ?
- KCSPS001
- None, ?
- KCSPS002
- None, ?
- PS1F1
- 68, John, retired (textile worker), Central Northern England, self
- PS1F2
- 65, Joan, retired, Central Northern England, wife
- PS1F3
- 63, Ken, retired, Lancashire, neighbour
- PS1F4
- 65, Sid, retired, Lancashire, neighbour
- KCSPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCSPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 97005 words from 29 conversations recorded by `June' (PS0FP, R 30) between 29 November and 5 December 1991 with 17 interlocutors
- PS0FP
- 40, June, dinner lady (pt), East Anglia, self
- PS0FR
- 10, Jonathan, student (state primary), East Anglia, son
- PS0FS
- 40, Geoffrey, chargehand, East Anglia, husband
- PS0FU
- 30, Wendy, housewife, East Anglia, friend
- PS0FX
- 40, Susan, dental nurse, East Anglia, sister
- PS0G0
- 76, A., retired, East Anglia, mother-in-law
- PS0G1
- 78, L., retired, East Anglia, father-in-law
- PS0G2
- 70, Kathleen, retired, London, mother
- PS0G3
- 67, Robert, retired, London, father
- PS0G4
- 50, Brian, plumber, London, neighbour
- PS0G5
- 47, Val, housewife, East Anglia, sister-in-law
- PS0G7
- 23, Sarah, hairdresser, East Anglia, niece
- PS0G8
- 44, Val, shopkeeper, London, stranger
- PS0G9
- 43, Katt, unemployed, London, friend
- PS0GA
- 47, Sue, housewife, East Anglia, friend
- PS0GE
- 10, Ashley, student, East Anglia, son's friend
- KCTPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCTPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 49751 words from 9 conversations recorded by `Julie' (PS0GF, R 114) between 20 and 22 February 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS0GF
- 24, Julie, housewife, Lower South-west England, self
- PS0GG
- 25, Gary, storesperson, Lower South-west England, husband
- PS0GH
- 2, Vicki, pre-school, Lower South-west England, daughter
- PS0GJ
- 20, Shelly, housewife, Lower South-west England, cousin-in-law's wife
- PS0GK
- 25, Phil, cold store worker, Lower South-west England, cousin-in-law
- PS0GL
- 4, Sammy, pre-school, Lower South-west England, cousin-in-law's son
- KCUPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCUPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 32714 words from 50 conversations recorded by `Katherine' (PS0H7, R 444) between 2 and 5 June 1991 with 3 interlocutors
- 23839 words from 19 conversations recorded by `Kathleen' (PS0H8, R 14) between 15 and 17 January 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS0H8
- 15, Kathleen, student (state secondary), Central Midlands, self
- PS127
- 44, Christine, teacher, Northern England, mother
- PS128
- 13, Mary, student (state secondary), Central Midlands, sister
- PS129
- 11, Susan, student (state secondary), Central Midlands, sister
- PS12A
- 37, Jackie, dinner-lady, Central Midlands, sister's friend's mother
- PS12B
- 11, Claire, student, Central Midlands, sister's friend
- PS12C
- 14, Lorna, student, Central South-west England, friend
- PS12D
- 14, Helen, student, Central South-west England, friend
- PS12E
- 15, Amanda, student, Midlands, friend
- KCWPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCWPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 60332 words from 25 conversations recorded by `Kathleen2' (PS1FC, R 59) between 30 January and 7 February 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS1FC
- 37, Kathleen, crossing warden, Central Northern England, self
- PS1FD
- 54, Flo, youth worker, North-east England, friend
- PS1FE
- 42, Maggie, housewife, London, friend
- PS1FF
- 40+, None, taxi driver, Central Northern England, stranger
- PS1FG
- 40+, Alice, smallholder, Central Northern England, friend
- PS1FH
- 39, Steve, electrician, Central Northern England, husband
- PS1FJ
- 2, Krista, pre-school, Central Northern England, friend's granddaughter
- PS1FK
- 30+, Enid, Central Northern England, colleague
- KCXPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCXPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 24051 words from 11 conversations recorded by `Keith' (PS0H9, R 13) between 10 and 15 January 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS0H9
- 36, Keith, telecommunication engineer, Central Midlands, self
- PS0HA
- 33, Richard, telecommunication engineer, Central Midlands, colleague
- PS0HB
- 34, Russell, bakery worker, Central Midlands, friend
- PS0HC
- 35, Michael, engineer, Central Midlands, friend
- PS0HD
- 42, Kathleen, nurse, Central Midlands, sister
- PS0HE
- 42, Terence, engineer, Central Midlands, brother-in-law
- PS0HF
- 72, Joseph, retired, Central Midlands, father
- PS0HG
- 74, Eileen, housewife, Central Midlands, mother
- PS0HH
- 45, Dave, engineer, North-east Midlands, colleague
- KCYPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KCYPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 77692 words from 106 conversations recorded by `Kevin' (PS0HM, R 26) between 29 November and 5 December 1991 with 14 interlocutors
- PS0HM
- 41, Kevin, draughtsman, London, self
- PS0HN
- 12, Paul, student (state secondary), London, son
- PS0HP
- 40, Ruth, teacher, wife
- PS0HR
- 29, Michelle, local government officer, European (French), sister-in-law
- PS0HS
- 74, Eric, retired, London, father
- PS0HT
- 40, Adrian, salesman, London, brother-in-law
- PS0HU
- 41, Karen, secretary, London, sister
- PS0HV
- 33, Andrew, local government officer, London, brother
- PS0HW
- 13, Lisa, student, London, niece
- PS0HX
- 70+, babs (aka mutty), retired, Lower South-west England, brother-in-law's mother
- PS0HY
- 70+, Joy, retired, London, mother
- PS0J0
- 15, Michael, student, London, nephew
- PS1KN
- None, ?
- KD0PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD0PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 40487 words from 14 conversations recorded by `Larna' (PS0JA, R 107) between 20 and 24 February 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- PS0JA
- 25, Larna, housewife, self
- PS0JB
- 4, Charlotte, student (state pre), daughter
- PS0JC
- 29, Pauline, housewife, sister-in-law
- PS0JD
- Vicky, ?
- PS0JE
- 25, Alex, secretary, friend
- PS0JF
- 3, Anthony, pre-school, son
- PS0JG
- 45, David, lorry driver, stepfather
- PS0JH
- 3, Aaron, nephew
- KD1PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD1PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 19822 words from 22 conversations recorded by `Linda' (PS0J1, R 61) between 30 January and 2 February 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS0J1
- 20, Linda, trainee typist, Central Northern England, self
- PS0J2
- 60+, Alice, retired, Central Northern England, neighbour
- PS0J3
- 45, Dave, disabled unemployed, Central Northern England, father
- PS0J4
- 51, Ivy, housewife, Central Northern England, mother
- PS0J5
- 21, David, plasterer, Central Northern England, brother
- PS0J6
- 25, Brian, plasterer, Central Northern England, brother
- PS0J7
- 23, Tracey, trainee typist, Central Northern England, sister
- PS0J8
- 50, Peter, salesman, Central Northern England, acquaintance
- PS0J9
- 45, Margaret, shop assistant, Central Northern England, acquaintance
- KD2PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD2PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 33516 words from 40 conversations recorded by `Lisa' (PS0JJ, R 502) between 12 and 20 March 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- PS0JJ
- 30, Lisa, housewife, South Midlands, self
- PS0JK
- 0, Peter, pre-school, son
- PS0JL
- 29, Melvin, self-employed panel beater, husband
- PS0JP
- 27, Diane, housewife, South Midlands, sister-in-law
- PS0JR
- 52, Anne, maggot farm manager, South Midlands, aunt
- PS0JS
- 27, Cheryl, housewife, neighbour
- PS0JT
- 2, Ben, pre-school, neighbour's son
- KD3PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD3PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 7068 words from 7 conversations recorded by `Margaret' (PS0JW, R 1) between 13 and 14 January 1992 with 5 interlocutors
- PS0JW
- 34, Margaret, teacher (pt), Midlands, self
- PS138
- 40+, Sheila, teacher, Midlands, colleague
- PS13A
- 5, Ben, student (state primary), Midlands, son
- PS13B
- 3, Katie, student (state pre), Midlands, daughter
- PS13C
- 35, Adrian, environmental health officer, Midlands, husband
- KD4PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD4PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 54036 words from 55 conversations recorded by `Mark' (PS0JX, R 105) between [date unknown] and 26 February 1992 with 25 interlocutors
- PS0JX
- 27, Mark, technician, self
- PS0JY
- 27, Sue, nurse, wife
- PS0K0
- 60, Dad, retired, father
- PS0K1
- 50, Mum, nurse, European (Dutch), mother
- PS0K2
- 29, Isobel, secretary, sister
- PS0K3
- 60+, Derek, father-in-law
- PS0K4
- 60+, Pauline, mother-in-law
- PS0K5
- 30, Spencer, manager, brother
- PS0K6
- 30, Sally, teacher, sister-in-law
- PS0K7
- 28, Norman, technician, colleague
- PS0K8
- 26, Bedge, engineer, colleague
- PS0K9
- 30+, Yun, technician, Chinese, colleague
- PS0KA
- 30+, Ian, engineer, colleague
- PS0KB
- 20+, Justin, technician, colleague
- PS0KC
- 30+, John, technician, colleague
- PS0KD
- 20+, Paul, technician, colleague
- PS0KE
- 28, Carol, clerk, colleague
- PS0KF
- 25, Dave, technician, colleague
- PS0KG
- 40+, Daphney, secretary, colleague
- PS0KH
- 40+, Collin, engineer, colleague
- PS0KJ
- 20+, Andy, engineer, Scottish, colleague
- PS0KK
- 40+, Frank, manager, European (German), colleague
- PS0KL
- 30+, Paul, technician, colleague
- PS0KM
- 40+, George, engineer, colleague
- KD5PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD5PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 39227 words from 19 conversations recorded by `Martin' (PS0KN, R 4) between 11 and 16 January 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- PS0KN
- 17, Martin, student, Midlands, self
- PS13K
- 37, Lynn, nurse (pt), Midlands, mother
- PS13L
- 3, Robert, student (state pre), Midlands, brother
- PS13M
- 40, Dave, unemployed, Central South-west England, step-father
- PS13N
- 13, Geoff, student (state secondary), Midlands, brother
- PS13P
- 17, Rich, student, Midlands, friend
- PS13R
- 19, Scott, mechanic, Midlands, friend
- PS13S
- 20, Sarah, clerk, Midlands, friend
- KD6PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD6PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 19206 words from 24 conversations recorded by `Matt' (PS0KP, R 109) between 20 February and ?? March 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS0KP
- 35, Matt, financial advisor, Scottish, self
- PS0KR
- 35, Jan, building society branch assistant, wife
- PS0KS
- 13, Matthew, student (state secondary), son
- PS0KT
- 10, Laura, student (state primary), daughter
- PS0KU
- 7, Christopher, student (state primary), son
- PS0KV
- Christopher, ?
- KD7PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD7PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 76445 words from 31 conversations recorded by `Martine' (PS0LK, R 524) between 12 and 20 March 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS0LK
- 25, Martine, senior technician, Welsh, self
- PS0LL
- 28, Mike, construction worker, Welsh, husband
- PS0LM
- 55, Merielle, housewife, Welsh, mother
- PS0LN
- 45, None, pub landlord, Home Counties, stranger
- PS0LP
- 58, Harold, engineer, Welsh, father
- PS0LR
- 76, Nora, housewife, Welsh, grandmother-in-law
- PS0LS
- 45, Will, civil engineer, Merseyside, colleague
- PS0LT
- 40, Michael, technical director, Home Counties, colleague
- PS0LU
- 27, Jim, technician, Home Counties, colleague
- KD8PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KD8PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12902 words from 17 conversations recorded by `Mark2' (PS1G2, R 801) between [date unknown] and ?? April 1992 with 13 interlocutors
- PS1G2
- 17, Mark, unemployed, Irish, self
- PS1G3
- 36, Kerry, housewife, Irish, mother
- PS1G4
- 10, Angela, student (state primary), Irish, sister
- PS1G5
- 12, Michael, student (state secondary), Irish, brother
- PS1G6
- 16, Albert, barman, Irish, friend
- PS1G7
- 19, Robert, ship yard employee, Irish, friend
- PS1G8
- 17, Leigh, postman, Irish, friend
- PS1G9
- 15, Debbie, student, Irish, friend
- PS1GA
- 16, Anne, student, Irish, friend
- PS1GB
- 37, Jonston, Irish, ?
- PS1GC
- 21, Ormo, Irish, ?
- PS1GD
- 19, Julianne, Irish, ?
- PS6TK
- None, ?
- 71717 words from 132 conversations recorded by `Mark3' (PS1GE, R 19) between 29 November and ?? December 1991 with 11 interlocutors
- PS1GE
- 25, Mark, aircraft engineer, Home Counties, self
- PS1GF
- 22, Stuart, aircraft engineer, Home Counties, colleague
- PS1GG
- 21, Mick, aircraft engineer, Home Counties, colleague
- PS1GH
- 21, Chris, aircraft engineer, Home Counties, colleague
- PS1GJ
- 24, Karl, aircraft engineer, Welsh, colleague
- PS1GK
- 26, Nigel, aircraft engineer, Home Counties, colleague
- PS1GL
- 17, Graham, trainee aircraft engineer, Home Counties, colleague
- PS1GM
- 42, Barry, leading hand aircraft engineer, Home Counties, colleague
- PS1GN
- 32, Mick, sweeper, Home Counties, colleague
- PS1GP
- 21, Damian, aircraft engineer, Home Counties, colleague
- KDAPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDAPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 16597 words from 27 conversations recorded by `Mikila' (PS0KY, R 21) on 28 November 1991 with 10 interlocutors
- PS0KY
- 17, Mikila, student, Home Counties, self
- PS0L0
- None, ?
- PS0L1
- None, ?
- PS0L2
- None, ?
- PS0L3
- None, ?
- PS0L4
- None, ?
- PS0L5
- 17, Kathryn, student, Home Counties, friend
- PS0L6
- 17, Tabitha, student, Home Counties, friend
- PS0L7
- 17, Maggi, student, Home Counties, friend
- KDBPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDBPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 1062 words from 5 conversations recorded by `Michael' (PS19Y, R 64) on 3 February 1992 with 3 interlocutors
- 2206 words from 13 conversations recorded by `Murray' (PS0KW, R 121) on 21 February 1992 with 1 interlocutor
- 24488 words from 110 conversations recorded by `Nicola' (PS0M4, R 503) between 3 and 5 June 1991 with 5 interlocutors
- 1359 words from 8 conversations recorded by `Pamela' (PS0M6, R 65) between 31 January and 4 February 1992 with 4 interlocutors
- 12125 words from 18 conversations recorded by `Patricia' (PS0MA, R 800) between 14 and 16 April 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- 8207 words from 13 conversations recorded by `Paul' (PS0MX, R 807) between 10 and 16 April 1992 with 5 interlocutors
- 16234 words from 6 conversations recorded by `Pauline' (PS0N3, R 117) between 21 and 24 February 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- PS0N3
- 26, Pauline, unemployed, North-east England, self
- PS0N4
- 53, Bob, sales assistant, Scottish, friend
- PS0N5
- 26, Tracey, telephonist, Scottish, friend
- PS0N6
- 2, David, pre-school, friend
- PS0N7
- 55, Kathy, canvasser, South Midlands, friend
- PS0N8
- 24, Kay, canvasser, North-east Midlands, friend
- PS0N9
- 55, Bill, canvasser, Southern (?), friend
- PS0NA
- Michelle, North-east Midlands, ?
- KDJPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDJPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 3462 words from 18 conversations recorded by `Paul2' (PS1H4, R 25) between 29 November and 5 December 1991 with 8 interlocutors
- KDKPS000
- None, ?
- PS1H4
- 34, Paul, aircraft dispatcher, London, self
- PS1H5
- 8, Sarah, student (state primary), London, daughter
- PS1H6
- 6, Lisa, student (state primary), London, daughter
- PS1H7
- 10, Caroline, student (state primary), London, daughter
- PS1H8
- 34, Pam, aircraft dispatcher, Scottish, colleague
- PS1H9
- 32, Ursula, aircraft dispatcher, London, colleague
- PS1HA
- 32, Sue, aircraft dispatcher, London, colleague
- KDKPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDKPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 8658 words from 30 conversations recorded by `Rachel' (PS0NX, R 23) between 30 November and 5 December 1991 with 7 interlocutors
- PS0NX
- 16, Rachel, student (private secondary), London, self
- PS0NY
- 65, Barbara, retired, Upper South-west England, grandmother
- PS0P0
- 44, Jenny, doctor, Upper South-west England, mother
- PS0P1
- None, stranger
- PS0P3
- 48, None, shop assistant, London, stranger
- PS0P4
- 35, None, shop assistant, London, stranger
- KDLPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDLPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 108739 words from 103 conversations recorded by `Raymond' (PS0PN, R 523) between 13 and 19 March 1992 with 46 interlocutors
- PS0PN
- 57, Raymond, retired, North-west Midlands, self
- PS0PP
- 55, Margaret, retired, London, wife
- PS0PR
- 61, Brian, technician, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0PS
- 50, Shirley, housewife, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0PT
- 50, Brian, photographer, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0PU
- 54, Eric, retired, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0PV
- 45, Chris, housewife, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0PW
- 46, John, driver, Merseyside, colleague
- PS0PX
- 70, Paula, housewife, London, colleague
- PS0PY
- 66, Gwyneth, housewife, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0R0
- 35, Bruce, technician, Merseyside, colleague
- PS0R1
- 57, Joan, tutor, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0R2
- 31, Joanna, upholsterer, Home Counties, colleague
- PS0R3
- 54, Arthur, driver, Merseyside, colleague
- PS0R4
- 36, Paul, policeman, North-west Midlands, son
- PS0R5
- 27, Cathy, laboratory technician, North-west Midlands, daughter-in-law
- PS0R6
- 11, Nik, boys brigade, Welsh, stranger
- PS0R7
- 60, Dorothy, machinist, Welsh, colleague
- PS0R8
- 6, Laura, student, North-west Midlands, granddaughter
- PS0R9
- 5, Scott, student, North-west Midlands, grandson
- PS0RA
- 8, Emily, student, North-west Midlands, granddaughter
- PS0RB
- 31, Carrie, housewife, North-west Midlands, daughter
- PS0RC
- 61, Ken, retired, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS0RD
- 61, Norman, joiner, North-west Midlands, neighbour
- PS0RE
- 37, Molly, housewife, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0RF
- 60, John, schoolmaster, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0RG
- 45, George, tutor, Central Midlands, colleague
- PS0RH
- 43, Nanette, housewife, European (Dutch), colleague
- PS0RJ
- 37, Victoria, housewife, United States, colleague
- PS0RK
- 61, Arthur, storeman, South Midlands, friend
- PS0RL
- 40, Glyn, auction worker, Welsh, colleague
- PS0RM
- 63, Hughes, chemist, Central Midlands, stranger
- PS0RN
- 27, Hayley, chemist, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS0RP
- 62, Hilary, housewife, North-west Midlands, neighbour
- PS0RR
- 42, Phyllis, secretary, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS0RS
- 22, Louise, typist, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS0RT
- 61, Tim, dentist, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0RU
- 62, Ted, retired, Merseyside, colleague
- PS0RV
- 57, Pat, housewife, London, colleague
- PS0RW
- 48, Mike, restorer, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0RX
- 27, Tony, remover, Merseyside, colleague
- PS0RY
- 64, Alice, housewife, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0S0
- 45, Brian, salesman, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS0S1
- 61, Mary, housewife, North-west Midlands, colleague
- PS0S2
- 42, Teresa, housewife, North-west Midlands, colleague
- KDMPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDMPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 43638 words from 90 conversations recorded by `Raymond2' (PS1HH, R 802) between 15 and 17 April 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS1HH
- 53, Raymond, unemployed, Irish, self
- PS1HJ
- 45, Jean, housewife, Irish, wife
- PS1HK
- 3, Kylie, pre-school, Irish, neighbour
- PS1HL
- 34, Paul, window cleaner, Irish, neighbour
- PS1HM
- 43, Mary, shop assistant, Irish, stranger
- PS1HN
- 10, Kelly Ann, student, Irish, niece
- PS1HP
- 11, Stephen, student, Irish, nephew
- PS1HR
- 39, John, painter, Irish, brother-in-law
- PS1HS
- 20, Raymond, painter, Irish, son
- KDNPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDNPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 17061 words from 70 conversations recorded by `Richard' (PS0NB, R 3) between 17 and 18 May 1991 with 9 interlocutors
- 13827 words from 4 conversations recorded by `Richard3' (PS1K9, R 603) between 2 and 9 April 1992 with 2 interlocutors
- 14407 words from 14 conversations recorded by `Rosemary' (PS0NR, R 808) between 14 and 16 April 1991 with 6 interlocutors
- PS0NR
- 81, Rosemary, retired, London, self
- PS0NS
- 40+, Eileen, retired, Irish, friend
- PS0NT
- 42, Joan, Lower South-west England, daughter
- PS0NU
- 68, John, retired (building trade foreman), Irish, husband
- PS0NV
- 13, John, student, Irish, grandson
- PS0NW
- 47, Anne, Irish, friend
- KDSPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDSPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 3098 words from 3 conversations recorded by `Robert' (PS1CE, R 808) between 2 and 6 April 1992 with 4 interlocutors
- 8038 words from 18 conversations recorded by `Sam' (PS0S3, R 803) between 15 and 21 April 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- PS0S3
- 58, Sam, company director, Irish, self
- PS0S4
- 56, George, clerk, Irish, brother-in-law
- PS0S5
- 60, Betty, Irish, sister-in-law
- PS0S6
- 51, Diana, housewife, Irish, wife
- PS0S8
- 26, Shirley, bank official, Irish, daughter
- PS0S9
- 61, Bill, retired, Irish, friend
- PS0SA
- 55, Margaret, typist (pt), Irish, friend
- KDUPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDUPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 27333 words from 20 conversations recorded by `Sandra' (PS0SB, R 3) between 10 and 17 January 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS0SB
- 38, Sandra, ancillary nurse, Central Midlands, self
- PS0SC
- 9, Kyle, student (state primary), Central Midlands, son
- PS0SD
- 55, Margaret, ancillary nurse, Central Midlands, colleague
- PS0SE
- 10+, Penny, student, Central Midlands, stranger
- PS0SF
- 50+, R., headmistress, Central Midlands, boss
- PS0SG
- 44, Tony, engineer, Central Midlands, husband
- PS0SH
- 19, Deanne, student, Central Midlands, daughter
- PS0SJ
- 55, Pat, wages clerk, Central Midlands, mother
- PS0SK
- 67, Wally, driver, Central Midlands, father
- KDVPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDVPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 58393 words from 27 conversations recorded by `Sandra2' (PS1C1, R 41) between 9 and 16 January 1992 with 25 interlocutors
- PS1C1
- 41, Sandra, student, Lancashire, self
- PS1C2
- 58, June, housewife, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS1C3
- 62, Mary, housewife, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS1C4
- 53, Pat, housewife, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS1C5
- 60, Louis, housewife, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS1C6
- 43, Marg, housewife, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS1J2
- None, ?
- PS1J3
- None, ?
- PS1J4
- None, ?
- PS1J5
- None, ?
- PS1J6
- None, ?
- PS1J7
- None, ?
- PS1J8
- None, ?
- PS1J9
- None, ?
- PS1JA
- None, ?
- PS1JC
- None, ?
- PS1JD
- None, ?
- PS1JE
- None, ?
- PS1JG
- 7, Alex, student, North-west Midlands, friend's son
- PS1JH
- 9, Simon, student, North-west Midlands, friend's son
- PS1JJ
- 40, Garry, teacher, North-west Midlands, friend
- PS1JK
- None, ?
- PS1JN
- None, ?
- PS1JP
- None, ?
- PS6TL
- None, ?
- 6335 words from 8 conversations recorded by `Sharon' (PS1CH, R 613) on 2 April 1992 with 14 interlocutors
- PS1CH
- 18, Sharon, sales assistant, North-east England, self
- PS1CJ
- 45, Elsa, housewife, North-east England, mother
- PS1CK
- 22, John, butcher and baker, North-east England, brother
- PS1CL
- 49, Tommy, unemployed, North-east England, father
- PS1CM
- 30, Jimmy, electrician, North-east England, friend
- PS593
- 21, Darren, machinist, North-east England, boyfriend
- PS594
- 19, John, warehouseman, North-east England, colleague
- PS595
- 16, Gary, security guard, North-east England, colleague
- PS596
- Bridget, unemployed, Northern England, boyfriend's mother
- PS597
- Alan, unemployed, Northern England, boyfriend's father
- PS598
- Margaret, sales assistant, North-east England, colleague
- PS599
- Pat, sales assistant, North-east England, colleague
- PS59A
- Gary, sales rep, North-east England, colleague
- PS6TN
- None, ?
- 13318 words from 18 conversations recorded by `Sidney' (PS0SV, R 101) [dates unknown] with 8 interlocutors
- PS0SV
- 66, Sidney, retired, London, self
- PS140
- Ethel, London, ?
- PS141
- 67, Sheila, housewife, London, wife
- PS142
- Ralph, London, ?
- PS143
- Edith, London, ?
- PS144
- David, shop assistant, London, friend
- PS145
- Irene, shop assistant, London, friend
- PS146
- Elvia, shop assistant, London, friend
- KDYPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KDYPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 26574 words from 17 conversations recorded by `Simmone' (PS0SW, R 119) between 20 and 27 February 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- 19903 words from 26 conversations recorded by `Stephen' (PS0TU, R 806) between 10 and 16 April 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- 77961 words from 153 conversations recorded by `Terence' (PS0W2, R 113) between 20 and 27 February 1992 with 10 interlocutors
- PS0W2
- 70, Terence, retired (headteacher), East Anglia, self
- PS0W3
- 44, Richard, fireman, Lower South-west England, son
- PS0W4
- 70, Margaret, retired, Irish, wife
- PS0W5
- 13, Lucy, student, Lower South-west England, friend
- PS0W6
- 13, Holly, student, Lower South-west England, friend
- PS0W7
- 13, Adrian, student, Lower South-west England, friend
- PS0W8
- 13, Danielle, student, Lower South-west England, friend
- PS0W9
- 40, Christine, housewife, Lower South-west England, friend
- PS0WA
- 50, Mima, housewife, Lower South-west England, friend
- KE2PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KE2PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 62395 words from 150 conversations recorded by `Tony' (PS0V4, R 12) between 28 November and 5 December 1991 with 9 interlocutors
- PS0V4
- 37, Tony, civil service, Central South-west England, self
- PS0V5
- 35, Jackie, civil servant (pt), Central South-west England, wife
- PS0V6
- 11, Christine, student (state secondary), Central South-west England, daughter
- PS0V7
- 60+, Rene, retired, Central South-west England, mother-in-law
- PS0V8
- 59, Mum, shop assistant, Central South-west England, mother
- PS0V9
- 29, Vicky, sales assistant, Central South-west England, friend
- PS0VA
- 40, Dot, civil servant, Central South-west England, colleague
- PS0VB
- 37, Martin, civil servant, Central South-west England, colleague
- PS0VC
- 50, Margaret, civil servant, Central Northern England, colleague
- KE3PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KE3PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 15170 words from 22 conversations recorded by `Valerie' (PS0WN, R 75) between 30 January and ?? ?? 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- PS0WN
- 36, Valerie, staff nurse (pt), Scottish, self
- PS0WP
- 34, Peter, sales representative, Scottish, husband
- PS0WR
- 8, Jackie, student (state primary), Scottish, daughter
- PS0WS
- 10, David, student (state primary), Scottish, son
- PS0WT
- 11, Dawn, student, Scottish, friend
- PS0WU
- 40+, None, dentist, Scottish, stranger
- PS0WW
- 50+, None, telephone engineer, Scottish, stranger
- PS0WX
- 37, Dougie, sales representative, Scottish, friend
- KE4PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KE4PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 4800 words from 4 conversations recorded by `Wayne' (PS0X2, R 108) between 20 and 22 February 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS0X2
- 20, Wayne, unemployed, Central South-west England, self
- PS0X3
- 47, Michael, factory operative, Central South-west England, father
- PS0X4
- 49, Brenda, factory operative, Central South-west England, mother
- PS0X5
- 22, Martin, forklift truck driver, Central South-west England, brother
- PS0X6
- 24, Gary, factory worker, Central South-west England, brother's friend
- PS0X7
- 17, Sam, student, Central South-west England, girlfriend
- KE5PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KE5PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 70883 words from 59 conversations recorded by `Wendy' (PS0X8, R 111) between 21 and 28 February 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- PS0X8
- 54, Wendy, machine minder, Central South-west England, self
- PS0X9
- 25, Bev, unemployed, Central South-west England, daughter
- PS0XA
- 55, Michael, production engineer, Central South-west England, husband
- PS0XB
- 30, Beth, office worker, Scottish, friend
- PS0XC
- 40, Jill, office worker, Central South-west England, friend
- PS0XD
- 45, Sandra, machine minder, Home Counties, friend
- PS0XE
- 62, Doreen, machine minder, London, friend
- PS0XG
- 49, Dee, packer, Central South-west England, friend
- KE6PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KE6PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6463 words from Walsall Local Studies Centre: interview
- 15903 words from BBC Radio Nottingham: radio broadcast
- PS388
- Geoff, radio presenter
- PS389
- Sue, Phone-in caller
- PS38A
- Teresa, weather forecaster
- PS38B
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for Kids' County quiz
- PS38C
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for Kids' County quiz
- PS38D
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for Kids' County quiz
- PS38E
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for Kids' County quiz
- PS38F
- 10+, schoolchild, Giving clue for Kids' County quiz
- PS38G
- Trudy, Quiz phone-in caller
- KGHPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KGHPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11768 words from BAIE Scotland: radio broadcast
- 9571 words from Abbey Life training session: employee training
- 16174 words from Leicestershire County Council: debate
- 16835 words from Student seminar on Hunan report
- 9442 words from Black sheep of the family: seminar
- 12069 words from Adult education seminar: Justice for all
- 9402 words from Team Focus - training course (TNT Express Ltd)
- PS4NU
- 58, p. finister, trainer
- PS4NV
- 30, s. whitworth, manager
- PS4NW
- 30, m. bonner, telesales person
- PS4NX
- 30, m. brome, sales executive
- PS4NY
- 50, j. hartley, sales executive
- PS4P0
- 30, j. walton, telesales person
- PS4P1
- 30, l. birbeck, telesales person
- PS4P2
- 50, d. inman, telesales person
- PS4P3
- 30, m. dighton, sales executive
- KGSPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KGSPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 7484 words from Team Focus - training course (TNT Express Ltd)
- PS4P8
- 23, Justin, sales executive
- PS4P9
- 20+, sales executive
- PS4PA
- 30, b. singh, sales executive
- PS4PB
- 20+, j. worrow, sales executive
- PS4PC
- 40+, j. gibson, sales executive
- PS4PD
- 18, j. fowles, sales executive
- PS4PE
- 30+, p. summers, sales executive
- PS4PF
- 20+, p. ford, sales executive
- PS4PG
- 30+, a. bond, sales executive
- KGTPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KGTPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 17182 words from Team Focus - training course (TNT Express Ltd)
- PS4PN
- 23, Justin, sales executive
- PS4PP
- 20+, sales executive
- PS4PR
- 30, b. singh, sales executive
- PS4PS
- 20+, j. worrow, sales executive
- PS4PT
- 40+, j. gibson, sales executive
- PS4PU
- 18, j. fowles, sales executive
- PS4PV
- 30+, p. summers, sales executive
- PS4PW
- 20+, p. ford, sales executive
- PS4PX
- 30+, a. bond, sales executive
- KGUPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KGUPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 1794 words from St Dominic's: lesson
- 18414 words from Lecture on child sex abuse
- 12299 words from St Luke's School Council meeting
- 9671 words from Call Nick Ross - radio phone-in debating programme: live broadcast
- KJSPS000
- unspecified
- KJSPS001
- unspecified
- KJSPS002
- unspecified
- KJSPS003
- unspecified
- KJSPS004
- unspecified
- KJSPS005
- unspecified
- KJSPS006
- unspecified
- KJSPS007
- unspecified
- KJSPS008
- unspecified
- KJSPS009
- unspecified
- KJSPS00A
- unspecified
- KJSPS00B
- unspecified
- KJSPS00C
- unspecified
- KJSPS00D
- unspecified
- KJSPS00E
- unspecified
- KJSPS00F
- unspecified
- KJSPS00G
- unspecified
- KJSPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KJSPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 8026 words from Test Match special: England v Sri Lanka: live broadcast
- 13372 words from Tutorial lesson: BTEC engineering tutoring session
- 10893 words from Talk about railways around Southwell
- 13348 words from Harlow Women's Institute committee meeting
- 5400 words from Teachers' conference: creative arts group
- 15933 words from General Portfolio management meeting
- PS3SF
- 40+, mike age // first language // di, group manager
- PS3SG
- 45+, Robert, team manager
- PS3SH
- 35+, Jackie, team manager
- PS3SJ
- 50+, Steve, team manager
- PS3SK
- 45+, Sheila, team manager
- PS3SL
- 45+, Phil, team manager
- PS3SM
- 45+, Ian, team manager
- PS3SN
- 45+, personal assistant
- KLVPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KLVPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 14570 words from Word-processing tutorial
- 10315 words from Careers service meeting
- 13718 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- PS2HY
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2J0
- Mick, trade unionist
- PS2J1
- Duncan, trade unionist
- PS2J2
- John, trade unionist
- PS2J3
- Sally, trade unionist
- PS2J4
- Frank, trade unionist
- PS2J5
- Avril, trade unionist
- PS2J6
- William, trade unionist
- PS2J7
- Paul, trade unionist
- KLYPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KLYPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12866 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- PS2L2
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2L3
- Tom, trade unionist
- PS2L4
- Nigel, trade unionist
- PS2L5
- Theresa, trade unionist
- PS2L6
- Maureen, trade unionist
- PS2L7
- Kevin, trade unionist
- PS2L8
- Sheila, trade unionist
- PS2L9
- Dorothy, trade unionist
- PS2LA
- Joanne, trade unionist
- KM0PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KM0PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 12125 words from Trade Union Annual Congress
- PS2LJ
- Dick, president of trade union
- PS2LK
- John, trade unionist
- PS2LL
- Denise, trade unionist
- PS2LM
- Chris, trade unionist
- PS2LN
- Duncan, secretary of trades council
- PS2LP
- Mike, trade unionist
- PS2LR
- Ron, trade unionist
- PS2LS
- Ed, trade unionist
- PS2LT
- John, trade unionist
- KM1PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KM1PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 13881 words from Dennis McCarthy Show: radio broadcast
- PS30C
- 30+, rob tomlinson, newsreader
- PS30D
- 30+, david white, director of social services
- PS30E
- mallory gelder, reporter
- PS30F
- head of un operations in bosnia
- PS30G
- 50+, dennis mccarthy, radio presenter
- PS30H
- 40+, Ken, Phone-in caller
- PS30J
- 40+, Angela, Phone-in caller
- PS30K
- John, Phone-in caller
- PS30L
- 40+, John, Phone-in caller
- KM2PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KM2PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11837 words from BBC Radio Nottingham daytime phone-in: radio broadcast
- PS312
- Geoff, radio presenter
- PS313
- 14+, Lesley, Phone-in caller
- PS314
- Sue, Phone-in caller
- PS315
- June, Phone-in caller
- PS316
- Sharron, Phone-in caller
- PS317
- annie smith, reporter
- PS318
- alison ford, newsreader
- PS319
- nigel bell, reporter
- PS31A
- ray hilton, union branch leader
- KM3PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KM3PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 18541 words from British Market Research Bureau monthly meeting
- 12668 words from Abbey Life training session: employee training
- 14432 words from [Bristol University history department tutorial]
- 16937 words from EIP meeting at Strensall Village Hall, day 7, afternoon session: public county council planning meeting
- PS3YY
- 50+, mr e barnett, department of the environment adjudicator
- PS400
- 40+, mr david p lock, solicitor, from David Lock Associates
- PS401
- 40+, miss d whittaker, department of the environment senior inspector
- PS402
- 40+, mr d potter, legal representative, for North Yorkshire County Council
- PS403
- 30+, mr d allenby, legal representative, for Harrogate Borough Council
- PS404
- 50+, mr terry heselton, legal representative, for Selby District Council
- PS405
- 35+, mr les j saunders, legal representative, for the Department of the Environment
- PS406
- 45+, mr f broughton, legal representative, for the Ministry of Agriculture
- PS407
- 45+, mr p earle, legal representative, for Richmondshire District Council
- KM7PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KM7PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11476 words from Halam Parish Council meeting
- PS6SW
- 60+, e bust, Chairperson
- PS6SX
- 30+, p rickett, Secretary/clerk
- PS6SY
- 55+, glynis herbert
- PS6T0
- 55+, r brown
- PS6T1
- 60+, t hallam
- PS6T2
- 55+, h rickett
- PS6T3
- 65+, d kemp
- PS6T4
- 30+, s bust
- PS6T5
- 51, john rose, retired music teacher, Recording the meeting.
- KM8PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KM8PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6711 words from Royal Courts: hearing
- 15082 words from BBC Radio Nottingham: radio broadcast
- PS37G
- martin fisher, radio presenter
- PS37H
- football commentator
- PS37J
- mick walker, football manager
- PS37K
- colin slater, football commentator
- PS37L
- football commentator
- PS37M
- football commentator
- PS37N
- roy bailey, football club chairman
- PS37P
- football commentator
- PS37R
- football commentator
- KN2PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KN2PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 19359 words from Suffolk County Council Highways and Transport Committee meeting
- 6362 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
- 6878 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
- 5466 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
- 4875 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
- 4034 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
- 3574 words from Albert Gunter: sermon
- 20634 words from Guppy's Enterprise Club - (invited speaker): lecture/seminar
- 4448 words from Maths tutorial
- 10393 words from Talk by WPC
- 578 words from Medical consultation
- 534 words from Medical consultation
- 409 words from Medical consultation
- 469 words from Medical consultation
- 2979 words from 3 conversations recorded by `206' (PS4XN, R 206) [dates unknown] with 5 interlocutors
- 4933 words from 5 conversations recorded by `712' (PS4XU, R 712) [dates unknown] with 5 interlocutors
- 291 words from 2 conversations recorded by `715' (PS4XW, R 715) [dates unknown] with 4 interlocutors
- 65 words from 1 conversation recorded by `716' (PS4Y1, R 716) [dates unknown] with 2 interlocutors
- 7356 words from 12 conversations recorded by `717' (PS4Y3, R 717) [dates unknown] with 9 interlocutors
- KNVPS000
- None, ?
- PS4Y3
- None, student, self
- PS4Y4
- 48, Julian, teacher, teacher
- PS4Y5
- 12, Marc, student, friend
- PS4Y6
- 13, Abbey, student, friend
- PS4Y7
- 16, Ado, teacher (pt), sister
- PS4Y8
- 41, Dinah, secretary, mother
- PS4Y9
- 11, Selassie, student, brother
- KNVPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KNVPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 1120 words from 3 conversations recorded by `727' (PS4YL, R 727) [dates unknown] with 4 interlocutors
- 13924 words from 9 conversations recorded by `Alex' (PS4YX, R 725) between [date unknown] and ?? ?? 1993 with 7 interlocutors
- 7387 words from 8 conversations recorded by `Alistair' (PS50D, R 730) [dates unknown] with 6 interlocutors
- 66500 words from 28 conversations recorded by `Arthur2' (PS50T, R 102) between 27 February and 2 March 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- PS50T
- 44, Arthur, teacher, Merseyside, self
- PS50U
- 70, A., housewife, North-west Midlands, mother-in-law
- PS50V
- 43, Paula, teacher, North-west Midlands, wife
- PS50W
- 16, Anthony, student, Northern England, son
- PS50X
- 14, Paul, student, Northern England, son
- PS50Y
- 35, Philip, North-west Midlands, brother-in-law
- PS510
- 72, John, retired (engineer), North-west Midlands, father-in-law
- KP1PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KP1PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 8570 words from 11 conversations recorded by `Carla' (PS513, R 713) [dates unknown] with 8 interlocutors
- 17457 words from 17 conversations recorded by `Caroline' (PS51F, R 726) on ?? ?? 1993 with 9 interlocutors
- KP3PS000
- None, ?
- PS51F
- 14, Caroline, student, London, self
- PS51G
- 14, Lyne, student, London, friend
- PS51H
- 14, Derick, student, London, friend
- PS51J
- Therly, teacher, teacher
- PS51K
- 14, Luch, student, London, friend
- PS51L
- Moore, teacher, teacher
- PS51M
- Richardson, teacher, London, teacher
- PS6U7
- None, ?
- KP3PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KP3PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 32640 words from 17 conversations recorded by `Cassie' (PS51S, R 704) between [date unknown] and ?? ?? 1993 with 9 interlocutors
- KP4PS000
- None, ?
- PS51S
- 15, Cassie, student, London, self
- PS51T
- 15, Bonnie, student, London, friend
- PS51U
- 14, Catherine, student, London, friend
- PS51V
- 13, Liam, student, London, friend
- PS51W
- 14, Peter, student, London, friend
- PS6P2
- 13, Meg, student, friend
- PS6P3
- 15, Alex, student, friend
- PS6P4
- 15, Danny, student, friend
- PS6U1
- None, ?
- 21997 words from 4 conversations recorded by `Catherine' (PS527, R 202) on 16 October 1993 with 3 interlocutors
- 33704 words from 10 conversations recorded by `Catriona' (PS52C, R 733) on ?? ?? 1993 with 9 interlocutors
- PS52C
- 16, Catriona, student, London, self
- PS52D
- 16, Phil, student, London, friend
- PS52E
- 16, Sal, student, London, friend
- PS52F
- 16, Jess, student, London, friend
- PS52G
- 16, Lucy, student, London, friend
- PS52H
- 16, Zoe, student, London, friend
- PS52J
- 16, Duncan, student, London, friend
- PS52K
- Father, artist, London, father
- PS52L
- Mother, artist, London, mother
- KP6PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KP6PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 1806 words from 4 conversations recorded by `Chris3' (PS52N, R 600) on 3 April 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS52N
- 35, Chris, builder, Northern England, self
- PS52P
- 40, Rob, builder, North-east England, colleague
- PS52R
- 45, Scon, builder, North-east England, colleague
- PS52S
- 22, Mick, builder, North-east England, colleague
- PS6P8
- 27, Louise, computer operator, Northern England, wife
- PS6P9
- 36, Rosie, child minder, North-east England, friend
- PS6PA
- 31, Phil, mortgage financier, North-east England, brother
- PS6PB
- 2, Kyle, pre-school, North-east England, son
- KP7PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KP7PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 20442 words from 7 conversations recorded by `Christopher' (PS52T, R 74) between 30 January and 8 February 1992 with 6 interlocutors
- PS52T
- 33, Christopher, civil servant, Scottish, self
- PS52U
- 33, Wendy, nurse (pt), Scottish, wife
- PS52V
- 5, Jonathan, student (state primary), Scottish, son
- PS52W
- 3, Michael, student (state pre), Scottish, son
- PS52X
- 60, Norma, retired (physiotherapist), Scottish, mother
- PS52Y
- 72, Hazel, housewife, London, mother-in-law
- PS530
- 65+, None, watchtower representative, Scottish, stranger
- KP8PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KP8PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6496 words from 10 conversations recorded by `Craig' (PS532, R 709) [dates unknown] with 9 interlocutors
- 26892 words from 20 conversations recorded by `Danny' (PS53C, R 728) [dates unknown] with 9 interlocutors
- KPAPS000
- None, ?
- PS53C
- 13, Danny, student, self
- PS53D
- 13, Andrew, student, friend
- PS53E
- Hearn, teacher, teacher
- PS53F
- 13, Andrew, student, friend
- PS53G
- 13, Nick, student, friend
- PS53H
- 13, Dbillon, student, friend
- PS53J
- 13, Daniel, student, friend
- PS53K
- 14, Takeo, student, friend
- KPAPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KPAPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 2738 words from 5 conversations recorded by `Eddie' (PS540, R 724) [dates unknown] with 3 interlocutors
- 1997 words from 1 conversation recorded by `Frances' (PS543, R 612) between 2 April 1991 and [date unknown] with 4 interlocutors
- 4826 words from 5 conversations recorded by `Gary' (PS549, R 70) on 30 January 1992 with 5 interlocutors
- PS549
- 36, Gary, shunter, Scottish, self
- PS54A
- 11, Laura, student, Scottish, daughter
- PS54B
- 8, Karen, student, Scottish, daughter
- PS54C
- 33, Lilias, shop assistant, Scottish, wife
- PS54D
- 73, Jake, retired, Scottish, father-in-law
- PS54E
- 71, Lilias, retired, Scottish, mother-in-law
- KPDPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KPDPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 15481 words from 17 conversations recorded by `Grace' (PS54G, R 706) [dates unknown] with 7 interlocutors
- 3817 words from 22 conversations recorded by `Jock' (PS54T, R 729) [dates unknown] with 6 interlocutors
- 42330 words from 39 conversations recorded by `Josie' (PS555, R 702) [dates unknown] with 34 interlocutors
- PS555
- 14, Josie, student, London, self
- PS556
- 15, Shelley, student, London, friend
- PS557
- 15, Kerry, student, London, friend
- PS558
- 15, Grace, student, London, friend
- PS559
- 16, Daniel, student, London, friend
- PS55A
- 13, Truno, student, London, friend
- PS55B
- 12, Sean, student, London, friend
- PS55C
- 12, Petro, student, London, friend
- PS55D
- 10, Raphael, student, London, friend
- PS55E
- 17, Vergina, student, London, friend
- PS55F
- 13, Tina, student, London, friend
- PS55G
- Greta, housewife, friend
- PS55H
- Jane, housewife, London, friend
- PS55J
- Madigan, teacher, teacher
- PS55K
- 15, Alice, student, London, friend
- PS55L
- 14, Kate, student, London, friend
- PS55M
- 15, James, student, London, friend
- PS55N
- 15, Peter, student, London, friend
- PS55P
- Chris, housewife, friend
- PS55R
- 16, Ozzi, student, friend
- PS55S
- 15, Wesley, student, London, friend
- PS5AG
- None, teacher, London, teacher
- PS5AH
- 15, Cassie, student, London, friend
- PS5AJ
- None, ?
- PS6R3
- 15, Warren, student, London, friend
- PS6R4
- 12, Jesica, student, London, friend
- PS6R5
- 15, Andrew, student, London, friend
- PS6R6
- 16, Karen, student, London, friend
- PS6R7
- None, London, stranger
- PS6TS
- None, ?
- PS6TT
- None, ?
- PS6TU
- None, ?
- PS6TY
- None, ?
- KPGPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KPGPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 11244 words from 7 conversations recorded by `Kath' (PS55T, R 731) on ?? ?? 1993 with 4 interlocutors
- 3559 words from 7 conversations recorded by `Katriane' (PS560, R 76) on 31 January 1992 with 3 interlocutors
- 4901 words from 4 conversations recorded by `Kitty' (PS563, R 200) between 16 and 19 October 1993 with 9 interlocutors
- 5577 words from 4 conversations recorded by `Leon' (PS56D, R 715) [dates unknown] with 4 interlocutors
- 9081 words from 5 conversations recorded by `Madge' (PS56M, R 620) between 8 and 9 April 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- 3734 words from 6 conversations recorded by `Marion' (PS571, R 203) [dates unknown] with 9 interlocutors
- PS571
- 22, Marion, student, London, self
- PS572
- 21, Liz, student, London, friend
- PS573
- 20, Cathi, student, London, friend
- PS574
- 20, Angie, student, Central Northern England, friend
- PS575
- 45, None, lecturer, United States, lecturer
- PS576
- 20, Rachel, student, London, friend
- PS577
- 20, Lucy, student, London, friend
- PS578
- 21, Alice, student, London, friend
- KPNPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KPNPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 7616 words from 8 conversations recorded by `Matthew' (PS57A, R 718) [dates unknown] with 7 interlocutors
- 9604 words from 5 conversations recorded by `Monica' (PS57L, R 204) on 19 October 1993 with 4 interlocutors
- 66 words from 1 conversation recorded by `Pamela2' (PS57P, R 71) [dates unknown] with 2 interlocutors
- 7008 words from 11 conversations recorded by `Peter' (PS57T, R 701) [dates unknown] with 7 interlocutors
- 16953 words from 4 conversations recorded by `Rachel2' (PS582, R 205) on 9 October 1993 with 4 interlocutors
- 67920 words from 13 conversations recorded by `Rebecca' (PS586, R 201) between 15 and 19 October 1993 with 9 interlocutors
- KPVPS000
- None, ?
- KPVPS001
- None, ?
- KPVPS002
- None, ?
- KPVPS003
- None, ?
- PS586
- 19, Rebecca, student, Home Counties, self
- PS5AF
- 19, Ann, student, colleague
- PS6RW
- Anne, lecturer, lecturer
- PS6RX
- 20, Kitty, student, colleague
- PS6RY
- 22, Inga, student, European (Serbo-Croat), friend
- KPVPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KPVPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 6745 words from 6 conversations recorded by `Robert2' (PS58H, R 703) [dates unknown] with 6 interlocutors
- 5165 words from 7 conversations recorded by `Robin' (PS58K, R 723) [dates unknown] with 6 interlocutors
- 7772 words from 8 conversations recorded by `Sarah' (PS58U, R 714) [dates unknown] with 9 interlocutors
- PS58U
- 13, Sarah, student, self
- PS58V
- 13, Charitra, student, friend
- PS58W
- 13, Keat-Yee, student, friend
- PS58X
- 13, Roosevelt, student, friend
- PS58Y
- 37, Elizabeth, housewife, mother
- PS590
- 13, Kate, student, friend
- PS591
- 10, Emily, student, sister
- PS5AN
- 59, Amy, retired, grandmother
- KPYPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KPYPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 18900 words from 12 conversations recorded by `Sheila' (PS59B, R 56) between 31 January and 4 February 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- KR0PS000
- None, ?
- KR0PS001
- None, ?
- PS59B
- 52, Sheila, housewife, North-east England, self
- PS59C
- 50, Wendy, housewife, Central Northern England, friend
- PS59D
- 23, Sharon, housewife, Central Northern England, daughter
- PS59E
- 49, Edna, housewife, North-east England, friend
- PS59F
- 18, Paul, serviceman, Central Northern England, son
- PS59G
- 5, Michael, student, Central Northern England, grandson
- PS59H
- 3, Sammy Jo, student, Central Northern England, granddaughter
- KR0PSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KR0PSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 5091 words from 6 conversations recorded by `Skonev' (PS59U, R 721) [dates unknown] with 7 interlocutors
- 7446 words from 13 conversations recorded by `Terry' (PS5A1, R 722) [dates unknown] with 13 interlocutors
- PS5A1
- 14, Terry, student, London, self
- PS5A2
- 14, Clifton, student, friend
- PS5A3
- 14, Jo, student, friend
- PS5A4
- 39, Mother, housewife, mother
- PS5A5
- 1, Michael, pre-school, brother
- PS5A6
- 14, Nick, student, friend
- PS5A7
- 16, Georgina, student, sister
- PS5A8
- 19, Agi, student, friend's brother
- PS5A9
- None, ?
- PS5AA
- 14, Damion, student, friend
- PS5AB
- 14, Bunnie, student, friend
- PS5AT
- None, ?
- PS6U4
- None, ?
- 14626 words from Ideas in Action programmes: radio broadcast
- 26668 words from Ideas in Action programmes (02): radio broadcast
- 41437 words from Ideas in Action programmes (03): radio broadcast
- 133562 words from Ideas in Action programmes (04): radio broadcast
- 4657 words from Lecture on Victorian fashion
- 8716 words from Bill Heine radio phone-in
- 108940 words from Bill Heine radio phone-in (02)
- 49531 words from Central News (03): TV news
- 5972 words from St Aldates in the Civil War [talk]
- 36016 words from Environmental Health Officers' conference: lecture
- 2116 words from Britain and Europe - European music: radio programme
- 2535 words from Britain and Europe - European art: radio programme
- 154585 words from Fox FM News: radio programme
- PS63J
- a
- PS63K
- jm
- PS63L
- aw
- PS63M
- pc
- PS63N
- bc
- PS63P
- mt
- PS63R
- nw
- PS63S
- vh
- PS63T
- jg
- PS63U
- db
- PS63V
- b
- PS63W
- tb
- PS63X
- nt
- PS63Y
- mn
- PS640
- lb
- PS641
- tr
- PS642
- mm
- PS643
- pm
- PS644
- si
- PS645
- mp
- PS646
- ts
- PS647
- c
- PS648
- jp
- PS649
- cs
- PS64A
- d
- PS64B
- cm
- PS64C
- mg
- PS64D
- e
- PS64E
- f
- PS64F
- g
- PS64G
- h
- PS64H
- as
- PS64J
- td
- PS64K
- i
- PS64L
- j
- PS64M
- mb
- PS64N
- bw
- PS64P
- cr
- PS64R
- bf
- PS64S
- k
- PS64T
- tm
- PS64U
- ar
- PS64V
- pr
- PS64W
- l
- PS64X
- cp
- PS64Y
- hh
- PS650
- ip
- PS651
- pp
- PS652
- ad
- PS653
- tc
- PS654
- ta
- PS655
- iw
- PS656
- do
- PS657
- rp
- PS658
- dg
- PS659
- cf
- PS65A
- cj
- PS65B
- gm
- PS65C
- ns
- PS65D
- dm
- PS65E
- rg
- PS65F
- go
- PS65G
- f
- PS65H
- rj
- PS65J
- jb
- PS65K
- g
- PS65L
- jm
- PS65M
- h
- PS65N
- lr
- PS65P
- mu
- PS65R
- hn
- PS65S
- i
- PS65T
- dw
- PS65U
- rh
- PS65V
- ea
- PS65W
- jh
- PS65X
- mm
- PS65Y
- df
- PS660
- nh
- PS661
- ig
- PS662
- nc
- PS663
- mh
- PS664
- tn
- PS665
- cg
- PS666
- ls
- PS667
- dh
- PS668
- Zippy
- PS669
- sj
- PS66A
- a
- PS66B
- rr
- PS66C
- ml
- PS66D
- ac
- PS66E
- jz
- PS66F
- d
- PS66G
- rb
- PS66H
- ds
- PS66J
- kg
- PS66K
- ah
- PS66L
- sw
- PS66M
- lm
- PS66N
- rm
- PS66P
- bg
- PS66R
- e
- PS66S
- cb
- PS66T
- ah
- PS66U
- bh
- PS66V
- p
- PS66W
- ak
- PS66X
- q
- PS66Y
- Bungle
- PS670
- jeffrey
- PS671
- jb
- PS672
- sh
- PS673
- sk
- PS674
- ms
- PS675
- ps
- PS676
- rv
- PS677
- aa
- PS678
- mh
- PS679
- je
- PS67A
- el
- PS67B
- ny
- PS67C
- lj
- PS67D
- ic
- PS67E
- jw
- PS67F
- na
- PS67G
- pt
- PS67H
- mi
- PS67J
- pg
- PS67K
- fd
- PS67L
- tk
- PS67M
- tp
- PS67N
- nm
- PS67P
- js
- PS67R
- gd
- PS67S
- mr
- PS67T
- pj
- PS67U
- at
- PS67V
- gw
- PS67W
- rg
- PS67X
- mj
- PS67Y
- ap
- PS680
- pa
- PS681
- fj
- PS682
- vb
- PS683
- rk
- PS684
- b
- PS685
- gb
- PS686
- jt
- PS687
- jk
- PS688
- hc
- PS689
- ra
- PS68A
- ab
- PS68B
- pk
- PS68C
- ag
- PS68D
- mw
- PS68E
- mh
- PS68F
- sp
- PS68G
- bj
- PS68H
- bw
- PS68J
- ph
- PS68K
- wt
- PS68L
- kp
- PS68M
- pl
- PS68N
- cw
- PS68P
- mb
- PS68R
- km
- PS68S
- k
- PS68T
- ss
- PS68U
- aj
- PS68V
- bg
- PS68W
- gf
- PS68X
- rs
- PS68Y
- nh
- PS690
- cl
- PS691
- dp
- PS692
- jn
- PS693
- pb
- PS694
- mf
- PS695
- ij
- PS696
- wh
- PS697
- ak
- PS698
- c
- PS699
- jc
- PS69A
- hk
- PS69B
- hm
- PS69C
- ep
- PS69D
- sp
- PS69E
- rl
- PS69F
- ti
- PS69G
- lh
- PS69H
- fw
- PS69J
- lm
- PS69K
- nr
- PS69L
- tf
- PS69M
- gp
- PS69N
- sm
- PS69P
- nk
- PS69R
- we
- PS69S
- np
- PS69T
- dc
- PS69U
- ch
- PS69V
- ef
- PS69W
- bs
- PS69X
- mc
- PS69Y
- bh
- PS6A0
- by
- PS6A1
- ch
- PS6A2
- ks
- PS6A3
- rm
- PS6A4
- jj
- PS6A5
- ca
- PS6A6
- cc
- PS6A7
- kc
- PS6A8
- jw
- PS6A9
- jmc
- PS6AA
- Fjm
- PS6AB
- kk
- PS6AC
- bo
- PS6AD
- np
- PS6AE
- ha
- PS6AF
- dw
- PS6AG
- jv
- PS6AH
- rd
- PS6AJ
- ec
- PS6AK
- wr
- PS6AL
- pd
- PS6AM
- he
- PS6AN
- dv
- PS6AP
- pe
- PS6AR
- af
- PS6AS
- lh
- PS6AT
- lc
- PS6AU
- bn
- PS6AV
- tj
- PS6AW
- ww
- PS6AX
- sr
- PS6AY
- pw
- PS6B0
- yo
- PS6B1
- fm
- PS6B2
- sa
- PS6B3
- kb
- PS6B4
- wa
- PS6B5
- vb
- PS6B6
- am
- PS6B7
- ha
- PS6B8
- rj
- PS6B9
- tf
- PS6BA
- fh
- PS6BB
- al
- PS6BC
- jl
- PS6BD
- bv
- PS6BE
- ck
- PS6BF
- zw
- PS6BG
- ac
- PS6BH
- eh
- PS6BJ
- ht
- PS6BK
- jr
- PS6BL
- pk
- PS6BM
- ma
- PS6BN
- jg
- PS6BP
- m
- PS6BS
- jo
- PS6BT
- lb
- PS6BU
- dd
- PS6BV
- am
- PS6BW
- no
- PS6BX
- dj
- PS6BY
- n
- PS6C0
- eh
- PS6C1
- bm
- PS6C2
- o
- PS6C3
- jh
- PS6C4
- r
- PS6C5
- js
- PS6C6
- at
- PS6C7
- dl
- PS6C8
- kh
- PS6C9
- bs
- PS6CA
- sc
- PS6CB
- lt
- PS6CC
- dm
- PS6CD
- na
- PS6CE
- j
- PS6CF
- id
- PS6CG
- cb
- PS6CH
- rd
- PS6CJ
- ro
- PS6CK
- gh
- PS6CL
- cm
- PS6CM
- lt
- KRTPS000
- unspecified
- 17625 words from Independent Television News
- 1473 words from Independent Television News (02)
- 11670 words from
- 5488 words from The Land Army: lecture
- 6769 words from OUP Electronic Publishing Group: business meeting
- 11223 words from Oxford City Council Health and Environmental Protection Committee meeting
- 21124 words from Oxford City Council Health and Environmental Protection Committee meeting (02)
- 13693 words from Interview with Roger Black
- 9682 words from Lecture on philosophy
- 3552 words from South East Arts Face the Media course: lecture
- 2610 words from Minute talks with South East Arts administrators
- 11157 words from Telephone system training course
- 42464 words from Radio Oxford, Peter Baker talking sport: radio programme
- 23668 words from Belfast Festival at Queen's 4-23 November 1991. u.p.
- 19433 words from Today's Horse. Aceville Publications Ltd Colchester, Essex 1992-02
- 13743 words from 9 conversations recorded by `Anthony2' (PS6NV, R 710) [dates unknown] with 4 interlocutors
- 1427 words from 2 conversations recorded by `Barry2' (PS6NY, R 711) [dates unknown] with 3 interlocutors
- 9863 words from 7 conversations recorded by `Clare2' (PS6PC, R 207) between 12 and 16 October 1993 with 12 interlocutors
- PS6PC
- 21, Clare, student, London, self
- PS6PD
- 30+, Gary, estate agent, London, colleague
- PS6PE
- 24, Catherine, lettings negotiator, London, friend
- PS6PF
- 20, Mark, student, London, friend
- PS6PG
- 48, Carole, housewife, London, friend's mother
- PS6PH
- 51, Dave, bank inspector, London, friend's father
- PS6PM
- 29, Chris, carpenter, London, friend
- PS6PN
- 40, Brian, stockbroker, London, colleague
- PS6PP
- 50, Brian, banker, colleague
- PS6PR
- 50, Jeff, London, colleague
- PS6TR
- None, ?
- KSRPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KSRPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 34975 words from 16 conversations recorded by `June2' (PS6R8, R 610) between 2 and 8 April 1992 with 9 interlocutors
- PS6R8
- 53, June, housewife, North-west Midlands, self
- PS6R9
- 45, Arthur, unemployed, Lancashire, husband
- PS6RA
- 21, Richard, radar operator, Northern England, friend
- PS6RB
- 19, Angela, care assistant, Lancashire, daughter
- PS6RC
- 72, Peggy, salvation army, Lancashire, mother-in-law
- PS6RD
- 75, Ernest, salvation army, Northern England, father-in-law
- PS6RE
- 23, Karen, nursery teacher, Northern England, daughter-in-law
- PS6RF
- 27, David, unemployed, Northern England, son
- KSSPSUNK
- Unknown speaker, other
- KSSPSUGP
- Group of unknown speakers, other
- 31800 words from 12 conversations recorded by `Margaret2' (PS6RG, R 120) between 20 and 27 February 1992 with 7 interlocutors
- 2237 words from 2 conversations recorded by `Michael2' (PS6RM, R 708) [dates unknown] with 4 interlocutors
- 38297 words from 25 conversations recorded by `Richard2' (PS1BY, R 123) between 21 and 27 February 1992 with 8 interlocutors
- 6020 words from 6 conversations recorded by `Richard4' (PS6SG, R 707) [dates unknown] with 5 interlocutors
Formal Specification of the BNC XML schema
The structure of the XML edition of the British National Corpus is described by means of a single XML schema, which is however expressed in three different schema languages: the traditional DTD language which XML inherits from SGML; the more recently defined ISO schema language known as RELAXNG; and the W3C defined schema language. The three schema files are all generated from the same TEI-conformant XML source file, which is also used to generate the present documentation.
This section of the document contains the TEI-conformant reference specification for all components of the BNC schema. These include definitions for attribute classses, model classes, and macro patterns as well as definitions for elements and their associated attributes and possible value lists. A full description of these concepts and how they are used to define and document XML encoding schemes is given by the TEI Guidelines (in particular, in chapter TD); the following summary provides only basic information about them.
When several elements in a schema share attributes of the same name, with values drawn from a common set, they are considered to form an attribute class. The members of such a class can then all reference the same class definition rather then each repeat the same information. In the BNC, for example, the elements <bibl>,<corr>, <div>, <head>, <hi>, and half a dozen others, all have the same attribute rend which takes a coded value taken from the same short list of possibilities. Rather than repeat this definition half a dozen times therefore, the relevant elements are all said to be members of a class att.rendered, which is defined independently of those elements (but includes a list of its members). In the same way, the <w> and <mw> elements, as members of the att.c5coded class, share the same definition for the possible CLAWS5 codes specified by their c5 attribute. Note however that the element <c>, although it has an attribute c5, is not a member of this class because the possible values for this attribute on this element are entirely different.
In any reasonably large schema, and particularly one derived from the TEI model, several elements are likely to have very similar content models, since it will often be the case that at a given point in the document hierarchy any one of several possible elements will be permissible. The specific subset of elements (<w>, <mw>, <c> and a few others) which may appear within an <s> element in the BNC, is different from the subsets of elements which may appear within a <p> or <div> element. However, there are several elements which can appear in the same places as a <p>. Following TEI practice, we call the set of elements which can appear together (in sequence or alternation) at a specific place in the document hierarchy a model class. For example, since <l>, <lg>, <list>, <p>, <quote>, and <sp> are all permitted as immediate components of a <div> elements, we define a class model.divPart, of which these six elements are all members. Wherever convenient, content models are defined in terms of these model classes.
As noted above, this usage of model classes is a distinctive and pervasive feature of the TEI encoding scheme. Because the BNC derives from the TEI scheme, it uses the same names and (as far as is practicable) the same model classes throughout. Although this introduces an occasionally redundant degree of indirection in the resulting schema, it also makes clearer the relationship between the components defined for the BNC and their origins in the TEI scheme.
Finally, we define here a few macros for commonly encountered content models. These are also taken from the TEI encoding scheme, though in a few cases with different meanings. In the TEI for example, the macro macro.phraseSeq is defined as a mixture of various ‘phrase level’ elements and plain text; in the BNC scheme, it has been redefined as plain text only. The places where this macro is referenced however are unchanged; in this respect therefore, the BNC schema is a proper subset of the full BNC schema.
The remainder of this section lists in alphabetical order all of the attribute classes, model classes, elements, and macros defined for the BNC encoding scheme, using a similar method of display as the full TEI Guidelines. For each component, we give a brief description and also a usage example. Note that many of the elements listed here appear only in the corpus header rather than in the texts, and may thus be safely disregarded by applications which operate on the texts alone or in isolation.
Classes defined
Class att.ascribed
provides attributes for elements representing speech or action that can be ascribed to a specific individual.
Class att.authorialIntervention
provides attributes describing the nature of an authorial intervention.
hand- signifies the hand of the agent which made the addition or performed the deletion.
status- may be used to indicate faulty deletions, e.g. strikeouts
which include too much or too little text, or erroneous
additions, e.g., an insertion which duplicates some of the text
already present. Sample values include:
- duplicate
- (all of the text indicated as an addition duplicates some text that is in the original, whether the duplication is word-for-word or less exact.)
- duplicate-partial
- (part of the text indicated as an addition duplicates some text that is in the original)
- excessStart
- (some text at the beginning of the deletion is marked as deleted even though it clearly should not be deleted.)
- excessEnd
- (some text at the end of the deletion is marked as deleted even though it clearly should not be deleted.)
- shortStart
- (some text at the beginning of the deletion is not marked as deleted even though it clearly should be.)
- shortEnd
- (some text at the end of the deletion is not marked as deleted even though it clearly should be.)
- unremarkable
- (the deletion is not faulty.)
type- classifies the type of addition or deletion using any convenient typology.
Class att.c5coded
elements which carry a CLAWS 5 Part of speech code
c5- supplies the CLAWS 5 code associated with this word. Legal values are:
- AJ0
- Adjective (general or positive) (e.g. good, old, beautiful)
- AJC
- Comparative adjective (e.g. better, older)
- AJS
- Superlative adjective (e.g. best, oldest)
- AT0
- Article (e.g. the, a, an, no)
- AV0
- General adverb: an adverb not subclassified as AVP or AVQ (see below) (e.g. often, well, longer (adv.), furthest.
- AVP
- Adverb particle (e.g. up, off, out)
- AVQ
- Wh-adverb (e.g. when, where, how, why, wherever)
- CJC
- Coordinating conjunction (e.g. and, or, but)
- CJS
- Subordinating conjunction (e.g. although, when)
- CJT
- The subordinating conjunction that
- CRD
- Cardinal number (e.g. one, 3, fifty-five, 3609)
- DPS
- Possessive determiner-pronoun (e.g. your, their, his)
- DT0
- General determiner-pronoun: i.e. a determiner-pronoun which is not a DTQ or an AT0.
- DTQ
- Wh-determiner-pronoun (e.g. which, what, whose, whichever)
- EX0
- Existential there, i.e. there occurring in the there is ... or there are ... construction
- ITJ
- Interjection or other isolate (e.g. oh, yes, mhm, wow)
- NN0
- Common noun, neutral for number (e.g. aircraft, data, committee)
- NN1
- Singular common noun (e.g. pencil, goose, time, revelation)
- NN2
- Plural common noun (e.g. pencils, geese, times, revelations)
- NP0
- Proper noun (e.g. London, Michael, Mars, IBM)
- ORD
- Ordinal numeral (e.g. first, sixth, 77th, last) .
- PNI
- Indefinite pronoun (e.g. none, everything, one [as pronoun], nobody)
- PNP
- Personal pronoun (e.g. I, you, them, ours)
- PNQ
- Wh-pronoun (e.g. who, whoever, whom)
- PNX
- Reflexive pronoun (e.g. myself, yourself, itself, ourselves)
- POS
- The possessive or genitive marker 's or '
- PRF
- The preposition of
- PRP
- Preposition (except for of) (e.g. about, at, in, on, on behalf of, with)
- TO0
- Infinitive marker to
- UNC
- Unclassified items which are not appropriately considered as items of the English lexicon.
- VBB
- The present tense forms of the verb BE, except for is, 's: i.e. am, are, 'm, 're and be [subjunctive or imperative]
- VBD
- The past tense forms of the verb BE: was and were
- VBG
- The -ing form of the verb BE: being
- VBI
- The infinitive form of the verb BE: be
- VBN
- The past participle form of the verb BE: been
- VBZ
- The -s form of the verb BE: is, 's
- VDB
- The finite base form of the verb BE: do
- VDD
- The past tense form of the verb DO: did
- VDG
- The -ing form of the verb DO: doing
- VDI
- The infinitive form of the verb DO: do
- VDN
- The past participle form of the verb DO: done
- VDZ
- The -s form of the verb DO: does, 's
- VHB
- The finite base form of the verb HAVE: have, 've
- VHD
- The past tense form of the verb HAVE: had, 'd
- VHG
- The -ing form of the verb HAVE: having
- VHI
- The infinitive form of the verb HAVE: have
- VHN
- The past participle form of the verb HAVE: had
- VHZ
- The -s form of the verb HAVE: has, 's
- VM0
- Modal auxiliary verb (e.g. will, would, can, could, 'll, 'd)
- VVB
- The finite base form of lexical verbs (e.g. forget, send, live, return) [Including the imperative and present subjunctive]
- VVD
- The past tense form of lexical verbs (e.g. forgot, sent, lived, returned)
- VVG
- The -ing form of lexical verbs (e.g. forgetting, sending, living, returning)
- VVI
- The infinitive form of lexical verbs (e.g. forget, send, live, return)
- VVN
- The past participle form of lexical verbs (e.g. forgotten, sent, lived, returned)
- VVZ
- The -s form of lexical verbs (e.g. forgets, sends, lives, returns)
- XX0
- The negative particle not or n't
- ZZ0
- Alphabetical symbols (e.g. A, a, B, b, c, d)
- AJ0-AV0
- Probably AJ0 (adjective), but maybe AV0 (adverb)
- AJ0-NN1
- Probably AJ0 (adjective), but maybe NN1 (singular noun)
- AJ0-VVD
- Probably AJ0 (adjective), but maybe VVD (verb past tense)
- AJ0-VVG
- Probably AJ0 (adjective), but maybe VVG (-ing verb)
- AJ0-VVN
- Probably AJ0 (adjective), but maybe VVN (verb past participle)
- AV0-AJ0
- Probably AV0 (adverb), but maybe AJ0 (adjective)
- AVP-PRP
- Probably AVP (adverb particle), but maybe PRP (preposition)
- AVQ-CJS
- Probably AVQ (wh- adverb), but maybe CJS (subordinating conjunction)
- CJS-AVQ
- Probably CJS (subordinating conjunction), but maybe AVQ (wh- adverb)
- CJS-PRP
- Probably CJS (subordinating conjunction), but maybe PRP (preposition)
- CJT-DT0
- Probably CJT ("that" as conjunction), but maybe DT0 (determiner)
- CRD-PNI
- Probably CRD (number), but maybe PNI (indefinite pronoun)
- DT0-CJT
- Probably DT0 (determiner), but maybe CJT ("that" as conjunction)
- NN1-AJ0
- Probably NN1 (singular noun), but maybe AJ0 (adjective)
- NN1-NP0
- Probably NN1 (singular noun), but maybe NP0 (proper noun)
- NN1-VVB
- Probably NN1 (singular noun), but maybe VVB (verb)
- NN1-VVG
- Probably NN1 (singular noun), but maybe VVG (-ing verb)
- NN2-VVZ
- Probably NN2 (plural noun), but maybe VVZ (-s verb)
- NP0-NN1
- Probably NP0 (proper noun), but maybe NN1 (singular noun)
- PNI-CRD
- Probably PNI (indefinite pronoun), but maybe CRD (number)
- PRP-AVP
- Probably PRP (preposition), but maybe AVP (adverb particle)
- PRP-CJS
- Probably PRP (preposition), but maybe CJS (subordinating conjunction)
- VVB-NN1
- Probably VVB (verb), but maybe NN1 (singular noun)
- VVD-AJ0
- Probably VVD (verb past tense), but maybe AJ0 (adjective)
- VVD-VVN
- Probably VVD (verb past tense), but maybe VVN (verb past participle)
- VVG-AJ0
- Probably VVG (-ing verb), but maybe AJ0 (adjective)
- VVG-NN1
- Probably VVG (-ing verb), but maybe NN1 (singular noun)
- VVN-AJ0
- Probably VVN (verb past participle), but maybe AJ0
- VVN-VVD
- Probably VVN (verb past participle), but maybe VVD (verb past tense)
- VVZ-NN2
- Probably VVZ (-s verb), but maybe NN2 (plural noun)
Class att.datePart
(attributes for temporal expression) attributes for component elements of temporal expressions involving dates and time
value- supplies the value of a date or time in a standard form.
- Example
Examples of W3C date, time, and date & time formats.
<date value="1945-10-24">24 Oct 45</date> <date value="1996-09-24T07:25Z">September 24th, 1996 at 3:25 in the morning</date> <time value="1999-01-04T20:42-05:00">Jan 4 1999 at 8 pm</time> <time value="14:12:38">fourteen twelve and 38 seconds</time> <date value="1962-10">October of 1962</date> <date value="--06-12">June 12th</date> <date value="---01">the first of each month</date> <date value="--08">August</date> <date value="2006">MMVI</date>
- Example
Examples of time formats with reduced precision.
<date value="2006-05-18T10:03+09:00">a few minutes after ten in the morning on Thu 18 May</date> <time value="03:00">3 A.M.</time> <time value="12">around noon</time>Software intended for use with W3C XML Schema datatypes may be unable to properly process times expressed with reduced precision.
dur- (duration) indicates the length of this element in time.
Note: In providing a ‘regularized’ form, no claim is made that the form in the source text is incorrect; the regularized form is simply that chosen as the main form for purposes of unifying variant forms under a single heading.
Class att.identifiable
the class of elements which describe other elements by means of their generic identifiers
Note: The values * and name() are used for ident as well.
Members: attDef attributePolicy elementPolicy gi ident valItem valList valSource xairaItem
Class att.interpLike
provides attributes for elements which represent a formal analysis or interpretation.
Class att.personal
(attributes for components of personal names) common attributes for those elements which form part of a personal name.
type- provides more culture- linguistic- or application- specific information used to categorize this name component.
full- indicates whether the name component is given in full, as an abbreviation or simply as an initial. Legal values are:
sort- specifies the sort order of the name component in relation to others within the personal name.
Class att.rendered
the class of elements whose rendition has been recorded intermittently in the BNC
Members: bibl corr div head hi item l label list p quote stage
Class att.spanning
provides attributes for elements which delimit a span of text by pointing mechanisms rather than by enclosing it.
Note: The span is defined as running in document order from the start of the content of the pointing element (if any) to the end of the content of the element pointed to by the spanTo attribute (if any). If no value is supplied for the attribute, the assumption is that the span is coextensive with the pointing element.
Class att.tableDecoration
provides attributes used to decorate rows or cells of a table.
Class att.uniqueId
the class of elements which carry an identifier which is unique across the whole corpus.
Class model.assertLike
the class of elements concerning which assertions are made, for example as parts of a biographical element.
Class: model.personPart
Class: model.personPart
Members: model.persStateLike [age dialect occupation persName persNote ]
Class model.biblLike
groups elements containing a bibliographic description.
Class: model.inter: model.common
Class: model.inter: model.common
Members: bibl
Class model.castItemPart
elements used within an entry in a cast list, such as dramatic role or actor's name.
Class model.complexVal
(complex values) groups elements which express complex feature values in feature structures.
Class model.dateLike
(dates and date ranges) groups elements containing a date specifications.
Class: model.pPart.data: model.recordingPart
Note: This class allows certain content models to allow either a single date or a date-range element.
Class: model.pPart.data: model.recordingPart
Members: date
Class model.datePart
(temporal expression) groups component elements of temporal expressions involving dates and time.
Class model.divPart
groups elements which can occur between, but not within, paragraphs and other chunks.
Note: Note that this element class does not include members of the inter class, which can appear either within or between chunks. Unlike elements of that class, chunks cannot occur within chunks.
Class model.divPart.spoken
groups those elements which appear at the component level in spoken texts only.
Class model.divWrapper
(top-of-div elements) groups elements which can occur at the start of any division class element.
Members: head
Class model.divWrapper.bottom
(Bottom-of-division elements) groups elements which can occur at the end of a text division; for example, trailer, byline, etc.
Class model.editorialDeclPart
groups elements which may be used inside editorialDecl and appear multiple times
Class model.encodingPart
groups elements which may be used inside encodingDesc and appear multiple times
Members: classDecl editorialDecl projectDesc refsDecl samplingDecl tagsDecl xairaSpecification
Class model.frontPart.drama
groups elements which appear at the level of divisions within front or back matter of performance texts only.
Class model.gLike
groups elements which are interspersed with normal text, representing non-Unicode items.
Class model.global
(global inclusions ) groups empty elements which may appear at any point within a TEI text.
Members: model.global.edit [gap ] model.milestoneLike [pb ]
Class model.global.edit
groups empty elements which perform a specifically editorial function, for example by indicating the start of a span of text added, deleted, or missing in a source.
Class: model.global
Note: Members of this class can appear anywhere within a document, between or within components or phrases.
Class: model.global
Members: gap
Class model.glossLike
groups elements which provide an alternative name, explanation, or description for any markup construct.
Members: desc
Class model.headerPart
groups elements which may be used inside teiHeader and appear multiple times
Members: encodingDesc profileDesc
Class model.hiLike
groups phrase-level elements related to highlighting.
Class: model.phrase
Class: model.phrase
Members: hi
Class model.inter
Members: model.biblLike [bibl ] model.listLike [list ] model.noteLike model.oddRef model.qLike [lg quote ] model.stageLike [stage ]
Class model.listLike
groups all list-like elements.
Class: model.inter: model.common
Class: model.inter: model.common
Members: list
Class model.milestoneLike
(reference system elements) groups milestone-style elements used to represent reference systems
Class: model.global
Class: model.global
Members: pb
Class model.nameLike
(names of people, places, or organizations, or refering strings) groups those elements which name or refer to a person, place (man-made or geographic), or organization
Class: model.addrPart: model.pPart.data
Note: A superset of the naming elements that may appear in datelines, addresses, statements of responsibility, etc.
Class: model.addrPart: model.pPart.data
Members: model.nameLike.agent [name ]
Class model.nameLike.agent
groups elements which contain names of individuals or corporate bodies.
Class: model.nameLike
Note: This class is used in the content model of elements which reference names of people or organizations.
Class: model.nameLike
Members: name
Class model.noteLike
groups all note-like elements.
Class: model.inter: model.common
Class: model.inter: model.common
Class model.oddRef
(ODD reference class) groups elements which reference declarations in some markup language in ODD documents.
Class: model.common: model.inter
Class: model.common: model.inter
Class model.pLike
The class of elements which are paragraphs for the purpose of interchange.
Members: p
Class model.pLike.front
(Front matter chunk elements) groups elements which can occur as direct constituents of front matter, when a full title page is not given.
Class model.pPart.data
groups phrase-level elements containing names, dates, numbers, measures, and similar data.
Class: model.phrase
Class: model.phrase
Members: address model.dateLike [date ] model.nameLike [model.nameLike.agent ]
Class model.pPart.edit
groups phrase-level elements for simple editorial correction and transcription.
Class: model.phrase
Class: model.phrase
Class model.persNamePart
(components of personal names) groups those elements which form part of a personal name.
Class model.persStateLike
the class of elements describing changeable characteristics of a person which have a definite duration, for example occupation, residence, name... These characteristics of an individual are typically a consequence of their own action or that of others.
Class: model.assertLike
Class: model.assertLike
Members: age dialect occupation persName persNote
Class model.personLike
the class of elements used to provide information about people and thir relationships.
Note: This class is referenced in the header module, but is not populated unless the namesdates module is loaded.
Class model.personPart
groups elements which describe characteristics of the people referenced by a text, or participating in a language interaction.
Note: This class is used to define the content model for the <person> and <personGrp> elements.
Members: model.assertLike [model.persStateLike ]
Class model.phrase
Members: model.hiLike [hi ] model.pPart.data [address model.dateLike model.nameLike ] model.pPart.edit [corr unclear ] model.ptrLike [align ] model.segLike [c mw s w ]
Class model.physDescPart
specialised descriptive elements constituting the physical description of a manuscript or similar written source.
Class model.placeNamePart
(place name components) groups those elements which form part of a place name.
Class model.profileDescPart
groups elements which may be used inside profileDesc and appear multiple times
Members: langUsage particDesc settingDesc textClass
Class model.ptrLike
groups elements used for purposes of location and reference
Class: model.phrase
Class: model.phrase
Members: align
Class model.publicationStmtPart
(publication statement elements) groups the children of publicationStmt
Members: address availability date distributor idno pubPlace publisher
Class model.qLike
groups elements related to highlighting which can appear either within or between chunk-level elements.
Class: model.inter: model.common
Class: model.inter: model.common
Class model.quoteLike
(quote and similar elements) groups elements used to directly contain quotations.
Class model.recordingPart
(dates and date ranges) groups elements used to describe details of an audio or video recording
Members: model.dateLike [date ]
Class model.respLike
groups elements which are used to indicate intellectual responsibility, for example within a bibliographic element.
Class: model.biblPart: model.msItemPart
Class model.settingPart
elements used to describe the setting of a linguistic interaction.
Class model.singleVal
(atomic values) group elements used to represent atomic feature values in feature structures.
Class model.sourceDescPart
groups elements which may be used inside sourceDesc and appear multiple times
Members: recordingStmt
Class model.stageLike
Class: model.divPart.stage: model.inter
Class: model.divPart.stage: model.inter
Members: stage
Elements defined
<activity>
(activity) contains a brief informal description of what a participant in a language interaction is doing other than speaking, if anything.
Class: model.settingPart
<address>
contains a postal or other address, for example of a publisher, an organization, or an individual.
Class: model.pPart.data: model.publicationStmtPart
<age>
specifies the age in years of a recorded participant at the time of the recording in which they participate.
Class: model.persStateLike
<align>
marks an temporal alignment point within transcribed speech
Class: model.ptrLike
<attDef>
(attribute definition) provides the definition for a single attribute.
Class: att.identifiable
<attList>
contains documentation for all the attributes associated with this element, as a series of attDef elements.
<attributePolicy>
specifies the indexing policy to be used for one or more attributes.
Class: att.identifiable
ident- identifies the attribute to which the indexing policy applies
- att.identifiable.attribute.ns
<author>
in a bibliographic reference, contains the name of the author(s), personal or corporate, of a work; the primary statement of responsibility for any bibliographic item.
Class: model.respLike
<availability>
supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, etc.
Class: model.publicationStmtPart
<bibl>
(bibliographic citation) contains any bibliographic reference, occurring either within the header of a written corpus text in which case it has a fixed substructure, or within the body of a corpus text, in which case it contains only s elements.
Class: att.rendered: model.biblLike
<bncDoc>
contains a distinct document within the corpus, either spoken or written.
Class: att.uniqueId
<c>
(character) contains a significant punctuation mark as identified by the CLAWS tagger.
Class: model.segLike: att.segLike
Note: Character data. Should only contain a single character or an entity that represents a single character.
<catDesc>
(category description) provides a description for one category within the text taxonomies provided in the corpus header.
<catRef>
(category reference) provides a list of codes identifying the categories to which this text has been assigned, each code referencing a category element declared in the corpus header.
<category>
(category) defines a single category within a taxonomy of texts.
Class: att.uniqueId
<change>
summarizes a particular change or correction made to a particular version of an electronic text which is shared between several researchers.
Class: att.ascribed
date- supplies the date of the change in standard form, i.e. yyyy-mm-dd.
- att.ascribed.attribute.who
Note: Changes should be recorded in a consistent order, for example with the most recent first.
<classCode>
(classCode) contains the classification code used for this text in some standard classification system.
<classDecl>
(classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text.
Class: model.encodingPart
<collate>
supplies any additional ICU-conformant collating rules to be used when sorting words in the corpus.
Note: The format for collating rules is defined at http://icu.sourceforge.net/userguide/Collate_Customization.html
<corr>
(correction) contains the correct form of a passage apparently erroneous in the copy text.
Class: att.rendered: att.editLike: model.pPart.edit
sic- contains verbatim text which has been corrected, or an empty string if the correction consists of an addition.
- att.rendered.attribute.rend
resp- a code identifying the agency responsible for making the correction.
<creation>
contains information about the creation of a text.
<date>
contains a date in any format.
Class: model.dateLike: model.publicationStmtPart
<defaultVal>
specifies the default declared value for an attribute.
<desc>
(description) supplies explanatory text associated with a category or other component defined in the corpus header
Class: model.glossLike: att.translatable
Note: TEI convention requires that this be expressed as a finite clause, begining with an active verb.
<dialect>
contains an informal description of the regional variety of English used by a participant in a spoken text.
Class: model.persStateLike
<distributor>
supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the distribution of a text.
Class: model.biblPart: model.publicationStmtPart
<div>
(text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text.
Class: att.rendered
n- for a spoken text, identities the tape corresponding to this division.
decls- for a spoken text, identities the declarations (for setting, recording etc.) in the header which apply to this division.
level- specifies the hierarchic level of this division as a number between 1 (outermost or largest division) and 4 (innermost or smallest).
type- identifies the type or function of the division (for a written text). Values are:
- advertisement
- advertisement section or insert
- appendix
- appendix
- article
- single article in a journal
- blurb
- any kind of promotional front matter
- cartoon
- cartoon
- chapter
- chapter of a novel etc.
- column
- newspaper column, regular feature etc.
- compo
- composite material
- contents
- table of contents
- front
- any kind of front matter
- leaflet
- free-standing leaflet or pamphlet
- paper
- an academic paper in a collection
- part
- subdivision of a chapter
- recipe
- separate recipe in a cookbook
- section
- any subdivision
- sidebar
- sidebar or displayed paragraph e.g. in a news story
- story
- distinct story in a periodical or collection
- subsection
- smaller subdivision of any kind
- att.rendered.attribute.rend
Note: any sequence of low-level structural elements, possibly grouped into lower subdivisions.
<edition>
(Edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text.
<editionStmt>
(edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text.
<editor>
(editor) secondary statement of responsibility for a bibliographic item, for example the name of an individual, institution or organization, (or of several such) acting as editor, compiler, translator, etc.
Class: model.respLike
<editorialDecl>
(editorial practice declaration) provides details of editorial principles and practices applied during the encoding of a text.
Class: model.encodingPart: att.declarable
Note: This element is supplied in the BNC corpus header only
<elementPolicy>
specifies the xaira indexing policy to be used for one or more elements.
Class: att.identifiable
<encodingDesc>
(Encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the source or sources from which it was derived.
Class: model.headerPart
<event>
(Event) any phenomenon or occurrence, not necessarily vocalized or communicative, for example incidental noises or other events affecting communication.
Class: model.divPart.spoken: att.timed: att.ascribed
desc- provides a brief description of the event
- att.timed.attribute.dur
<extent>
specifies the approximate size of the text, in orthographic words, w elements, and s elements
<fileDesc>
(File Description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic file.
Note: The major source of information for those seeking to create a catalogue entry or bibliographic citation for an electronic file. As such, it provides a title and statements of responsibility together with details of the publication or distribution of the file, of any series to which it belongs, and detailed bibliographic notes for matters not addressed elswhere in the header. It also contains a full bibliographic description for the source or sources from which the electronic text was derived.
<gap>
(omitted material) indicates a point where material has been omitted from the transcription.
Class: model.global.edit: att.editLike
desc- briefly describes the material which has been omitted.
reason- gives further details of the reason for omission.
- att.editLike.attribute.resp
<gi>
(generic identifier) contains the name (generic identifier) of an element.
Class: att.identifiable
<head>
(heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section or a poem.
Class: att.rendered: model.divWrapper
type- Legal values are:
- att.rendered.attribute.rend
Note: The <head> element is used for headings at all levels; software which treats (e.g.) chapter headings, section headings, and list titles differently must determine the proper processing of a <head> element based on its structural position. A <head> occurring as the first element of a list is the title of that list; one occurring as the first element of a <div1> is the title of that chapter or section.
<hi>
(highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made.
Class: att.rendered: model.hiLike
<ident>
contains an identifier or name for an object of some kind in a formal language
Class: att.identifiable
Note: In running prose, this element may be used for any kind of identifier in any formal language.
<idno>
(identifying number) supplies an identifying code for a text.
Class: model.biblPart: model.publicationStmtPart
<imprint>
groups information relating to the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.
<item>
contains one component of a list.
Class: att.rendered
<joinTo>
supplies a list of element names carrying an attribute which has been specified with the xaira "joinTo" indexing policy.
<keywords>
(Keywords) contains a list of keywords or phrases identifying the topic or nature of a text.
<l>
(verse line) contains a single, possibly incomplete, line of verse.
Class: att.rendered: model.divPart: model.lLike
<label>
contains the label associated with an item in a list; in glossaries, marks the term being defined.
Class: att.rendered
<labelGen>
specifies the label to be generated for the parent reference.
<langUsage>
(language usage) describes the languages, sublanguages, registers, dialects etc. represented within a text.
Class: model.profileDescPart: att.declarable
<language>
characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text.
Note: Particularly for sublanguages, an informal prose characterization should be supplied as content for the element.
<lg>
(line group) contains a group of verse lines functioning as a formal unit, e.g. a stanza, refrain, verse paragraph, etc.
Class: model.qLike: model.divPart
Note: contains verse lines or nested line groups only, possibly prefixed by a heading.
<list>
contains any sequence of items organized as a list.
Class: att.rendered: model.listLike: model.divPart
<locale>
(locale) contains a brief informal description of the nature of a place for example a room, a restaurant, a park bench etc.
Class: model.settingPart
<mw>
contains a multi-word unit as identified by CLAWS, that is, a sequence of individual tokens which function as a single unit and can be given a single part of speech code.
Class: model.segLike: att.c5coded
Note: In CLAWS output the components of a <mw> are given ‘ditto’ tags inherited from the parent <mw>. In BNC they have been given the same code as elsewhere in the corpus.
<name>
(name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase.
Class: model.nameLike.agent: att.naming
<namespace>
supplies the formal name of the namespace to which the elements documented by its children belong.
Note: This element is not used in the current release of the BNC: all elements belong to the empty namespace.
<note>
contains a note or annotation.
Class: model.divPart: att.placement
<occupation>
contains an informal description of a person's trade, profession or occupation.
Class: model.persStateLike
<p>
(paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose.
Class: att.rendered: model.pLike: model.divPart
type- indicates how the paragraph is displayed Values are:
- att.rendered.attribute.rend
<para>
contains descriptive text appearing within components of a TEI header
<particDesc>
(participation description) describes the identifiable speakers, voices, or other participants in a linguistic interaction.
Class: model.profileDescPart: att.declarable
<pause>
a pause either between or within utterances.
Class: model.divPart.spoken: att.timed
<pb>
(page break) marks the boundary between one page of a text and the next in a standard reference system.
Class: model.milestoneLike
<persName>
(personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including any or all of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc.
Class: model.persStateLike: model.nameLikeAgent
<persNote>
contains any additional information supplied about a participant in a spoken text
Class: model.persStateLike
<person>
provides information about an identifiable individual, for example a participant in a language interaction, or a person referred to in a historical source.
Class: att.uniqueId
ageGroup- specifies the age group to which the participant belongs. Values are:
dialect- specifies the dialect or accent of a participant's speech, as identified
by the respondent. Values are:
- CAN
- Canadian
- NONE
- No accent recorded
- XDE
- German
- XEA
- East Anglian
- XFR
- French
- XHC
- Home Counties
- XHM
- Humberside
- XIR
- Irish
- XIS
- Indian subcontinent
- XLC
- Lancashire
- XLO
- London
- XMC
- Central Midlands
- XMD
- Merseyside
- XME
- North-east Midlands
- XMI
- Midlands
- XMS
- South Midlands
- XMW
- North-west Midlands
- XNC
- Central Northern England
- XNE
- North-east England
- XNO
- Northern England
- XOT
- Other or unidentifiable
- XSD
- Scottish
- XSL
- Lower south-west England
- XSS
- Central south-west England
- XSU
- Upper south-west England
- XUR
- European
- XUS
- American (US)
- XWA
- Welsh
- XWE
- West Indian
firstLang- specifies the country of origin of the participant, as identified by the respondent. Legal values are:
n- internal identifier
educ- specifies the age at which the participant ceased full-time education. Legal values are:
soc- specifies the social class of the participant. Legal values are:
sex- specifies the sex of the participant. Legal values are:
role- describes the relationship or role of this participant with respect to the respondent.
- att.uniqueId.attribute.xmlid
Note: May contain either a prose description organized as paragraphs, or a sequence of more specific demographic elements drawn from the model.personPart class.
<placeName>
(place name) contains an absolute or relative place name.
Class: model.settingPart
<pp>
supplies page numbers for a bibliographic citation.
<profileDesc>
(text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in which it was produced, the participants and their setting.
Class: model.headerPart
<projectDesc>
(project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic file was encoded, together with any other relevant information concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected.
Class: model.encodingPart: att.declarable
<pubPlace>
contains the name of the place where a bibliographic item was published.
Class: att.naming: model.imprintPart: model.publicationStmtPart
<publicationStmt>
(publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text.
<publisher>
provides the name of the organization responsible for the publication or distribution of a bibliographic item.
Class: model.imprintPart: model.publicationStmtPart
<quote>
(quotation) contains a phrase or passage attributed by the narrator or author to some agency external to the text.
Class: model.qLike: model.divPart: att.rendered
Note: Any bibliographic source or reference provided for the quotation may be included within the quote element.
<recording>
(recording event) details of an audio or video recording event used as the source of a spoken text, either directly or from a public broadcast.
Class: att.uniqueId
date- date of the recording in standardized form.
n- tape number.
time- time of day the recording was made.
type- kind of recording. Values are:
dur- duration of the recording in minutes.
- att.uniqueId.attribute.xmlid
<recordingStmt>
(recording statement) describes a set of recordings used in transcription of a spoken text.
Class: model.sourceDescPart
<refsDecl>
(references declaration) provides documentation for the reference system applicable to the corpus.
Class: model.encodingPart: att.declarable
<resp>
contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's intellectual responsibility.
<respStmt>
(statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for someone responsible for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply.
<revisionDesc>
(revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file.
Note: Record changes with most recent changes at the top of the list.
<s>
(s-unit) contains a sentence-like division of a text.
Class: model.segLike
<samplingDecl>
(sampling declaration) contains a prose description of the rationale and methods used in sampling texts in the creation of a corpus or collection.
Class: model.encodingPart: att.declarable
<setting>
(setting) describes one particular setting in which a language interaction takes place.
Class: att.uniqueId: att.ascribed
n- an internal identifier for a setting
- att.uniqueId.attribute.xmlid
- att.ascribed.attribute.who
Note: If the who attribute is not supplied, the setting is assumed to be that of all participants in the language interaction.
<settingDesc>
(setting description) describes the setting or settings within which a language interaction takes place, either as a prose description or as a series of setting elements.
Class: model.profileDescPart: att.declarable
<shift>
(Shift) marks the point at which some paralinguistic feature of a series of utterances by any one speaker changes.
Class: model.divPart.spoken
<sourceDesc>
supplies a description of the source text(s) from which an electronic text was derived or generated.
<sp>
(speech) An individual speech in a performance text, or a passage presented as such in a prose or verse text.
Class: model.divPart: att.ascribed
<speaker>
A specialized form of heading or label, giving the name of one or more speakers in a dramatic text or fragment.
Note: In the BNC, used only for speaker labels in dramatic texts, or Hansard
<stage>
(stage direction) contains any kind of stage direction within a dramatic text or fragment.
Class: att.rendered: model.stageLike
<stext>
contains a single spoken text, i.e. a transcription or collection of transcriptions from a single source.
<tagUsage>
(tagUsage) supplies information about the usage of a specific element within a text.
<tagsDecl>
(tagging declaration) provides information about the XML elements actually used within a BNC text
Class: model.encodingPart
<taxonomy>
(taxonomy) defines a typology used to classify texts either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy.
Class: att.uniqueId
<teiHeader>
(TEI Header) supplies the descriptive and declarative information making up an electronic title page prefixed to every TEI-conformant text.
<term>
contains a word or phrase used to describe the topic or nature of a text.
<textClass>
(text classification) groups information which describes the nature or topic of a text in terms of a standard classification scheme, thesaurus, etc.
Class: model.profileDescPart: att.declarable
<title>
contains the full title of a work of any kind.
<titleStmt>
(title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those responsible for its intellectual content.
<tokenize>
supplies any additional ICU-conformant rules to be used when tokenization is performed by xaira rather than by explicit XML markup.
<trunc>
contains one or more truncated words in transcribed speech.
Class: model.divPart.spoken
<u>
(utterance) a stretch of speech usually preceded and followed by silence or by a change of speaker.
Class: att.ascribed: model.divPart.spoken
Note: In the BNC, each change of speaker is marked by a new <u> element.
<unclear>
contains a word, phrase, or passage which cannot be transcribed with certainty because it is illegible or inaudible in the source.
Class: att.timed: model.pPart.edit
<valItem>
(value definition) contains a single value and gloss pair for an attribute.
Class: att.identifiable
<valList>
(value list) contains one or more valItem elements defining possible values for an attribute.
Class: att.identifiable
copyOf- supplies the identifier of a previously-defined value list to be used at this point
type- specifies the extensibility of the list of attribute values specified. Legal values are:
- att.identifiable.attribute.ident
- att.identifiable.attribute.ns
<valSource>
specifies where the xaira indexer is to find a value.
Class: att.identifiable
<vocal>
(Vocalized semi-lexical) any vocalized but not necessarily lexical phenomenon, for example voiced pauses, non-lexical backchannels, etc.
Class: model.divPart.spoken: att.timed: att.ascribed
desc- provides a brief description of the vocal event
- att.timed.attribute.dur
- att.ascribed.attribute.who
<w>
(word) represents a grammatical (not necessarily orthographic) word.
Class: att.c5coded: model.segLike
pos- supplies a simplified part-of-speech code. Legal values are:
hw- specifies the headword under which this lexical unit is conventionally grouped, where known.
- att.c5coded.attribute.c5
<wtext>
contains a single written text.
<xairaItem>
provides data needed to define one part of a xaira specification.
Class: att.identifiable
<xairaList>
contains a list of xaira parameters of a particular type
<xairaSpecification>
specifies additional information needed by xaira.
Class: model.encodingPart
<bnc>
(TEI corpus) contains the whole of a TEI encoded corpus, comprising a single corpus header and one or more TEI elements, each containing a single text header and a text.
bncNote: Must contain one TEI header for the corpus, and a series of <TEI> elements, one for each text.This element is mandatory when applicable.
Macros defined
Macro data.count
defines the range of attribute values used for a non-negative integer value used as a count
Macro data.enumerated
defines the range of attribute values expressed as a single word or token taken from a list of documented possibilities
Note: Typically, the list of documented possibilities will be provided (or exemplified) by a value list in the associated element specification. If the value contains whitespace, it must be normalised: neither leading or trailing sequences of whitespace characters nor internal sequences of more than one whitespace character are allowed.
Macro data.language
defines the range of attribute values used to identify a particular combination of human language and writing system
Macro data.name
defines the range of attribute values expressed as an XML name or identifier
Note: Attributes using this datatype must contain a single word which follows the rules defining a legal XML name: for example they cannot include whitespace or begin with digits.
Macro data.namespace
(an XML namespace) defines the range of attribute values used to indicate XML namespaces as defined by the W3C Namespaces in XML technical recommendation
Note: The range of syntactically valid values is defined by RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Reference
Macro data.pointer
defines the range of attribute values used to provide a single pointer to any other resource, either within the current document or elsewhere
Note: The range of syntactically valid values is defined by RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Reference
Macro data.pointers
defines the range of attribute values used to provide a list of pointers to other resources, either within the current document or elsewhere
Note: A white-space delimited list of values, defined by the datatype data.pointer
Macro data.temporal
defines the range of attribute values expressing a temporal expression such as a date, a time, or a combination of them
Note: A normalized form of temporal expression conforming to the W3C XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, except that times may be expressed with reduced precision (i.e., to the minute or the hour). Software intended for use with W3C XML Schema datatypes may be unable to properly process times expressed with reduced precision.If it is likely that the value used is to be compared with another, then a time zone indicator should always be included, and only the dateTime representation should be used.
Macro data.word
defines the range of attribute values expressed as a single word or token
Note: Attributes using this datatype must contain a single ‘word’ which contains only letters, digits, punctuation characters, or symbols: thus it cannot include whitespace.
Macro macro.fileDescPart
(file description elements) groups elements which occur inside fileDesc and biblFull
Macro macro.phraseSeq
(phrase sequence) defines a sequence of character data and phrase-level elements.
Macro mix.spoken
(mixed-base spoken-text components) contains a string used in constructing the definition of macro.component used in the mixed base tag set.
DT0